blackwiki - User contributions [en]

Template:Graphical timeline/doc

2013-08-29T02:25:06Z

24.218.110.195: /* Geological periods */

{{Documentation subpage}}


{{nutshell|
*Use {{tl|Include timeline}} in the main article for assisted generation.
*Type <code><nowiki>{{Graphical timeline|help=on}}</nowiki></code> into a page, then press preview for a ready-to-go template.
*Check that complicated timelines display as you expect in both [[internet explorer|IE]] and [[Firefox]]}}

==The easy way==
Type {{tlx|include timeline}} in your article, press preview, and follow the link generated. You'll be presented with a ready-to-go template; once this is finished, return to your article, and { {include timeline} } will display your timeline.

==Development==
Whilst I've tested this template as thoroughly as I can, I suspect it could be further improved. If you find any glitches or areas you wish you could customise, please let me know! ''[[User:Verisimilus|Verisimilus]]'' '''[[User talk:Verisimilus|T]]''' 12:02, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

==Template function==
This template provides an intuitive, user-friendly and flexible way to insert timelines into articles.
It's designed to require the minimum number of variables, and to reside within a table - although a margin can be added.

==Why use this template?==
The alternative to this template is [[m:EasyTimeline]], using the <nowiki><template></nowiki> syntax. EasyTimeline has the following weaknesses:

* Pixelated image produced, which looks different and increases page load time
* Long set-up time - taking 30 minutes plus even when you know what you are doing
* Impenetrable code requiring precise syntax
* Difficult to place bars exactly where you want them
* Changing minimum dates and sizes requires modification in many places
* Everything must be specified - nothing is automatic
* It is not scalable - it does not enlarge with text size.

==Using the template==

===Where to use it===
Whilst short timelines can be inserted directly into the article, some editors complain that long, complex timelines break up the flow of the page and make editing difficult. Therefore, you may want to use {{tl|Include timeline}} to host the timeline code on a separate page, which will be automatically included.

===Getting started===
You can set the switch <tt>|help=on</tt> in the template to produce some quick pointers. When you are getting started, you might want to use <code><nowiki>{{Graphical timeline|help=on}}</nowiki></code> to generate a ready-made, empty template - or type <code><nowiki>{{subst:Graphical timeline/blank}}</nowiki></code> into a sandbox page, save the page, and edit the resulting code. Hopefully, the parameter names are pretty self-explanatory.

===What numbers mean===
Numeric values are by default in units of [[em (typography)|em]], that is, the height and width of a capital M.

The exception to this is the left and right parameters of a bar, which are set using fractional coordinates. That is to say, the code <code> |bar1-left=0 |bar1-right=0.5 |bar2-left=0.666 |bar3-left=0.5 |bar3-right=0.666 </code> will produce bar1 covering the left half of the area, bar2 covering the right-most third, and bar3 in between them. Further, for operational reasons, the height-units are always used to generate border widths.

===Bar borders===
Borders appear only on the top and bottom of any given bar. Unfortunately, this cannot be changed - to have a border at the top or bottom only of a bar, you should create a separate bar to overlay the end.

Border style can be set to the [[CSS]] standards of <code>solid, dotted, dashed, double, groove, ridge, inset</code> or <code>outset</code>. Width is in the same units as height, and if none is specified 0.1 to 0.2 is a suitable hairline value.

===Blank lines===
Leaving a parameter blank is NOT the same as not specifying it - it will override the template's default value. Be sure to remove any lines you do not specify.

===Geological periods===
To draw a geological period, use the syntax |period3=Cenozoic, with |period3-left=0.1 as usual. The template will then calculate the beginning, end and correct color of the bar. For an example, see {{tiw|Cenozoic graphical timeline}}

===Considerations===

====Browsers====
Unfortunately, different browsers have different ways of dealing with lines of text that overflow their container - some stretch the container whilst others wrap the text. This means it's probably worth checking your finished timeline in at least [[Internet Explorer|IE]] and [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]] if you are making a particularly complex timeline.

====Colours====
If you are setting colours using html values that look like <code>#e0b539</code>, do consider that some older monitors, and many projectors, cannot display some colours. Sticking to [[Web colors#Web-safe colors|Web-safe colours]] ensures maximum compatibility, which is often appreciated; i.e. multiples of <tt>33</tt>, e.g. <code>#ff99cc</code> or <code>#03C</code>.

====Capacity====
If you find that highly-numbered bars, notes or legend entries are not showing up, it could be because the template has not been coded to handle it. There are instructions in the template code for how to add capacity for more bars etc. yourself (it's a simple copy and paste job); if you are not confident doing that, let ''[[User:Verisimilus|Verisimilus]]'' '''[[User talk:Verisimilus|T]]''' know.

====Easy editing====
If you create a timeline on a subpage, do use the <code> | link-to= </code> parameter. Specify the page name (e.g. <tt>Template:My graphical timeline</tt>), and "edit" and "history" links will appear.

==Parameter list==

The list may be long, but do not be daunted - you only need to use a couple, and the rest give you infinite flexibility!

Replace any instance of # with a number.

To and from are mandatory, all other parameters are optional.

===General parameters===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Timeline parameters
!Parameter
! Function
! Required?
|-
|from
|The start date of the timeline. May be negative.
|{{yes}}
|-
|to
|The final (uppermost) date of the timeline. May be negative.
|{{yes}}
|-
|width
| width of the timeline
|{{no}}
|-
| title
| What to display in the title bar
| {{no}}
|-
| title-colour
| The background colour for the title bar
| {{no}}
|-
|}

===Geological periods===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Parameter
! Function
|-
| period#
| Specify the name of the period; the template will automatically work out when it starts and ends, and colour it correctly.
|-
|+ Period parameters
|}

===Bars===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Parameter
! Function
|-
|width
| width of the timeline
|-
|+ Bar parameters
|}

===Legend===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Parameter
! Function
|-
|width
| width of the timeline
|-
|+ Legend parameters
|}

===Notes===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Parameter
! Function
|-
|width
| width of the timeline
|-
|+ Note parameters
|}

==In use: an example==
The code on the left produces the timeline on the right, which is deliberately horrendous in order to demonstrate the limitations of the template. For a working example, I'd recommend looking at [[Ediacaran biota]].

{{Graphical timeline

|title=Example Timeline
|align=right

|plot-colour=#bbeebb

|from=-550
|to=-500
|scale-increment=10

|width=10
|height=250
|height-unit=px

|legend1=[[Phanerozoic]]

|bar1-from=-542
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=0.1

|legend2=[[Precambrian]]

|bar2-to=-542
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=0.2

|legend3=[[Infracambrian]]
|legend3-colour=#e0aacc

|bar3-to=-534
|bar3-left=0.1
|bar3-right=0.2
|bar3-colour=#e0aacc

|
|bar14-from=-530
|bar14-to=-520
|bar14-left=0.95
|bar14-right=1.05
|bar14-colour=red
|legend14=Cambrian explosion

|
|bar5-text=[[Ediacaran]]
|bar5-to=-540
|bar5-left=0.2
|bar5-border-width=1
|bar5-colour=#cc9999

|bar6-text=[[Nemakit-Daldynian]]
|bar6-from=-542
|bar6-to=-534
|bar6-left=0.2
|bar6-border-width=0.1
|bar6-colour=#99cc99

|bar7-text=[[Tommotian]]
|bar7-from=-534
|bar7-to=-530
|bar7-left=0.1
|bar7-colour=#99cc99
|bar7-border-width=0.1

|bar8-from=-530.1
|bar8-to=-529.9
|bar8-left=0.2
|bar8-colour=black

|bar9-text=[[Atdabanian]]
|bar9-from=-530
|bar9-to=-524
|bar9-left=0.1
|bar9-right=0.95
|bar9-colour=#99cc99

|bar10-text=[[Botomian]]
|bar10-from=-524
|bar10-to=-518
|bar10-left=0.1
|bar10-colour=#99cc99
|bar10-border-width=0.1

|bar11-text=[[Toyonian]]
|bar11-from=-518
|bar11-to=-513
|bar11-left=0.1
|bar11-border-width=0.1
|bar11-colour=#99cc99

|note1=Base of the Cambrian
|note1-at=-542
|note1-colour=green

|note2=[[Middle Cambrian]]
|note2-nudge-left=8.5
|note2-nudge-down=0
|note2-at=-507
|note2-remove-arrow=yes

|caption=An approximate time-scale of events at the base of the [[Cambrian]] [[Period (geology){{!}}Period]].
 Axis scale is in millions of years ago.
}}
<pre>{{Graphical timeline

|title=Example Timeline
|align=right

|plot-colour=#bbeebb

|from=-550
|to=-500
|scale-increment=10

|width=10
|height=250
|height-unit=px

|legend1=[[Phanerozoic]]

|bar1-from=-542
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=0.1

|legend2=[[Precambrian]]

|bar2-to=-542
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=0.2

|legend3=[[Infracambrian]]
|legend3-colour=#e0aacc

|bar3-to=-534
|bar3-left=0.1
|bar3-right=0.2
|bar3-colour=#e0aacc

|
|bar14-from=-530
|bar14-to=-520
|bar14-left=0.95
|bar14-right=1.05
|bar14-colour=red
|legend14=Cambrian explosion

|
|bar5-text=[[Ediacaran]]
|bar5-to=-540
|bar5-left=0.2
|bar5-border-width=1
|bar5-border-colour= #996666
|bar5-colour=#cc9999

|bar6-text=[[Nemakit-Daldynian]]
|bar6-from=-542
|bar6-to=-534
|bar6-left=0.2
|bar6-border-width=0.1
|bar6-colour=#99cc99

|bar7-text=[[Tommotian]]
|bar7-from=-534
|bar7-to=-530
|bar7-left=0.1
|bar7-colour=#99cc99
|bar7-border-width=0.1

|bar8-from=-530.1
|bar8-to=-529.9
|bar8-left=0.2
|bar8-colour=black

|bar9-text=[[Atdabanian]]
|bar9-from=-530
|bar9-to=-524
|bar9-left=0.1
|bar9-right=0.95
|bar9-colour=#99cc99

|bar10-text=[[Botomian]]
|bar10-from=-524
|bar10-to=-518
|bar10-left=0.1
|bar10-colour=#99cc99
|bar10-border-width=0.1

|bar11-text=[[Toyonian]]
|bar11-from=-518
|bar11-to=-513
|bar11-left=0.1
|bar11-border-width=0.1
|bar11-colour=#99cc99

|note1=Base of the Cambrian
|note1-at=-542
|note1-colour=green

|note2=[[Middle Cambrian]]
|note2-nudge-left=8.5
|note2-nudge-down=0
|note2-at=-507
|note2-remove-arrow=yes

|caption=An approximate time-scale of events at the base of the [[Cambrian]] [[Period (geology){{!}}Period]].
 Axis scale is in millions of years ago.
}}
</pre>

==Notes on the example==
* <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code> must be used wherever you want a | to appear (e.g. the caption)
* If you do not specify when a bar should start or end, it will continue to the edge of the plot
* Text should not be too long for the bar
* The way that overflowing text wraps is also handled differently in the two borders - it pokes out of the right of the bar on Firefox, but is wrapped within it by IE. Try to manually enter newlines when required rather than relying on browsers to sort it out. Or position a note over the bar - check out note2, which is nudged left over the plot background.


<includeonly>
[[Category:Generic timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
</includeonly>

Template:Cretaceous

2013-08-27T15:07:21Z

24.218.110.195:

{| class="wikitable" align="right" rules="all" cellpadding=1 style="border: 1px solid #000000; margin-left:20px; font-size:90%; float: right;"
! [[System (stratigraphy)|System]]
! [[Series (stratigraphy)|Series]]
! [[Stage (stratigraphy)|Stage]]
! Age ([[Megaannum|Ma]])
|-
|style="background-color: {{period color|paleogene}};"|[[Paleogene]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|paleocene}};"|[[Paleocene]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|danian}};"|[[Danian]]
| align="center"|'''younger'''
|-
| rowspan="12" style="background-color: {{period color|cretaceous}};" | [[Cretaceous]]
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{period color|late cretaceous}};" | [[Late Cretaceous|Late]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|Maastrichtian}};" | [[Maastrichtian]]
| 66.0–72.1
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Campanian}};" | [[Campanian]]
| 72.1–83.6
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Santonian}};" | [[Santonian]]
| 83.6–86.3
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Coniacian}};" | [[Coniacian]]
| 86.3–89.8
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Turonian}};" | [[Turonian]]
| 89.8–93.9
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Cenomanian}};" | [[Cenomanian]]
| 93.9–100.5
|-
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{period color|early cretaceous}};" | [[Early Cretaceous|Early]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|Albian}};" | [[Albian]]
| 100.5–~113.0
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Aptian}};" | [[Aptian]]
| ~113.0–~125.0
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Barremian}};" | [[Barremian]]
| ~125.0–~129.4
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Hauterivian}};" | [[Hauterivian]]
| ~129.4–~132.9
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Valanginian}};" | [[Valanginian]]
| ~132.9–~139.8
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|Berriasian}};" | [[Berriasian]]
| ~139.8–~145.0
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|jurassic}};"|[[Jurassic]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|late jurassic}};" |[[Late Jurassic|Late]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|tithonian}};" |[[Tithonian]]
| align="center"|'''older'''
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color: #EAEAEA;" |Subdivision of the Cretaceous systemaccording to the [[IUGS]], as of July 2012.
|}<noinclude>

==See also==
* Older {{tl|Jurassic}}
* Younger {{tl|Paleogene}}
* Related {{tl|Cretaceous Footer}}

<references/>

[[Category:Geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic

2013-08-27T15:06:44Z

24.218.110.195:

{| class= "wikitable" align="right" rules="all" cellpadding=1 style="border: 1px solid #000000; margin-left:20px; font-size:90%; float:right;"
! [[System (stratigraphy)|System]]
! [[Series (stratigraphy)|Series]]
! [[Stage (stratigraphy)|Stage]]
! Age ([[Megaannum|Ma]])
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|cretaceous}};" | [[Cretaceous]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|lower cretaceous}};" | [[Early Cretaceous|Early]]
| style="background-color: rgb(181,218,113);" | [[Berriasian]]
| align="center"|'''younger'''
|-
| rowspan="11" style="background-color: {{period color|jurassic}};" | [[Jurassic]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{period color|late jurassic}};" | [[Late Jurassic|Late]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|tithonian}};" | [[Tithonian]]
| 145.0–152.1
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|kimmeridgian}};" | [[Kimmeridgian]]
| 152.1–157.3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|oxfordian}};" | [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]
| 157.3–163.5
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|middle jurassic}};" | [[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|callovian}};" | [[Callovian]]
| 163.5–166.1
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bathonian}};" | [[Bathonian]]
| 166.1–168.3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bajocian}};" | [[Bajocian]]
| 168.3–170.3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|aalenian}};" | [[Aalenian]]
| 170.3–174.1
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|early jurassic}};" | [[Early Jurassic|Early]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|toarcian}};" | [[Toarcian]]
| 174.1–182.7
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|pliensbachian}};" | [[Pliensbachian]]
| 182.7–190.8
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|sinemurian}};" | [[Sinemurian]]
| 190.8–199.3
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|hettangian}};" | [[Hettangian]]
| 199.3–201.3
|----
|style="background-color: {{period color|triassic}};" | [[Triassic]]
|style="background-color: {{period color|upper triassic}};" |[[Late Triassic|Late]]
|style="background-color: {{period color|rhaetian}};"|[[Rhaetian]]
| align="center"|'''older'''
|-
| colspan="5" style="background-color: #EAEAEA;" |Subdivision of the Jurassic systemaccording to the [[IUGS]], as of July 2012.
|}<noinclude>

==See also==
* Older {{tl|Triassic}}
* Younger {{tl|Cretaceous}}
* Related {{tl|Jurassic Footer}}

<references/>

[[Category:Geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]


</noinclude>

Template:Carboniferous

2013-08-27T15:04:49Z

24.218.110.195:

{| class="wikitable" align="right" rules="all" cellpadding=1 style="border: 1px solid #000000; margin-left:20px; font-size:90%; float:right;"
! [[System (stratigraphy)|System]]
! [[System (stratigraphy)|Subsystem]]/ [[Series (stratigraphy)|Series]]
! [[Stage (stratigraphy)|Stage]]
! Age ([[Megaannum|Ma]])
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|permian}};" | [[Permian]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|cisuralian}};" | [[Cisuralian]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|asselian}};" | [[Asselian]]
| align="center"|'''younger'''
|-
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{period color|carboniferous}};" | [[Carboniferous]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{period color|pennsylvanian}};" | [[Pennsylvanian]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|gzhelian}};" | [[Gzhelian]]
| 298.9–303.7
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|kasimovian}};" | [[Kasimovian]]
| 303.7–307.0
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|moscovian}};" | [[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian]]
| 307.0–315.2
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|bashkirian}};" | [[Bashkirian]]
| 315.2–323.2
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{period color|mississippian}};" | [[Mississippian]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|serpukhovian}};" | [[Serpukhovian]]
| 323.2–330.9
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|visean}};" | [[Viséan]]
| 330.9–346.7
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|tournaisian}};" | [[Tournaisian]]
| 346.7–358.9
|-
| style="background-color: {{period color|devonian}};" | [[Devonian]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|upper devonian}};" |[[Late Devonian|Late]]
| style="background-color: {{period color|famennian}};" | [[Famennian]]
| align="center"|'''older'''
|-
| colspan="6" style="background-color: #EAEAEA;" |Subdivision of the Carboniferous system according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]].<ref name="GTS 2013">{{cite web|title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart|url=http://stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale|publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy|accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref>
|}<noinclude>
[[Category:Geology templates]]
{{Template reference list}}

==See Also==

* Older [[Template:Devonian|Devonian]]
* Younger [[Template:Permian|Permian]]

</noinclude>

Template:Devonian

2013-08-27T15:04:28Z

24.218.110.195:

{| class="wikitable" align="right" rules="all" cellpadding=1 style="border: 1px solid #000000; margin-left:20px; font-size:90%; float:right;"
! [[System (stratigraphy)|System]]
! [[System (stratigraphy)|Subsystem]]/ [[Series (stratigraphy)|Series]]
! [[Stage (stratigraphy)|Stage]]
! Age ([[Megaannum|Ma]])
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|carboniferous}};" | [[Carboniferous]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|mississippian}};" | [[Mississippian]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|tournaisian}};" | [[Tournaisian]]
| align="center"|''' recent'''
|-
| rowspan="7" style="background-color:{{period color|devonian}};" | [[Devonian]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|upper devonian}};" | [[Late Devonian|Late]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|frasnian}};" | [[Famennian]]
| align="center" | 372,2–358,9
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|famennian}};" | [[Frasnian]]
| align="center" | 382,7–372,2
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{period color|middle devonian}};" | [[Middle Devonian|Middle]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|givetian}};" | [[Givetian]]
| align="center" | 387,7–382,7
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|eifelian}};" | [[Eifelian]]
| align="center" | 393,3–387,7
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{period color|lower devonian}}" | [[Early Devonian|Early]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|emsian}};" | [[Emsian]]
| align="center" | 407,6–393,3
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|pragian}};" | [[Pragian]]
| align="center" | 410,8–407,6
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|lochkovian}};" | [[Lochkovian]]
| align="center" | 419,2–410,8
|-
| style="background-color:{{period color|silurian}};" | [[Silurian]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|pridoli}};" | [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]]
| style="background-color:{{period color|pridoli}};" | no faunal stages defined
| align="center"|'''older'''
|-
| colspan="6" style="background-color: #EAEAEA;" |Subdivision of the Devonian system according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]].<ref name="GTS 2012">{{cite web|title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart|url=http://stratigraphy.org/column.php?id=Chart/Time%20Scale|publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy|accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref>
|}<noinclude>
[[Category:Geology templates]]
{{Template reference list}}

==See Also==

* Older [[Template:Silurian graphical timeline|Silurian]]

* Younger [[Template:Carboniferous stages|Carboniferous]]

</noinclude>

Template:Geological history of Earth

2013-08-27T15:02:58Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Navbox with collapsible groups
|name=Geological history
|title=[[Geologic time scale|Geologic history of Earth]]
|titlestyle=background:#ee9;
|bodyclass=hlist
|groupstyle=background:#dd9;
|belowstyle=background:#dd9;
|below=Source: [http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf International Chronostratigraphic Chart (January 2013)]. [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]]. Retrieved 27 March 2013. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/fs2007-3015.pdf Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units] USGS Retrieved 10 March 2013. 
|state={{{state|autocollapse}}}
|selected={{{1|}}}
|abbr1=c
|abbr2=p
|group1=[[Precambrian|Precambrian supereon (4.567 Gya – 541.0 Mya)]]
|group1style={{{group1style|background:{{period color|precambrian}};}}}
|list1={{Navbox|child
|groupstyle=width:10em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|abovestyle=background:{{period color|precambrian}};
|above=In left column are [[eon (geology)|eon]]s; right column: '''bold''' are [[era (geology)|era]]s; not bold are [[period (geology)|period]]s:
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|precambrian}};
|below=[[mya (unit)|Mya]] = millions years ago. [[Gya]] = billions years ago.
|group1style=background:{{period color|hadean}};
|group1=[[Hadean]] {{Nobold|(4.567 – 4 Gya)}}
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Chaotian (geology)|Chaotian (4.567 – 4.4 Gya)]]'''
|list2=
*'''[[Zirconian|Zirconian (4.4 – 4 Gya)]]'''
}}
|group2style=background:{{period color|archean}};
|group2=[[Archean]] {{Nobold|(4 – 2.5 Gya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Eoarchean|Eoarchean (4 – 3.6 Gya)]]'''
|list2=
*'''[[Paleoarchean|Paleoarchean (3.6 – 3.2 Gya)]]'''
|list3=
*'''[[Mesoarchean|Mesoarchean (3.2 – 2.8 Gya)]]'''
|list4=
*'''[[Neoarchean|Neoarchean (2.8 – 2.5 Gya)]]'''
}}
|group3style=background:{{period color|proterozoic}};
|group3=[[Proterozoic]] {{Nobold|(2.5 Gya – 541.0 Mya)}}
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Paleoproterozoic|Paleoproterozoic (2.5 – 1.6 Gya)]]''': [[Siderian|Siderian (2.5 – 2.3 Gya)]]
*[[Rhyacian|Rhyacian (2.3 – 2.05 Gya)]]
*[[Orosirian|Orosirian (2.05 – 1.8 Gya)]]
*[[Statherian|Statherian (1.8 – 1.6 Gya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Mesoproterozoic|Mesoproterozoic (1.6 – 1 Gya)]]''': [[Calymmian|Calymmian (1.6 – 1.4 Gya)]]
*[[Ectasian|Ectasian (1.4 – 1.2 Gya)]]
*[[Stenian|Stenian (1.2 – 1 Gya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Neoproterozoic|Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 541.0 Mya)]]''': [[Tonian|Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya)]]
*[[Cryogenian|Cryogenian (850 – 635 Mya)]]
*[[Ediacaran|Ediacaran (635 – 541.0 Mya)]]
}}}}
|group2=[[Phanerozoic|Phanerozoic eon (541.0 – 0 Mya)]]
|group2style={{{group2style|background:{{period color|phanerozoic}};}}}
|list2={{Navbox with collapsible groups|child
|selected={{{2|}}}
|abovestyle=background:{{period color|phanerozoic}};
|above=In horizontal bars are [[era (geology)|era]]s; in left column are [[period (geology)|period]]s; right column: '''bold''' are [[epoch (geology)|epoch]]s; not bold not italic are [[age (geology)|age]]s; ''italic'' are [[chron]]s:
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|phanerozoic}};
|below=[[tya|kya]] = thousands years ago. [[Mya (unit)|Mya]] = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|I.C.S.]]
|abbr1=p
|abbr2=m
|abbr3=c
|group1=[[Paleozoic|Paleozoic (541.0 – 252.17 Mya)]]
|group1style=background:{{period color|paleozoic}};
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|carboniferous}};
|below=[[Kasimovian]] and [[Gzhelian]] comprise '''[[Late Pennsylvanian|Late Pennsylvanian (307.0 – 298.9 Mya)]]''' subepoch.
|groupstyle=width:12em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|group1style=background:{{period color|cambrian}};
|group1=[[Cambrian]] {{Nobold|(541.0 – 485.4 Mya)}}
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Terreneuvian|Terreneuvian (541.0 – 521 Mya)]]''': [[Fortunian|Fortunian (541.0 – 529 Mya)]]
*[[Cambrian Stage 2|Age 2* (529 – 521 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Cambrian Series 2|Epoch 2* (521 – 509 Mya)]]''': [[Cambrian Stage 3|Age 3* (521 – 514 Mya)]]
*[[Cambrian Stage 4|Age 4* (514 – 509 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Cambrian Series 3|Epoch 3* (509 – 497 Mya)]]''': [[Cambrian Stage 5|Age 5* (509 – 504.5 Mya)]]
*[[Drumian|Drumian (504.5 – 500.5 Mya)]]
*[[Guzhangian|Guzhangian (500.5 – 497 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Furongian|Furongian (497 – 485.4 Mya)]]''': [[Paibian|Paibian (497 – 494 Mya)]]
*[[Jiangshanian|Jiangshanian (494 – 489.5 Mya)]]
*[[Cambrian Stage 10|Age 10* (489.5 – 485.4 Mya)]]
}}
|group2style=background:{{period color|ordovician}};
|group2=[[Ordovician]] {{Nobold|(485.4 – 443.4 Mya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Early Ordovician|Early Ordovician (485.4 – 470.0 Mya)]]''': [[Tremadocian|Tremadocian (485.4 – 477.7 Mya)]]
*[[Floian|Floian (477.7 – 470.0 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Middle Ordovician|Middle Ordovician (470.0 – 458.4 Mya)]]''': [[Dapingian|Dapingian (470.0 – 467.3 Mya)]]
*[[Darriwilian|Darriwilian (467.3 – 458.4 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Late Ordovician|Late Ordovician (458.4 – 443.4 Mya)]]''': [[Sandbian|Sandbian (458.4 – 453.0 Mya)]]
*[[Katian|Katian (453.0 – 445.2 Mya)]]
*[[Hirnantian|Hirnantian (445.2 – 443.4 Mya)]]
}}
|group3style=background:{{period color|silurian}};
|group3=[[Silurian]] {{Nobold|(443.4 – 419.2 Mya)}}
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Llandovery epoch|Llandovery (443.4 – 433.4 Mya)]]''': [[Rhuddanian|Rhuddanian (443.4 – 440.8 Mya)]]
*[[Aeronian|Aeronian (440.8 – 438.5 Mya)]]
*[[Telychian|Telychian (438.5 – 433.4 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Wenlock (Silurian)|Wenlock (433.4 – 427.4 Mya)]]''': [[Sheinwoodian|Sheinwoodian (433.4 – 430.5 Mya)]]
*[[Homerian|Homerian (430.5 – 427.4 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Ludlow epoch|Ludlow (427.4 – 423.0 Mya)]]''': [[Gorstian|Gorstian (427.4 – 425.6 Mya)]]
*[[Ludfordian|Ludfordian (425.6 – 423.0 Mya)]]
|list5=
*'''[[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli (423.0 – 419.2 Mya)]]'''
}}
|group4style=background:{{period color|devonian}};
|group4=[[Devonian]] {{Nobold|(419.2 – 358.9 Mya)}}
|list4={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Early Devonian|Early Devonian (419.2 – 393.3 Mya)]]''': [[Lochkovian|Lochkovian (419.2 – 410.8 Mya)]]
*[[Pragian|Pragian (410.8 – 407.6 Mya)]]
*[[Emsian|Emsian (407.6 – 393.3 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Middle Devonian|Middle Devonian (393.3 – 382.7 Mya)]]''': [[Eifelian|Eifelian (393.3 – 387.7 Mya)]]
*[[Givetian|Givetian (387.7 – 382.7 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Late Devonian|Late Devonian (382.7 – 358.9 Mya)]]''': [[Frasnian|Frasnian (382.7 – 372.2 Mya)]]
*[[Famennian|Famennian (372.2 – 358.9 Mya)]]
}}
|group5style=background:{{period color|carboniferous}};
|group5=[[Carboniferous]] {{Nobold|(358.9 – 298.9 Mya)}}
|list5={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Mississippian|Mississippian (358.9 – 323.2 Mya)]]''': [[Tournaisian|Tournaisian (358.9 – 346.7 Mya)]]
*[[Viséan|Viséan (346.7 – 330.9 Mya)]]
*[[Serpukhovian|Serpukhovian (330.9 – 323.2 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Pennsylvanian|Pennsylvanian (323.2 – 298.9 Mya)]]''': [[Bashkirian|Bashkirian (323.2 – 315.2 Mya)]]
*[[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian (315.2 – 307.0 Mya)]]
*[[Kasimovian|Kasimovian (307.0 – 303.7 Mya)]]
*[[Gzhelian|Gzhelian (303.7 – 298.9 Mya)]]
}}
|group6style=background:{{period color|permian}};
|group6=[[Permian]] {{Nobold|(298.9 – 252.17 Mya)}}
|list6={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Cisuralian|Cisuralian (298.9 – 272.3 Mya)]]''': [[Asselian|Asselian (298.9 – 295.0 Mya)]]
*[[Sakmarian|Sakmarian (295.0 – 290.1 Mya)]]
*[[Artinskian|Artinskian (290.1 – 283.5 Mya)]]
*[[Kungurian|Kungurian (283.5 – 272.3 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Guadalupian|Guadalupian (272.3 – 259.8 Mya)]]''': [[Roadian|Roadian (272.3 – 268.8 Mya)]]
*[[Wordian|Wordian (268.8 – 265.1 Mya)]]
*[[Capitanian|Capitanian (265.1 – 259.8 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Lopingian|Lopingian (259.8 – 252.17 Mya)]]''': [[Wuchiapingian|Wuchiapingian (259.8 – 254.14 Mya)]]
*[[Changhsingian|Changhsingian (254.14 – 252.17 Mya)]]
}}}}
|group2=[[Mesozoic|Mesozoic (252.17 – 66.0 Mya)]]
|group2style=background:{{period color|mesozoic}};
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|groupstyle=width:12em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|group1style=background:{{period color|triassic}};
|group1=[[Triassic]] {{Nobold|(252.17 – 201.3 Mya)}}
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Early Triassic|Early Triassic (252.17 – 247.2 Mya)]]''': [[Induan|Induan (252.17 – 251.2 Mya)]]
*[[Olenekian|Olenekian (251.2 – 247.2 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Middle Triassic|Middle Triassic (247.2 – 235 Mya)]]''': [[Anisian|Anisian (247.2 – 242 Mya)]]
*[[Ladinian|Ladinian (242 – 235 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Late Triassic|Late Triassic (235 – 201.3 Mya)]]''': [[Carnian|Carnian (235 – 228 Mya)]]
*[[Norian|Norian (228 – 208.5 Mya)]]
*[[Rhaetian|Rhaetian (208.5 – 201.3 Mya)]]
}}
|group2style=background:{{period color|jurassic}};
|group2=[[Jurassic]] {{Nobold|(201.3 – 145.0 Mya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Early Jurassic|Early Jurassic (201.3 – 174.1 Mya)]]''': [[Hettangian|Hettangian (201.3 – 199.3 Mya)]]
*[[Sinemurian|Sinemurian (199.3 – 190.8 Mya)]]
*[[Pliensbachian|Pliensbachian (190.8 – 182.7 Mya)]]
*[[Toarcian|Toarcian (182.7 – 174.1 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Middle Jurassic|Middle Jurassic (174.1 – 163.5 Mya)]]''': [[Aalenian|Aalenian (174.1 – 170.3 Mya)]]
*[[Bajocian|Bajocian (170.3 – 168.3 Mya)]]
*[[Bathonian|Bathonian (168.3 – 166.1 Mya)]]
*[[Callovian|Callovian (166.1 – 163.5 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Late Jurassic|Late Jurassic (163.5 – 145.0 Mya)]]''': [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian (163.5 – 157.3 Mya)]]
*[[Kimmeridgian|Kimmeridgian (157.3 – 152.1 Mya)]]
*[[Tithonian|Tithonian (152.1 – 145.0 Mya)]]
}}
|group3style=background:{{period color|cretaceous}};
|group3=[[Cretaceous]] {{Nobold|(145.0 – 66.0 Mya)}}
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous (145.0 – 100.5 Mya)]]''': [[Berriasian|Berriasian (145.0 – 139.8 Mya)]]
*[[Valanginian|Valanginian (139.8 – 132.9 Mya)]]
*[[Hauterivian|Hauterivian (132.9 – 129.4 Mya)]]
*[[Barremian|Barremian (129.4 – 125.0 Mya)]]
*[[Aptian|Aptian (125.0 – 113.0 Mya)]]
*[[Albian|Albian (113.0 – 100.5 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Late Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous (100.5 – 66.0 Mya)]]''': [[Cenomanian|Cenomanian (100.5 – 93.9 Mya)]]
*[[Turonian|Turonian (93.9 – 89.8 Mya)]]
*[[Coniacian|Coniacian (89.8 – 86.3 Mya)]]
*[[Santonian|Santonian (86.3 – 83.6 Mya)]]
*[[Campanian|Campanian (83.6 – 72.1 Mya)]]
*[[Maastrichtian|Maastrichtian (72.1 – 66.0 Mya)]]
}}}}
|group3=[[Cenozoic|Cenozoic (66.0 – 0 Mya)]]
|group3style=background:{{period color|cenozoic}};
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|quaternary}};
|below='''[[Paleogene]]''', '''[[Neogene]]''' and early '''[[Pleistocene]]''' comprise former '''[[Tertiary|Tertiary* (66.0 – 1.8 Mya)]]''' period. [[Gelasian]] and [[Calabrian (stage)|Calabrian]] comprise '''[[Early Pleistocene|Early Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 781 kya)]]''' subepoch.
|groupstyle=width:12em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|group1style=background:{{period color|paleogene}};
|group1=[[Paleogene]] {{Nobold|(66.0 – 23.03 Mya)}}
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Paleocene|Paleocene (66.0 – 56.0 Mya)]]''': [[Danian|Danian (66.0 – 61.6 Mya)]]
*[[Selandian|Selandian (61.6 – 59.2 Mya)]]
*[[Thanetian|Thanetian (59.2 – 56.0 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Eocene|Eocene (56.0 – 33.9 Mya)]]''': [[Ypresian|Ypresian (56.0 – 47.8 Mya)]]
*[[Lutetian|Lutetian (47.8 – 41.3 Mya)]]
*[[Bartonian|Bartonian (41.3 – 38.0 Mya)]]
*[[Priabonian|Priabonian (38.0 – 33.9 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Oligocene|Oligocene (33.9 – 23.03 Mya)]]''': [[Rupelian|Rupelian (33.9 – 28.1 Mya)]]
*[[Chattian|Chattian (28.1 – 23.03 Mya)]]
}}
|group2style=background:{{period color|neogene}};
|group2=[[Neogene]] {{Nobold|(23.03 – 2.588 Mya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Miocene|Miocene (23.03 – 5.333 Mya)]]''': [[Aquitanian (stage)|Aquitanian (23.03 – 20.44 Mya)]]
*[[Burdigalian|Burdigalian (20.44 – 15.97 Mya)]]
*[[Langhian|Langhian (15.97 – 13.82 Mya)]]
*[[Serravallian|Serravallian (13.82 – 11.62 Mya)]]
*[[Tortonian|Tortonian (11.62 – 7.246 Mya)]]
*[[Messinian|Messinian (7.246 – 5.333 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Pliocene|Pliocene (5.333 – 2.588 Mya)]]''': [[Piacenzian|Piacenzian (5.333 – 3.600 Mya)]]
*[[Zanclean|Zanclean (3.600 – 2.588 Mya)]]
}}
|group3style=background:{{period color|quaternary}};
|group3=[[Quaternary]] {{Nobold|(2.588 – 0 Mya)}}
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Pleistocene|Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 11.7 kya)]]''': [[Gelasian|Gelasian (2.588 – 1.806 Mya)]]
*[[Calabrian (stage)|Calabrian (1.806 Mya – 781 kya)]]
*[[Middle Pleistocene|Middle Pleistocene (Ionian) (781 – 126 kya)]]
*[[Late Pleistocene|Late Pleistocene (Tarantian) (126 – 11.7 kya)]]: ''[[Oldest Dryas|Oldest Dryas* (18 – 14.67 kya)]]''
*''[[Bølling oscillation|Bølling* (14.67 – 14 kya)]]''
*''[[Older Dryas|Older Dryas* (14 – 13.7 kya)]]''
*''[[Allerød oscillation|Allerød* (13.7 – 12.8 kya)]]''
*''[[Younger Dryas|Younger Dryas* (12.8 – 11.7 kya)]]''
|list3=
*'''[[Holocene|Holocene (11.7 – 0 kya)]]''': ''[[Preboreal|Preboreal* (11.7 – 9 kya)]]''
*''[[Boreal (age)|Boreal* (9 – 8 kya)]]''
*''[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic* (8 – 5 kya)]]''
*''[[Subboreal|Subboreal* (5 – 2.5 kya)]]''
*''[[Subatlantic|Subatlantic* (2.5 – 0 kya)]]''
}}}}}}}}<noinclude>

 {{collapsible option}}
[[Category:geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Historical geology|{{PAGENAME}}]]
</noinclude>

Template:Geologic time scale

2013-08-19T01:38:49Z

24.218.110.195:

<div style="clear:both; width:100%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto" class="NavFrame">
<div class="NavHead" style="background-color:#ccccff">{{Tnavbar-collapsible | [[Geologic time scale]] | Geologic time scale}}</div>
<div class="NavContent">

{| class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"
|-
! [[Supereon (geology)|Supereon]]
! [[Eon (geology)|Eon]]
! [[Era (geology)|Era]]
! [[Period (geology)|Period]]<ref name="faunal-stages">Paleontologists often refer to [[faunal stage]]s rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent time-ordered list of faunal stages, see {{cite web|url=http://flatpebble.nceas.ucsb.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=startScale| title=The Paleobiology Database| accessdate=2006-03-19}}</ref>
! [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]]
! [[Age (geology)|Age]]<ref name="uncertain-dates" />
! Major events
! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2012 time scale. Where errors are not quoted, errors are less than the precision of the age given. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
|-
|rowspan="100" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a<ref>References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.</ref>
|rowspan="100" style="background:{{period color|Phanerozoic}}"| [[Phanerozoic]]
|rowspan="22" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
|rowspan="5" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| [[Quaternary]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| [[Holocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"|
[[Chronozone|chrons]]: [[Subatlantic]]{{·}}[[Subboreal]]{{·}}[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]{{·}}[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]{{·}}[[Preboreal]]
|rowspan="1" | [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins. [[Stone Age]] cultures give way to [[Bronze Age]] (3300 BC) and [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere|CO2]] levels rise from around 280 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) to the current level of 390 ppmv.<ref name="Royer">{{cite journal |last=Royer |title={{CO2}}-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic |journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |volume=70 |pages=5665–75 |year=2006 |url=http://droyer.web.wesleyan.edu/PhanCO2%28GCA%29.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031 |first1=Dana L. |issue=23|bibcode = 2006GeCoA..70.5665R }}</ref><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see [[Atmosphere of Earth#Evolution of Earth's atmosphere]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], and [[climate change]]. Specific graphs of reconstructed CO2 levels over the past ~550, 65, and 5 million years can be seen at [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]], respectively.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| 0.0117<ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,700]] [[before present|years ago]]. For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| [[Pleistocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| [[Late Pleistocene|Late]] (locally [[Tarantian]]{{·}}[[Tyrrhenian Stage|Tyrrhenian]]{{·}}[[Eemian]]{{·}}[[Sangamonian Stage|Sangamonian]])
|rowspan="4"| Flourishing and then extinction of many large [[mammal]]s ([[Pleistocene megafauna]]). Evolution of anatomically modern [[human]]s. [[Last glacial period|Quaternary Ice Age]] continues with [[glaciations]] and [[interstadial]]s (and the accompanying fluctuations from 100 to 300 ppmv in [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] CO2 levels<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />), further intensification of [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] conditions, roughly 1.6 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Last glacial maximum]] (30000 [[before present|years ago]]), [[last glacial period]] (18000–15000 years ago). Dawn of human [[Lower Paleolithic#Cultures|stone-age cultures]], with [[Middle Paleolithic#Cultures|increasing technical complexity]] relative to previous ice age cultures, such as [[Upper Paleolithic#Cultures|engravings and clay statues]] (e.g. [[Venus of Lespugue]]), particularly in the [[Mediterranean]] and Europe. [[Lake Toba]] [[supervolcano]] erupts 75000 years before present, causing a [[volcanic winter]] that [[Toba catastrophe theory|pushes humanity to the brink of extinction]]. Pleistocene ends with [[Oldest Dryas]], [[Older Dryas]]/[[Allerød Oscillation|Allerød]] and [[Younger Dryas]] climate events, with Younger Dryas forming the boundary with the Holocene.
|style="background:{{period color|upper Pleistocene}}"| 0.126
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] (formerly Ionian)
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| 0.781
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| [[Early Pleistocene|Calabrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| 1.806*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| [[Gelasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| 2.588*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| [[Neogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]
|rowspan="1" style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| [[Piacenzian]]/[[Blancan]]
|rowspan="2"| Intensification of present [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse conditions]], [[Quaternary glaciation|present (Quaternary) ice age]] begins roughly 2.58 Ma; cool and dry [[climate]]. [[Australopithecine]]s, many of the existing genera of mammals, and recent [[mollusk]]s appear. ''[[Homo habilis]]'' appears.
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| 3.600*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| [[Zanclean]]
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| 5.333*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| [[Messinian]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate Icehouse climate]], puncuated by [[ice age]]s; [[Orogeny]] in [[northern hemisphere]]. Modern [[mammal]] and [[bird]] families become recognizable. [[Equidae|Horses]] and [[mastodon]]s diverse. [[Grass]]es become ubiquitous. First [[ape]]s appear (for reference see the article: "[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]"). [[Kaikoura Orogeny]] forms [[Southern Alps]] in New Zealand, continues today. Orogeny of the Alps in Europe slows, but continues to this day. [[Carpathian orogeny]] forms [[Carpathian Mountains]] in [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. [[Hellenic orogeny]] in Greece and Aegean Sea slows, but continues to this day. [[Middle Miocene Disruption]] occurs. Widespread forests slowly [[photosynthesis|draw in]] massive amounts of CO2, gradually lowering the level of atmospheric CO2 from 650 ppmv down to around 100 ppmv.<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| 7.246*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| [[Tortonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| 11.62*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| [[Serravallian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| 13.82*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| [[Langhian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| 15.97
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| [[Burdigalian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| 20.44
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| [[Aquitanian age|Aquitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| 23.03*
|-
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| [[Paleogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| [[Chattian]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Warm but cooling climate]], moving towards Icehouse; Rapid [[evolution]] and diversification of fauna, especially [[mammal]]s. Major evolution and dispersal of modern types of [[flowering plant]]s
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| 28.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| [[Rupelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| 33.9*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| [[Priabonian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate, cooling climate]]. Archaic [[mammal]]s (e.g. [[Creodont]]s, [[Condylarth]]s, [[Uintatheriidae|Uintatheres]], etc) flourish and continue to develop during the epoch. Appearance of several "modern" mammal families. Primitive [[Cetacea|whales]] diversify. First [[grass]]es. Reglaciation of Antarctica and formation of its [[ice cap]]; [[Azolla event]] triggers [[ice age]], and the [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] climate that would follow it to this day, from the settlement and decay of [[seafloor]] [[algae]] drawing in massive amounts of atmospheric [[carbon dioxide]],<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" /> lowering it from 3800 [[parts per million|ppmv]] down to 650 ppmv. End of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]] in North America. [[Orogeny]] of the [[Alps]] in Europe begins. [[Hellenic Orogeny]] begins in Greece and [[Aegean Sea]].
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| 38.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| [[Bartonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| 41.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| [[Lutetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| 47.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| [[Ypresian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| 56.0*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| [[Thanetian]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Climate tropical]]. Modern [[plant]]s appear; [[Mammal]]s diversify into a number of primitive lineages following the extinction of the dinosaurs. First large mammals (up to [[bear]] or small [[hippopotamus|hippo]] size). [[Alpine orogeny]] in Europe and Asia begins. [[Indian Subcontinent]] collides with Asia 55 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], [[Geology of the Himalaya|Himalayan Orogeny]] starts between 52 and 48 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| 59.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| [[Selandian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| 61.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| [[Danian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| 66.0*
|-
|rowspan="30" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| [[Mesozoic]]
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Late Cretaceous}}"| [[Late Cretaceous|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| [[Maastrichtian]]
|rowspan="12"| [[Flowering plant]]s proliferate, along with new types of [[insect]]s. More modern [[teleost]] fish begin to appear. [[Ammonoidea]], [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]], [[rudist]] [[Bivalvia|bivalve]]s, [[Echinoidea|echinoid]]s and [[Porifera|sponges]] all common. Many new types of [[dinosaur]]s (e.g. [[Tyrannosauridae|Tyrannosaurs]], [[Titanosauridae|Titanosaurs]], [[Hadrosauridae|duck bills]], and [[Ceratopsidae|horned dinosaurs]]) evolve on land, as do [[Eusuchia]] ([[Crocodilia|modern crocodilians]]); and [[mosasaur]]s and modern [[shark]]s appear in the sea. Primitive [[bird]]s gradually replace [[pterosaurs]]. [[Monotremes]], [[marsupial]]s and [[Eutheria|placental]] mammals appear. Break up of [[Gondwana]]. Beginning of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier Orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 close to present-day levels.
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| 72.1 ± 0.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| [[Campanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| 83.6 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| [[Santonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| 86.3 ± 0.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| [[Coniacian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| 89.8 ± 0.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| [[Turonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| 93.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| [[Cenomanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| 100.5*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Early Cretaceous}}"| [[Early Cretaceous|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| [[Albian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| c. 113.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| [[Aptian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| c. 125.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| [[Barremian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| c. 129.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| [[Hauterivian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| c. 132.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| [[Valanginian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| c. 139.8
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| [[Berriasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| c. 145.0
|-
|rowspan="11" style="background:{{period color|Jurassic}}"| [[Jurassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Jurassic}}"| [[Late Jurassic|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| [[Tithonian]]
|rowspan="11"| [[Gymnosperm]]s (especially [[conifer]]s, [[Bennettitales]] and [[cycad]]s) and [[fern]]s common. Many types of [[dinosaur]]s, such as [[sauropod]]s, [[carnosaur]]s, and [[stegosaur]]s. Mammals common but small. First [[bird]]s and [[Squamata|lizards]]. [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[plesiosaur]]s diverse. [[Bivalvia|Bivalve]]s, [[Ammonite]]s and [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]] abundant. [[Sea urchin]]s very common, along with [[crinoid]]s, starfish, [[Porifera|sponges]], and [[Terebratulida|terebratulid]] and [[Rhynchonellida|rhynchonellid]] [[brachiopod]]s. Breakup of [[Pangaea]] into [[Gondwana]] and [[Laurasia]]. [[Nevadan orogeny]] in North America. [[Rangitata Orogeny|Rantigata]] and [[Cimmerian Orogeny|Cimmerian Orogenies]] taper off. Atmospheric CO2 levels 4–5 times the present day levels (1200–1500 ppmv, compared to today's 385 ppmv<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />).
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| 152.1 ± 0.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| [[Kimmeridgian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| 157.3 ± 1.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| [[Oxfordian stage|Oxfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| 163.5 ± 1.0
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Middle Jurassic}}"| [[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| [[Callovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| 166.1 ± 1.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| [[Bathonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| 168.3 ± 1.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| [[Bajocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| 170.3 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| [[Aalenian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| 174.1 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Early Jurassic}}"| [[Early Jurassic|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| [[Toarcian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| 182.7 ± 0.7
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| [[Pliensbachian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| 190.8 ± 1.0*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| [[Sinemurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| 199.3 ± 0.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| [[Hettangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| 201.3 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Triassic}}"| [[Triassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Triassic}}"| [[Late Triassic|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| [[Rhaetian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Archosaur]]s dominant on land as [[dinosaur]]s, in the oceans as [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[nothosaur]]s, and in the air as [[pterosaur]]s. [[Cynodont]]s become smaller and more mammal-like, while first [[mammal]]s and [[crocodilia]] appear. ''[[Dicroidium]]''flora common on land. Many large aquatic [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] amphibians. [[Ammonite|Ceratitic ammonoids]] extremely common. [[Scleractinia|Modern corals]] and [[teleost]] fish appear, as do many modern [[insect]] clades. [[Andes Mountains|Andean Orogeny]] in South America. [[Cimmerian Orogeny]] in Asia. [[Rangitata Orogeny]] begins in New Zealand. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] in [[Northern Australia]], Queensland and [[New South Wales]] ends, (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| c. 208.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| [[Norian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| c. 228
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| [[Carnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| c. 235*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Triassic}}"| [[Middle Triassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| [[Ladinian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| c. 242*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| [[Anisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| 247.2
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Early Triassic}}"| [[Early Triassic|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| [[Olenekian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| 251.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| [[Induan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| 252.2 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="48" style="background:{{period color|Paleozoic}}"| [[Paleozoic]]
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Permian}}"| [[Permian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Lopingian}}"| [[Lopingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| [[Changhsingian]]
|rowspan="9"| [[Landmass]]es unite into [[supercontinent]] [[Pangaea]], creating the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian]]s. End of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. [[Synapsida|Synapsid]] [[Reptilia|reptile]]s ([[pelycosaur]]s and [[therapsid]]s) become plentiful, while [[parareptile]]s and [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] [[Amphibian|amphibians]] remain common. In the mid-Permian, [[coal]]-age flora are replaced by [[Conifer cone|cone]]-bearing [[gymnosperm]]s (the first true [[seed plants]]) and by the first true [[moss]]es. [[Beetles]] and [[Fly|flies]] evolve. Marine life flourishes in warm shallow reefs; [[Productida|productid]] and [[Spiriferida|spiriferid]] brachiopods, bivalves, [[foraminifera|foram]]s, and [[orthocerid|ammonoid]]s all abundant. [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]] occurs 251[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]: 95% of life on Earth becomes extinct, including all [[trilobite]]s, [[graptolite]]s, and [[blastoid]]s. [[Ouachita Orogeny|Ouachita]] and [[Innuitian orogeny|Innuitian orogenies]] in North America. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe/Asia tapers off. [[Altai Mountains|Altaid]] orogeny in Asia. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] begins (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), forming the [[MacDonnell Ranges]].
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| 254.2 ± 0.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| [[Wuchiapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| 259.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Guadalupian}}"| [[Guadalupian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| [[Capitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| 265.1 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| [[Wordian|Wordian/Kazanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| 268.8 ± 0.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| [[Roadian|Roadian/Ufimian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| 272.3 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Cisuralian}}"| [[Cisuralian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| [[Kungurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| 279.3 ± 0.6
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| [[Artinskian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| 290.1 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| [[Sakmarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| 295.5 ± 0.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| [[Asselian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| 298.9 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Carboniferous}}"| [[Carboniferous|Carbon- iferous]]<ref name="carboniferous">In North America, the Carboniferous is subdivided into [[Mississippian]] and [[Pennsylvanian]] Periods.</ref>
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pennsylvanian}}"| [[Pennsylvanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| [[Gzhelian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Pterygota|Winged insects]] radiate suddenly; some (esp. [[Protodonata]] and [[Palaeodictyoptera]]) are quite large. [[Amphibian]]s common and diverse. First [[reptile]]s and [[coal]] forests ([[Lepidodendron|scale tree]]s, ferns, [[Sigillaria|club tree]]s, [[Calamites|giant horsetail]]s, ''[[Cordaites]]'', etc.). Highest-ever [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[oxygen]] levels. [[Goniatite]]s, brachiopods, bryozoa, bivalves, and corals plentiful in the seas and oceans. Testate [[foram]]s proliferate. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe and Asia. [[Variscan orogeny]] occurs towards middle and late Mississippian Periods.
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| 303.7 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| [[Kasimovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| 307.0 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| [[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| 315.2 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| [[Bashkirian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| 323.2 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mississippian}}"|[[Mississippian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| [[Serpukhovian]]
|rowspan="3"| Large [[Lycopodiophyta|primitive tree]]s, first [[Tetrapoda|land vertebrate]]s, and amphibious [[eurypterid|sea-scorpion]]s live amid [[coal]]-forming coastal [[brackish water|swamp]]s. Lobe-finned [[rhizodont]]s are dominant big fresh-water predators. In the oceans, early [[Chondrichthyes|shark]]s are common and quite diverse; [[echinoderm]]s (especially [[crinoid]]s and [[blastoid]]s) abundant. [[Coral]]s, [[bryozoa]], [[Goniatitida|goniatite]]s and brachiopods ([[Productida]], [[Spiriferida]], etc.) very common, but [[Trilobita|trilobite]]s and [[nautiloid]]s decline. [[Glaciation]] in East [[Gondwana]]. [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| 330.9 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| [[Viséan]]
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| 346.7 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| [[Tournaisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| 358.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Devonian}}"| [[Devonian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Late Devonian}}"| [[Late Devonian|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| [[Famennian]]
|rowspan="7"| First [[Lycopodiopsida|clubmoss]]es, [[Equisetophyta|horsetail]]s and [[fern]]s appear, as do the first [[seed]]-bearing plants ([[progymnosperm]]s), first [[tree]]s (the progymnosperm ''[[Archaeopteris]]''), and first (wingless) [[Insecta|insect]]s. [[Strophomenida|Strophomenid]] and [[Atrypida|atrypid]] [[brachiopod]]s, [[Rugosa|rugose]] and [[Tabulata|tabulate]] corals, and [[crinoid]]s are all abundant in the oceans. [[Goniatite]] [[Ammonite|ammonoids]] are plentiful, while squid-like [[Coleoidea|coleoids]] arise. Trilobites and armoured agnaths decline, while jawed fishes ([[Placodermi|placoderm]]s, [[Sarcopterygii|lobe-finned]] and [[Osteichthyes|ray-finned]] fish, and early [[Chondrichthyes|sharks]]) rule the seas. First [[amphibian]]s still aquatic. "Old Red Continent" of [[Euramerica]]. Beginning of [[Acadian Orogeny]] for [[Atlas Mountains|Anti-Atlas Mountains]] of [[North Africa]], and [[Appalachian Mountains]] of North America, also the [[Antler Orogeny|Antler]], [[Variscan Orogeny|Variscan]], and [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand.
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| 372.2 ± 1.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| [[Frasnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| 382.7 ± 1.6*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Devonian}}"| [[Middle Devonian|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| [[Givetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| 387.7 ± 0.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| [[Eifelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| 393.3 ± 1.2*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Early Devonian}}"| [[Early Devonian|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| [[Emsian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| 407.6 ± 2.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| [[Pragian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| 410.8 ± 2.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| [[Lochkovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| 419.2 ± 3.2*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Silurian}}"| [[Silurian]]
|colspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]]
|rowspan="8"| First [[Vascular plant]]s (the [[rhyniophytes]] and their relatives), first [[millipede]]s and [[Arthropleurida|arthropleurid]]s on land. First [[jawed fish]]es, as well as many [[ostracoderm|armoured]] [[agnatha|jawless fish]], populate the seas. [[Eurypterid|Sea-scorpions]] reach large size. [[Tabulate coral|Tabulate]] and [[Rugosa|rugose]] corals, [[brachiopod]]s (''Pentamerida'', [[Rhynchonellida]], etc.), and [[crinoid]]s all abundant. [[Trilobite]]s and [[mollusk]]s diverse; [[graptolite]]s not as varied. Beginning of [[Caledonian Orogeny]] for hills in England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and the [[Scandinavian Mountains]]. Also continued into Devonian period as the [[Acadian Orogeny]], above. [[Taconic Orogeny]] tapers off. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| 423.0 ± 2.3*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Ludlow}}"| [[Ludlow epoch|Ludlow]]/[[Cayugan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| [[Ludfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| 425.6 ± 0.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| [[Gorstian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| 427.4 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Wenlock}}"| [[Wenlock epoch|Wenlock]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| [[Homerian]]/[[Lockportian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| 430.5 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| [[Sheinwoodian]]/[[Tonawandan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| 433.4 ± 0.8*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Llandovery}}"| [[Llandovery epoch|Llandovery]]/ [[Silurian|Alexandrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| [[Telychian]]/[[Ontarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| 438.5 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| [[Aeronian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| 440.8 ± 1.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| [[Rhuddanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| 443.4 ± 1.5*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Ordovician}}"| [[Ordovician]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Ordovician}}"| [[Late Ordovician|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| [[Hirnantian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Invertebrate]]s diversify into many new types (e.g., long [[orthoconic|straight-shelled]] [[orthocerida|cephalopods]]). Early [[coral]]s, articulate [[brachiopod]]s (''Orthida'', ''Strophomenida'', etc.), [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], [[nautiloid]]s, [[trilobite]]s, [[ostracod]]s, [[bryozoa]], many types of [[echinoderms]] ([[crinoid]]s, [[Cystoidea|cystoids]], [[Asteroidea|starfish]], etc.), branched [[graptolite]]s, and other taxa all common. [[Conodont]]s (early [[plankton]]ic [[vertebrate]]s) appear. First [[Embryophyte|green plant]]s and [[fungus|fungi]] on land. Ice age at end of period.
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| 445.2 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| [[Katian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| 453.0 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| [[Sandbian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| 458.4 ± 0.9*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Ordovician}}"| [[Middle Ordovician|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| [[Darriwilian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| 467.3 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| [[Dapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| 470.0 ± 1.4*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Early Ordovician}}"| [[Early Ordovician|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| [[Floian]] (formerly [[Arenig]])
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| 477.7 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| [[Tremadocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| 485.4 ± 1.9*
|-
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Cambrian}}"| [[Cambrian]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Furongian}}"| [[Furongian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 10]]
|rowspan="10"| Major diversification of life in the [[Cambrian Explosion]]. Numerous fossils; most modern [[Animalia|animal]][[Phylum|phyla]] appear. First [[chordate]]s appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building [[Archaeocyatha]] abundant; then vanish. [[Trilobite]]s, [[priapulid]] worms, [[Porifera|sponges]], inarticulate [[brachiopod]]s (unhinged lampshells), and many other animals numerous. [[Anomalocarid]]s are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. [[Prokaryote]]s, [[protist]]s (e.g., [[foram]]s), [[fungus|fungi]] and [[algae]] continue to present day. [[Gondwana]] emerges. [[Petermann Orogeny]] on the [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off (550–535 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]). Ross Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]], majority of orogenic activity from 514–500[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], c. 540–440[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 content roughly 20–35 times present-day ([[Holocene]]) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 385 ppmv)<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| c. 489.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| [[Jiangshanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| c. 494*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| [[Paibian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| c. 497*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Series 3}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| [[Guzhangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| c. 500.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| [[Drumian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| c. 504.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 5]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| c. 509
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Series 2}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 4]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| c. 514
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| c. 521
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Terreneuvian}}"| [[Terreneuvian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| [[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| c. 529
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| [[Fortunian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| 541.0 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="18" style="background:{{period color|Precambrian}}"| [[Precambrian|Precam- brian]]<ref name="aka-cryptozoic">The [[Precambrian]] is also known as Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Proterozoic}}"| [[Proterozoic|Proter- ozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time">The [[Proterozoic]], [[Archean]] and [[Hadean]] are often collectively referred to as the [[Precambrian|Precambrian Time]] or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Neoproterozoic}}"| [[Neoproterozoic|Neo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| [[Ediacaran]]
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled animal]]s. [[Ediacaran biota]] flourish worldwide in seas. Simple [[trace fossil]]s of possible worm-like ''[[Trichophycus pedum|Trichophycus]]'', etc. First [[Porifera|sponge]]s and [[Trilobita|trilobitomorph]]s. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like''[[Dickinsonia]]''). [[Taconic Orogeny]] in North America. [[Aravalli Range]] [[orogeny]] in [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Beginning of [[Petermann Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]]. Beardmore Orogeny in Antarctica, 633–620[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| c. 635*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| [[Cryogenian]]
|colspan="3"| Possible "[[Snowball Earth]]" period. [[Fossil]]s still rare. [[Rodinia]] landmass begins to break up. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| 850<ref name="absolute-age">Defined by absolute age ([[Global Standard Stratigraphic Age]]).</ref>
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| [[Tonian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Rodinia]] supercontinent persists. [[Trace fossil]]s of simple [[multicellular|multi-celled]] [[Eukaryota|eukaryote]]s. First radiation of [[dinoflagellate]]-like [[acritarch]]s. [[Grenville Orogeny]] tapers off in North America. [[Pan-African orogeny]] in Africa. Lake Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica, 1000 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Edmundian Orogeny (c. 920 - 850[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Gascoyne Complex]], Western Australia. [[Adelaide Geosyncline]] laid down on [[Australia (continent)|Australian Continent]], beginning of [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]] in that continent.
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| 1000<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mesoproterozoic}}"| [[Mesoproterozoic|Meso- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| [[Stenian]]
|colspan="3"| Narrow highly [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] belts due to [[orogeny]] as [[Rodinia]] forms. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica possibly begins. Musgrave Orogeny (c. 1080 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Musgrave Block]], [[Central Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| 1200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| [[Ectasian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s continue to expand. [[Green algae]] [[colony (biology)|colonies]] in the seas. [[Grenville Orogeny]] in North America.
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| 1400<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| [[Calymmian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s expand. Barramundi Orogeny, [[McArthur Basin]], [[Northern Australia]], and Isan Orogeny, [[circa|c.]]1600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], Mount Isa Block, Queensland
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| 1600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Paleoproterozoic}}"| [[Paleoproterozoic|Paleo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| [[Statherian]]
|colspan="3"| First [[Eukaryote|complex single-celled life]]: [[protist]]s with nuclei. [[Columbia (supercontinent)|Columbia]] is the primordial supercontinent. Kimban Orogeny in Australian Continent ends. Yapungku Orogeny on [[Yilgarn craton]], in Western Australia. Mangaroon Orogeny, 1680–1620 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], on the [[Gascoyne Complex]] in Western Australia. Kararan Orogeny (1650-[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), Gawler Craton, [[South Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| 1800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| [[Orosirian]]
|colspan="3"| The [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] becomes [[oxygen]]ic. [[Vredefort crater|Vredefort]] and [[Sudbury Basin]] asteroid impacts. Much [[orogeny]]. [[Penokean orogeny|Penokean]] and [[Trans-Hudsonian Orogeny|Trans-Hudsonian Orogenies]] in North America. Early Ruker Orogeny in Antarctica, 2000 - 1700 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Glenburgh Orogeny, [[Gascoyne Complex|Glenburgh Terrane]], [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] [[circa|c.]] 2005–1920 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. Kimban Orogeny, [[Gawler craton]] in Australian Continent begins.
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| 2050<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| [[Rhyacian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Bushveld Igneous Complex]] forms. [[Huronian]] glaciation.
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| 2300<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| [[Siderian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Oxygen catastrophe]]: [[banded iron formation]]s forms. Sleaford Orogeny on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], [[Gawler Craton]] 2440–2420 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| 2500<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Archean}}"| [[Archean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| [[Neoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| Stabilization of most modern [[craton]]s; possible [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]] overturn event. Insell Orogeny, 2650 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Abitibi greenstone belt]] in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] begins to form, stablizes by 2600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| 2800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| [[Mesoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First [[stromatolite]]s (probably [[colony (biology)|colonial]] [[cyanobacteria]]). Oldest [[macrofossil]]s. Humboldt Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Blake River Megacaldera Complex]] begins to form in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], ends by roughly 2696[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| 3200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| [[Paleoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First known [[phototroph|oxygen-producing]] [[bacteria]]. Oldest definitive [[microfossils]]. Oldest [[craton]]s on Earth (such as the [[Canadian Shield]] and the [[Pilbara Craton]]) may have formed during this period<ref name="Oldest-craton">The age of the oldest measurable [[craton]], or [[continental crust]], is dated to 3600–3800 Ma</ref>. Rayner Orogeny in Antarctica.
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| 3600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| [[Eoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| 4000
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Hadean]] <ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="hadeon-not-formal">Though commonly used, the [[Hadean]] is not a formal eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the [[lunar geologic time scale]]. These eras include the [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]] and [[Basin Groups]] (which are subdivisions of the [[Pre-Nectarian]] era), [[Nectarian]], and [[Early Imbrian]] units.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Early Imbrian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names">These unit names were taken from the [[Lunar geologic timescale]] and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial. Note that their start times do not dovetail perfectly with the later, terrestrially defined boundaries.</ref>
|colspan="4"| Indirect [[photosynthetic]] evidence (e.g., [[kerogen]]) of primordial life. This era overlaps the end of the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] of the [[inner solar system|inner]] [[solar system]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4100
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Nectarian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| This unit gets its name from the [[lunar geologic timescale]] when the [[Nectaris Basin]] and other greater [[lunar basin]]s form by big [[impact event]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4300
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Basin Groups]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known rock (4030 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])<ref name="Oldest-rock">{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004100050465|title=Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada|year=1999|author=Bowring, Samuel A.|journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=134|issue=1|pages=3|last2=Williams|first2=Ian S.|bibcode=1999CoMP..134....3B}} The oldest rock on Earth is the [[Acasta Gneiss]], and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada.</ref>. The first [[organism|life form]]s and [[self-replication|self-replicating]] [[RNA]] [[molecule]]s evolve around 4000 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], after the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] ends on Earth. [[Napier_Mountains|Napier]] Orogeny in Antarctica, 4000 ± 200 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4500
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4404 ± 8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]](4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4567
|}</div>
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[[Category:Historical period templates|Geologic time scale]]
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Template:Geologic time scale

2013-08-19T01:37:40Z

24.218.110.195:

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<div class="NavHead" style="background-color:#ccccff">{{Tnavbar-collapsible | [[Geologic time scale]] | Geologic time scale}}</div>
<div class="NavContent">

{| class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"
|-
! [[Supereon (geology)|Supereon]]
! [[Eon (geology)|Eon]]
! [[Era (geology)|Era]]
! [[Period (geology)|Period]]<ref name="faunal-stages">Paleontologists often refer to [[faunal stage]]s rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent time-ordered list of faunal stages, see {{cite web|url=http://flatpebble.nceas.ucsb.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=startScale| title=The Paleobiology Database| accessdate=2006-03-19}}</ref>
! [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]]
! [[Age (geology)|Age]]<ref name="uncertain-dates" />
! Major events
! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2012 time scale. Where errors are not quoted, errors are less than the precision of the age given. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
|-
|rowspan="100" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a<ref>References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.</ref>
|rowspan="100" style="background:{{period color|Phanerozoic}}"| [[Phanerozoic]]
|rowspan="22" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
|rowspan="5" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| [[Quaternary]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| [[Holocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"|
[[Chronozone|chrons]]: [[Subatlantic]]{{·}}[[Subboreal]]{{·}}[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]{{·}}[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]{{·}}[[Preboreal]]
|rowspan="1" | [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins. [[Stone Age]] cultures give way to [[Bronze Age]] (3300 BC) and [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere|CO2]] levels rise from around 280 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) to the current level of 390 ppmv.<ref name="Royer">{{cite journal |last=Royer |title={{CO2}}-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic |journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |volume=70 |pages=5665–75 |year=2006 |url=http://droyer.web.wesleyan.edu/PhanCO2%28GCA%29.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031 |first1=Dana L. |issue=23|bibcode = 2006GeCoA..70.5665R }}</ref><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see [[Atmosphere of Earth#Evolution of Earth's atmosphere]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], and [[climate change]]. Specific graphs of reconstructed CO2 levels over the past ~550, 65, and 5 million years can be seen at [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]], respectively.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| 0.0117<ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,700]] [[before present|years ago]]. For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| [[Pleistocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| [[Late Pleistocene|Late]] (locally [[Tarantian]]{{·}}[[Tyrrhenian Stage|Tyrrhenian]]{{·}}[[Eemian]]{{·}}[[Sangamonian Stage|Sangamonian]])
|rowspan="4"| Flourishing and then extinction of many large [[mammal]]s ([[Pleistocene megafauna]]). Evolution of anatomically modern [[human]]s. [[Last glacial period|Quaternary Ice Age]] continues with [[glaciations]] and [[interstadial]]s (and the accompanying fluctuations from 100 to 300 ppmv in [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] CO2 levels<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />), further intensification of [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] conditions, roughly 1.6 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Last glacial maximum]] (30000 [[before present|years ago]]), [[last glacial period]] (18000–15000 years ago). Dawn of human [[Lower Paleolithic#Cultures|stone-age cultures]], with [[Middle Paleolithic#Cultures|increasing technical complexity]] relative to previous ice age cultures, such as [[Upper Paleolithic#Cultures|engravings and clay statues]] (e.g. [[Venus of Lespugue]]), particularly in the [[Mediterranean]] and Europe. [[Lake Toba]] [[supervolcano]] erupts 75000 years before present, causing a [[volcanic winter]] that [[Toba catastrophe theory|pushes humanity to the brink of extinction]]. Pleistocene ends with [[Oldest Dryas]], [[Older Dryas]]/[[Allerød Oscillation|Allerød]] and [[Younger Dryas]] climate events, with Younger Dryas forming the boundary with the Holocene.
|style="background:{{period color|upper
Pleistocene}}"| 0.126
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] (formerly Ionian)
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| 0.781
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| [[Early Pleistocene|Calabrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| 1.806*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| [[Gelasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| 2.588*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| [[Neogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]
|rowspan="1" style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| [[Piacenzian]]/[[Blancan]]
|rowspan="2"| Intensification of present [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse conditions]], [[Quaternary glaciation|present (Quaternary) ice age]] begins roughly 2.58 Ma; cool and dry [[climate]]. [[Australopithecine]]s, many of the existing genera of mammals, and recent [[mollusk]]s appear. ''[[Homo habilis]]'' appears.
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| 3.600*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| [[Zanclean]]
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| 5.333*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| [[Messinian]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate Icehouse climate]], puncuated by [[ice age]]s; [[Orogeny]] in [[northern hemisphere]]. Modern [[mammal]] and [[bird]] families become recognizable. [[Equidae|Horses]] and [[mastodon]]s diverse. [[Grass]]es become ubiquitous. First [[ape]]s appear (for reference see the article: "[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]"). [[Kaikoura Orogeny]] forms [[Southern Alps]] in New Zealand, continues today. Orogeny of the Alps in Europe slows, but continues to this day. [[Carpathian orogeny]] forms [[Carpathian Mountains]] in [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. [[Hellenic orogeny]] in Greece and Aegean Sea slows, but continues to this day. [[Middle Miocene Disruption]] occurs. Widespread forests slowly [[photosynthesis|draw in]] massive amounts of CO2, gradually lowering the level of atmospheric CO2 from 650 ppmv down to around 100 ppmv.<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| 7.246*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| [[Tortonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| 11.62*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| [[Serravallian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| 13.82*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| [[Langhian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| 15.97
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| [[Burdigalian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| 20.44
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| [[Aquitanian age|Aquitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| 23.03*
|-
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| [[Paleogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| [[Chattian]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Warm but cooling climate]], moving towards Icehouse; Rapid [[evolution]] and diversification of fauna, especially [[mammal]]s. Major evolution and dispersal of modern types of [[flowering plant]]s
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| 28.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| [[Rupelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| 33.9*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| [[Priabonian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate, cooling climate]]. Archaic [[mammal]]s (e.g. [[Creodont]]s, [[Condylarth]]s, [[Uintatheriidae|Uintatheres]], etc) flourish and continue to develop during the epoch. Appearance of several "modern" mammal families. Primitive [[Cetacea|whales]] diversify. First [[grass]]es. Reglaciation of Antarctica and formation of its [[ice cap]]; [[Azolla event]] triggers [[ice age]], and the [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] climate that would follow it to this day, from the settlement and decay of [[seafloor]] [[algae]] drawing in massive amounts of atmospheric [[carbon dioxide]],<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" /> lowering it from 3800 [[parts per million|ppmv]] down to 650 ppmv. End of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]] in North America. [[Orogeny]] of the [[Alps]] in Europe begins. [[Hellenic Orogeny]] begins in Greece and [[Aegean Sea]].
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| 38.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| [[Bartonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| 41.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| [[Lutetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| 47.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| [[Ypresian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| 56.0*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| [[Thanetian]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Climate tropical]]. Modern [[plant]]s appear; [[Mammal]]s diversify into a number of primitive lineages following the extinction of the dinosaurs. First large mammals (up to [[bear]] or small [[hippopotamus|hippo]] size). [[Alpine orogeny]] in Europe and Asia begins. [[Indian Subcontinent]] collides with Asia 55 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], [[Geology of the Himalaya|Himalayan Orogeny]] starts between 52 and 48 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| 59.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| [[Selandian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| 61.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| [[Danian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| 66.0*
|-
|rowspan="30" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| [[Mesozoic]]
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Late Cretaceous}}"| [[Late Cretaceous|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| [[Maastrichtian]]
|rowspan="12"| [[Flowering plant]]s proliferate, along with new types of [[insect]]s. More modern [[teleost]] fish begin to appear. [[Ammonoidea]], [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]], [[rudist]] [[Bivalvia|bivalve]]s, [[Echinoidea|echinoid]]s and [[Porifera|sponges]] all common. Many new types of [[dinosaur]]s (e.g. [[Tyrannosauridae|Tyrannosaurs]], [[Titanosauridae|Titanosaurs]], [[Hadrosauridae|duck bills]], and [[Ceratopsidae|horned dinosaurs]]) evolve on land, as do [[Eusuchia]] ([[Crocodilia|modern crocodilians]]); and [[mosasaur]]s and modern [[shark]]s appear in the sea. Primitive [[bird]]s gradually replace [[pterosaurs]]. [[Monotremes]], [[marsupial]]s and [[Eutheria|placental]] mammals appear. Break up of [[Gondwana]]. Beginning of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier Orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 close to present-day levels.
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| 72.1 ± 0.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| [[Campanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| 83.6 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| [[Santonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| 86.3 ± 0.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| [[Coniacian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| 89.8 ± 0.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| [[Turonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| 93.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| [[Cenomanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| 100.5*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Early Cretaceous}}"| [[Early Cretaceous|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| [[Albian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| c. 113.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| [[Aptian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| c. 125.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| [[Barremian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| c. 129.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| [[Hauterivian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| c. 132.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| [[Valanginian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| c. 139.8
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| [[Berriasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| c. 145.0
|-
|rowspan="11" style="background:{{period color|Jurassic}}"| [[Jurassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Jurassic}}"| [[Late Jurassic|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| [[Tithonian]]
|rowspan="11"| [[Gymnosperm]]s (especially [[conifer]]s, [[Bennettitales]] and [[cycad]]s) and [[fern]]s common. Many types of [[dinosaur]]s, such as [[sauropod]]s, [[carnosaur]]s, and [[stegosaur]]s. Mammals common but small. First [[bird]]s and [[Squamata|lizards]]. [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[plesiosaur]]s diverse. [[Bivalvia|Bivalve]]s, [[Ammonite]]s and [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]] abundant. [[Sea urchin]]s very common, along with [[crinoid]]s, starfish, [[Porifera|sponges]], and [[Terebratulida|terebratulid]] and [[Rhynchonellida|rhynchonellid]] [[brachiopod]]s. Breakup of [[Pangaea]] into [[Gondwana]] and [[Laurasia]]. [[Nevadan orogeny]] in North America. [[Rangitata Orogeny|Rantigata]] and [[Cimmerian Orogeny|Cimmerian Orogenies]] taper off. Atmospheric CO2 levels 4–5 times the present day levels (1200–1500 ppmv, compared to today's 385 ppmv<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />).
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| 152.1 ± 0.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| [[Kimmeridgian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| 157.3 ± 1.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| [[Oxfordian stage|Oxfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| 163.5 ± 1.0
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Middle Jurassic}}"| [[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| [[Callovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| 166.1 ± 1.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| [[Bathonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| 168.3 ± 1.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| [[Bajocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| 170.3 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| [[Aalenian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| 174.1 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Early Jurassic}}"| [[Early Jurassic|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| [[Toarcian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| 182.7 ± 0.7
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| [[Pliensbachian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| 190.8 ± 1.0*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| [[Sinemurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| 199.3 ± 0.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| [[Hettangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| 201.3 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Triassic}}"| [[Triassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Triassic}}"| [[Late Triassic|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| [[Rhaetian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Archosaur]]s dominant on land as [[dinosaur]]s, in the oceans as [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[nothosaur]]s, and in the air as [[pterosaur]]s. [[Cynodont]]s become smaller and more mammal-like, while first [[mammal]]s and [[crocodilia]] appear. ''[[Dicroidium]]''flora common on land. Many large aquatic [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] amphibians. [[Ammonite|Ceratitic ammonoids]] extremely common. [[Scleractinia|Modern corals]] and [[teleost]] fish appear, as do many modern [[insect]] clades. [[Andes Mountains|Andean Orogeny]] in South America. [[Cimmerian Orogeny]] in Asia. [[Rangitata Orogeny]] begins in New Zealand. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] in [[Northern Australia]], Queensland and [[New South Wales]] ends, (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| c. 208.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| [[Norian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| c. 228
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| [[Carnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| c. 235*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Triassic}}"| [[Middle Triassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| [[Ladinian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| c. 242*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| [[Anisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| 247.2
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Early Triassic}}"| [[Early Triassic|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| [[Olenekian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| 251.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| [[Induan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| 252.2 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="48" style="background:{{period color|Paleozoic}}"| [[Paleozoic]]
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Permian}}"| [[Permian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Lopingian}}"| [[Lopingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| [[Changhsingian]]
|rowspan="9"| [[Landmass]]es unite into [[supercontinent]] [[Pangaea]], creating the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian]]s. End of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. [[Synapsida|Synapsid]] [[Reptilia|reptile]]s ([[pelycosaur]]s and [[therapsid]]s) become plentiful, while [[parareptile]]s and [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] [[Amphibian|amphibians]] remain common. In the mid-Permian, [[coal]]-age flora are replaced by [[Conifer cone|cone]]-bearing [[gymnosperm]]s (the first true [[seed plants]]) and by the first true [[moss]]es. [[Beetles]] and [[Fly|flies]] evolve. Marine life flourishes in warm shallow reefs; [[Productida|productid]] and [[Spiriferida|spiriferid]] brachiopods, bivalves, [[foraminifera|foram]]s, and [[orthocerid|ammonoid]]s all abundant. [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]] occurs 251[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]: 95% of life on Earth becomes extinct, including all [[trilobite]]s, [[graptolite]]s, and [[blastoid]]s. [[Ouachita Orogeny|Ouachita]] and [[Innuitian orogeny|Innuitian orogenies]] in North America. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe/Asia tapers off. [[Altai Mountains|Altaid]] orogeny in Asia. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] begins (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), forming the [[MacDonnell Ranges]].
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| 254.2 ± 0.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| [[Wuchiapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| 259.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Guadalupian}}"| [[Guadalupian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| [[Capitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| 265.1 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| [[Wordian|Wordian/Kazanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| 268.8 ± 0.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| [[Roadian|Roadian/Ufimian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| 272.3 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Cisuralian}}"| [[Cisuralian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| [[Kungurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| 279.3 ± 0.6
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| [[Artinskian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| 290.1 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| [[Sakmarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| 295.5 ± 0.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| [[Asselian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| 298.9 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Carboniferous}}"| [[Carboniferous|Carbon- iferous]]<ref name="carboniferous">In North America, the Carboniferous is subdivided into [[Mississippian]] and [[Pennsylvanian]] Periods.</ref>
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pennsylvanian}}"| [[Pennsylvanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| [[Gzhelian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Pterygota|Winged insects]] radiate suddenly; some (esp. [[Protodonata]] and [[Palaeodictyoptera]]) are quite large. [[Amphibian]]s common and diverse. First [[reptile]]s and [[coal]] forests ([[Lepidodendron|scale tree]]s, ferns, [[Sigillaria|club tree]]s, [[Calamites|giant horsetail]]s, ''[[Cordaites]]'', etc.). Highest-ever [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[oxygen]] levels. [[Goniatite]]s, brachiopods, bryozoa, bivalves, and corals plentiful in the seas and oceans. Testate [[foram]]s proliferate. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe and Asia. [[Variscan orogeny]] occurs towards middle and late Mississippian Periods.
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| 303.7 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| [[Kasimovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| 307.0 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| [[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| 315.2 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| [[Bashkirian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| 323.2 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mississippian}}"|[[Mississippian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| [[Serpukhovian]]
|rowspan="3"| Large [[Lycopodiophyta|primitive tree]]s, first [[Tetrapoda|land vertebrate]]s, and amphibious [[eurypterid|sea-scorpion]]s live amid [[coal]]-forming coastal [[brackish water|swamp]]s. Lobe-finned [[rhizodont]]s are dominant big fresh-water predators. In the oceans, early [[Chondrichthyes|shark]]s are common and quite diverse; [[echinoderm]]s (especially [[crinoid]]s and [[blastoid]]s) abundant. [[Coral]]s, [[bryozoa]], [[Goniatitida|goniatite]]s and brachiopods ([[Productida]], [[Spiriferida]], etc.) very common, but [[Trilobita|trilobite]]s and [[nautiloid]]s decline. [[Glaciation]] in East [[Gondwana]]. [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| 330.9 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| [[Viséan]]
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| 346.7 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| [[Tournaisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| 358.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Devonian}}"| [[Devonian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Late Devonian}}"| [[Late Devonian|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| [[Famennian]]
|rowspan="7"| First [[Lycopodiopsida|clubmoss]]es, [[Equisetophyta|horsetail]]s and [[fern]]s appear, as do the first [[seed]]-bearing plants ([[progymnosperm]]s), first [[tree]]s (the progymnosperm ''[[Archaeopteris]]''), and first (wingless) [[Insecta|insect]]s. [[Strophomenida|Strophomenid]] and [[Atrypida|atrypid]] [[brachiopod]]s, [[Rugosa|rugose]] and [[Tabulata|tabulate]] corals, and [[crinoid]]s are all abundant in the oceans. [[Goniatite]] [[Ammonite|ammonoids]] are plentiful, while squid-like [[Coleoidea|coleoids]] arise. Trilobites and armoured agnaths decline, while jawed fishes ([[Placodermi|placoderm]]s, [[Sarcopterygii|lobe-finned]] and [[Osteichthyes|ray-finned]] fish, and early [[Chondrichthyes|sharks]]) rule the seas. First [[amphibian]]s still aquatic. "Old Red Continent" of [[Euramerica]]. Beginning of [[Acadian Orogeny]] for [[Atlas Mountains|Anti-Atlas Mountains]] of [[North Africa]], and [[Appalachian Mountains]] of North America, also the [[Antler Orogeny|Antler]], [[Variscan Orogeny|Variscan]], and [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand.
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| 372.2 ± 1.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| [[Frasnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| 382.7 ± 1.6*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Devonian}}"| [[Middle Devonian|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| [[Givetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| 387.7 ± 0.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| [[Eifelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| 393.3 ± 1.2*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Early Devonian}}"| [[Early Devonian|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| [[Emsian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| 407.6 ± 2.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| [[Pragian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| 410.8 ± 2.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| [[Lochkovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| 419.2 ± 3.2*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Silurian}}"| [[Silurian]]
|colspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]]
|rowspan="8"| First [[Vascular plant]]s (the [[rhyniophytes]] and their relatives), first [[millipede]]s and [[Arthropleurida|arthropleurid]]s on land. First [[jawed fish]]es, as well as many [[ostracoderm|armoured]] [[agnatha|jawless fish]], populate the seas. [[Eurypterid|Sea-scorpions]] reach large size. [[Tabulate coral|Tabulate]] and [[Rugosa|rugose]] corals, [[brachiopod]]s (''Pentamerida'', [[Rhynchonellida]], etc.), and [[crinoid]]s all abundant. [[Trilobite]]s and [[mollusk]]s diverse; [[graptolite]]s not as varied. Beginning of [[Caledonian Orogeny]] for hills in England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and the [[Scandinavian Mountains]]. Also continued into Devonian period as the [[Acadian Orogeny]], above. [[Taconic Orogeny]] tapers off. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| 423.0 ± 2.3*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Ludlow}}"| [[Ludlow epoch|Ludlow]]/[[Cayugan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| [[Ludfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| 425.6 ± 0.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| [[Gorstian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| 427.4 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Wenlock}}"| [[Wenlock epoch|Wenlock]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| [[Homerian]]/[[Lockportian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| 430.5 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| [[Sheinwoodian]]/[[Tonawandan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| 433.4 ± 0.8*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Llandovery}}"| [[Llandovery epoch|Llandovery]]/ [[Silurian|Alexandrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| [[Telychian]]/[[Ontarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| 438.5 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| [[Aeronian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| 440.8 ± 1.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| [[Rhuddanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| 443.4 ± 1.5*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Ordovician}}"| [[Ordovician]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Ordovician}}"| [[Late Ordovician|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| [[Hirnantian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Invertebrate]]s diversify into many new types (e.g., long [[orthoconic|straight-shelled]] [[orthocerida|cephalopods]]). Early [[coral]]s, articulate [[brachiopod]]s (''Orthida'', ''Strophomenida'', etc.), [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], [[nautiloid]]s, [[trilobite]]s, [[ostracod]]s, [[bryozoa]], many types of [[echinoderms]] ([[crinoid]]s, [[Cystoidea|cystoids]], [[Asteroidea|starfish]], etc.), branched [[graptolite]]s, and other taxa all common. [[Conodont]]s (early [[plankton]]ic [[vertebrate]]s) appear. First [[Embryophyte|green plant]]s and [[fungus|fungi]] on land. Ice age at end of period.
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| 445.2 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| [[Katian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| 453.0 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| [[Sandbian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| 458.4 ± 0.9*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Ordovician}}"| [[Middle Ordovician|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| [[Darriwilian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| 467.3 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| [[Dapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| 470.0 ± 1.4*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Early Ordovician}}"| [[Early Ordovician|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| [[Floian]] (formerly [[Arenig]])
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| 477.7 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| [[Tremadocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| 485.4 ± 1.9*
|-
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Cambrian}}"| [[Cambrian]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Furongian}}"| [[Furongian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 10]]
|rowspan="10"| Major diversification of life in the [[Cambrian Explosion]]. Numerous fossils; most modern [[Animalia|animal]][[Phylum|phyla]] appear. First [[chordate]]s appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building [[Archaeocyatha]] abundant; then vanish. [[Trilobite]]s, [[priapulid]] worms, [[Porifera|sponges]], inarticulate [[brachiopod]]s (unhinged lampshells), and many other animals numerous. [[Anomalocarid]]s are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. [[Prokaryote]]s, [[protist]]s (e.g., [[foram]]s), [[fungus|fungi]] and [[algae]] continue to present day. [[Gondwana]] emerges. [[Petermann Orogeny]] on the [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off (550–535 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]). Ross Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]], majority of orogenic activity from 514–500[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], c. 540–440[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 content roughly 20–35 times present-day ([[Holocene]]) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 385 ppmv)<ref name="Royer" /><ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| c. 489.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| [[Jiangshanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| c. 494*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| [[Paibian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| c. 497*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Series 3}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| [[Guzhangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| c. 500.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| [[Drumian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| c. 504.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 5]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| c. 509
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Series 2}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 4]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| c. 514
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| c. 521
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Terreneuvian}}"| [[Terreneuvian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| [[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| c. 529
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| [[Fortunian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| 541.0 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="18" style="background:{{period color|Precambrian}}"| [[Precambrian|Precam- brian]]<ref name="aka-cryptozoic">The [[Precambrian]] is also known as Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Proterozoic}}"| [[Proterozoic|Proter- ozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time">The [[Proterozoic]], [[Archean]] and [[Hadean]] are often collectively referred to as the [[Precambrian|Precambrian Time]] or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Neoproterozoic}}"| [[Neoproterozoic|Neo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| [[Ediacaran]]
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled animal]]s. [[Ediacaran biota]] flourish worldwide in seas. Simple [[trace fossil]]s of possible worm-like ''[[Trichophycus pedum|Trichophycus]]'', etc. First [[Porifera|sponge]]s and [[Trilobita|trilobitomorph]]s. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like''[[Dickinsonia]]''). [[Taconic Orogeny]] in North America. [[Aravalli Range]] [[orogeny]] in [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Beginning of [[Petermann Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]]. Beardmore Orogeny in Antarctica, 633–620[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| c. 635*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| [[Cryogenian]]
|colspan="3"| Possible "[[Snowball Earth]]" period. [[Fossil]]s still rare. [[Rodinia]] landmass begins to break up. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| 850<ref name="absolute-age">Defined by absolute age ([[Global Standard Stratigraphic Age]]).</ref>
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| [[Tonian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Rodinia]] supercontinent persists. [[Trace fossil]]s of simple [[multicellular|multi-celled]] [[Eukaryota|eukaryote]]s. First radiation of [[dinoflagellate]]-like [[acritarch]]s. [[Grenville Orogeny]] tapers off in North America. [[Pan-African orogeny]] in Africa. Lake Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica, 1000 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Edmundian Orogeny (c. 920 - 850[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Gascoyne Complex]], Western Australia. [[Adelaide Geosyncline]] laid down on [[Australia (continent)|Australian Continent]], beginning of [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]] in that continent.
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| 1000<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mesoproterozoic}}"| [[Mesoproterozoic|Meso- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| [[Stenian]]
|colspan="3"| Narrow highly [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] belts due to [[orogeny]] as [[Rodinia]] forms. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica possibly begins. Musgrave Orogeny (c. 1080 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Musgrave Block]], [[Central Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| 1200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| [[Ectasian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s continue to expand. [[Green algae]] [[colony (biology)|colonies]] in the seas. [[Grenville Orogeny]] in North America.
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| 1400<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| [[Calymmian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s expand. Barramundi Orogeny, [[McArthur Basin]], [[Northern Australia]], and Isan Orogeny, [[circa|c.]]1600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], Mount Isa Block, Queensland
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| 1600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Paleoproterozoic}}"| [[Paleoproterozoic|Paleo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| [[Statherian]]
|colspan="3"| First [[Eukaryote|complex single-celled life]]: [[protist]]s with nuclei. [[Columbia (supercontinent)|Columbia]] is the primordial supercontinent. Kimban Orogeny in Australian Continent ends. Yapungku Orogeny on [[Yilgarn craton]], in Western Australia. Mangaroon Orogeny, 1680–1620 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], on the [[Gascoyne Complex]] in Western Australia. Kararan Orogeny (1650-[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), Gawler Craton, [[South Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| 1800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| [[Orosirian]]
|colspan="3"| The [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] becomes [[oxygen]]ic. [[Vredefort crater|Vredefort]] and [[Sudbury Basin]] asteroid impacts. Much [[orogeny]]. [[Penokean orogeny|Penokean]] and [[Trans-Hudsonian Orogeny|Trans-Hudsonian Orogenies]] in North America. Early Ruker Orogeny in Antarctica, 2000 - 1700 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Glenburgh Orogeny, [[Gascoyne Complex|Glenburgh Terrane]], [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] [[circa|c.]] 2005–1920 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. Kimban Orogeny, [[Gawler craton]] in Australian Continent begins.
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| 2050<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| [[Rhyacian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Bushveld Igneous Complex]] forms. [[Huronian]] glaciation.
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| 2300<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| [[Siderian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Oxygen catastrophe]]: [[banded iron formation]]s forms. Sleaford Orogeny on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], [[Gawler Craton]] 2440–2420 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| 2500<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Archean}}"| [[Archean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| [[Neoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| Stabilization of most modern [[craton]]s; possible [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]] overturn event. Insell Orogeny, 2650 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Abitibi greenstone belt]] in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] begins to form, stablizes by 2600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| 2800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| [[Mesoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First [[stromatolite]]s (probably [[colony (biology)|colonial]] [[cyanobacteria]]). Oldest [[macrofossil]]s. Humboldt Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Blake River Megacaldera Complex]] begins to form in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], ends by roughly 2696[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| 3200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| [[Paleoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First known [[phototroph|oxygen-producing]] [[bacteria]]. Oldest definitive [[microfossils]]. Oldest [[craton]]s on Earth (such as the [[Canadian Shield]] and the [[Pilbara Craton]]) may have formed during this period<ref name="Oldest-craton">The age of the oldest measurable [[craton]], or [[continental crust]], is dated to 3600–3800 Ma</ref>. Rayner Orogeny in Antarctica.
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| 3600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| [[Eoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| 4000
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Hadean]] <ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="hadeon-not-formal">Though commonly used, the [[Hadean]] is not a formal eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the [[lunar geologic time scale]]. These eras include the [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]] and [[Basin Groups]] (which are subdivisions of the [[Pre-Nectarian]] era), [[Nectarian]], and [[Early Imbrian]] units.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Early Imbrian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names">These unit names were taken from the [[Lunar geologic timescale]] and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial. Note that their start times do not dovetail perfectly with the later, terrestrially defined boundaries.</ref>
|colspan="4"| Indirect [[photosynthetic]] evidence (e.g., [[kerogen]]) of primordial life. This era overlaps the end of the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] of the [[inner solar system|inner]] [[solar system]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4100
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Nectarian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| This unit gets its name from the [[lunar geologic timescale]] when the [[Nectaris Basin]] and other greater [[lunar basin]]s form by big [[impact event]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4300
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Basin Groups]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known rock (4030 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])<ref name="Oldest-rock">{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004100050465|title=Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada|year=1999|author=Bowring, Samuel A.|journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=134|issue=1|pages=3|last2=Williams|first2=Ian S.|bibcode=1999CoMP..134....3B}} The oldest rock on Earth is the [[Acasta Gneiss]], and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada.</ref>. The first [[organism|life form]]s and [[self-replication|self-replicating]] [[RNA]] [[molecule]]s evolve around 4000 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], after the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] ends on Earth. [[Napier_Mountains|Napier]] Orogeny in Antarctica, 4000 ± 200 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4500
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4404 ± 8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]](4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4567
|}</div>
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[[Category:Historical period templates|Geologic time scale]]
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Template:Geologic time scale

2013-08-11T02:43:08Z

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<div class="NavHead" style="background-color:#ccccff">{{Tnavbar-collapsible | [[Geologic time scale]] | Geologic time scale}}</div>
<div class="NavContent">

{| class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"
|-
! [[Supereon (geology)|Supereon]]
! [[Eon (geology)|Eon]]
! [[Era (geology)|Era]]
! [[Period (geology)|Period]]<ref name="faunal-stages">Paleontologists often refer to [[faunal stage]]s rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent time-ordered list of faunal stages, see {{cite web|url=http://flatpebble.nceas.ucsb.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=startScale| title=The Paleobiology Database| accessdate=2006-03-19}}</ref>
! [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]]
! [[Age (geology)|Age]]<ref name="uncertain-dates" />
! Major events
! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2012 time scale. Where errors are not quoted, errors are less than the precision of the age given. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
|-
|rowspan="100" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a<ref>References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.</ref>
|rowspan="100" style="background:{{period color|Phanerozoic}}"| [[Phanerozoic]]
|rowspan="22" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
|rowspan="5" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| [[Quaternary]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| [[Holocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"|
[[Chronozone|chrons]]: [[Subatlantic]]{{·}}[[Subboreal]]{{·}}[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]{{·}}[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]{{·}}[[Preboreal]]
|rowspan="1" | [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins. [[Stone Age]] cultures give way to [[Bronze Age]] (3300 BC) and [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere|CO2]] levels rise from around 280 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) to the current level of 390 ppmv.<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see the following articles: [[Earth's atmosphere]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], [[global warming]], [[climate change]], [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]]</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| 0.0117<ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,700]] [[before present|years ago]]. For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| [[Pleistocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| [[Late Pleistocene|Late]] (locally [[Tarantian]]{{·}}[[Tyrrhenian Stage|Tyrrhenian]]{{·}}[[Eemian]]{{·}}[[Sangamonian Stage|Sangamonian]])
|rowspan="4"| Flourishing and then extinction of many large [[mammal]]s ([[Pleistocene megafauna]]). Evolution of anatomically modern [[human]]s. [[Last glacial period|Quaternary Ice Age]] continues with [[glaciations]] and [[interstadial]]s (and the accompanying fluctuations from 100 to 300 ppmv in [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] CO2 levels<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />), further intensification of [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] conditions, roughly 1.6 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Last glacial maximum]] (30000 [[before present|years ago]]), [[last glacial period]] (18000–15000 years ago). Dawn of human [[Lower Paleolithic#Cultures|stone-age cultures]], with [[Middle Paleolithic#Cultures|increasing technical complexity]] relative to previous ice age cultures, such as [[Upper Paleolithic#Cultures|engravings and clay statues]] (e.g. [[Venus of Lespugue]]), particularly in the [[Mediterranean]] and Europe. [[Lake Toba]] [[supervolcano]] erupts 75000 years before present, causing a [[volcanic winter]] that [[Toba catastrophe theory|pushes humanity to the brink of extinction]]. Pleistocene ends with [[Oldest Dryas]], [[Older Dryas]]/[[Allerød Oscillation|Allerød]] and [[Younger Dryas]] climate events, with Younger Dryas forming the boundary with the Holocene.
|style="background:{{period color|Late Pleistocene}}"| 0.126
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] (formerly Ionian)
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| 0.781
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| [[Early Pleistocene|Calabrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| 1.806*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| [[Gelasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| 2.588*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| [[Neogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]
|rowspan="1" style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| [[Piacenzian]]/[[Blancan]]
|rowspan="2"| Intensification of present [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse conditions]], [[Quaternary glaciation|present (Quaternary) ice age]] begins roughly 2.58 Ma; cool and dry [[climate]]. [[Australopithecine]]s, many of the existing genera of mammals, and recent [[mollusk]]s appear. ''[[Homo habilis]]'' appears.
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| 3.600*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| [[Zanclean]]
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| 5.333*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| [[Messinian]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate Icehouse climate]], puncuated by [[ice age]]s; [[Orogeny]] in [[northern hemisphere]]. Modern [[mammal]] and [[bird]] families become recognizable. [[Equidae|Horses]] and [[mastodon]]s diverse. [[Grass]]es become ubiquitous. First [[ape]]s appear (for reference see the article: "[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]"). [[Kaikoura Orogeny]] forms [[Southern Alps]] in New Zealand, continues today. Orogeny of the Alps in Europe slows, but continues to this day. [[Carpathian orogeny]] forms [[Carpathian Mountains]] in [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. [[Hellenic orogeny]] in Greece and Aegean Sea slows, but continues to this day. [[Middle Miocene Disruption]] occurs. Widespread forests slowly [[photosynthesis|draw in]] massive amounts of CO2, gradually lowering the level of atmospheric CO2 from 650 ppmv down to around 100 ppmv<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />.
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| 7.246*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| [[Tortonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| 11.62*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| [[Serravallian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| 13.82*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| [[Langhian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| 15.97
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| [[Burdigalian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| 20.44
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| [[Aquitanian age|Aquitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| 23.03*
|-
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| [[Paleogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| [[Chattian]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Warm but cooling climate]], moving towards Icehouse; Rapid [[evolution]] and diversification of fauna, especially [[mammal]]s. Major evolution and dispersal of modern types of [[flowering plant]]s
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| 28.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| [[Rupelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| 33.9*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| [[Priabonian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate, cooling climate]]. Archaic [[mammal]]s (e.g. [[Creodont]]s, [[Condylarth]]s, [[Uintatheriidae|Uintatheres]], etc) flourish and continue to develop during the epoch. Appearance of several "modern" mammal families. Primitive [[Cetacea|whales]] diversify. First [[grass]]es. Reglaciation of Antarctica and formation of its [[ice cap]]; [[Azolla event]] triggers [[ice age]], and the [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] climate that would follow it to this day, from the settlement and decay of [[seafloor]] [[algae]] drawing in massive amounts of atmospheric [[carbon dioxide]]<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />, lowering it from 3800 [[parts per million|ppmv]] down to 650 ppmv. End of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]] in North America. [[Orogeny]] of the [[Alps]] in Europe begins. [[Hellenic Orogeny]] begins in Greece and [[Aegean Sea]].
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| 38.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| [[Bartonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| 41.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| [[Lutetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| 47.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| [[Ypresian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| 56.0*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| [[Thanetian]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Climate tropical]]. Modern [[plant]]s appear; [[Mammal]]s diversify into a number of primitive lineages following the extinction of the dinosaurs. First large mammals (up to [[bear]] or small [[hippopotamus|hippo]] size). [[Alpine orogeny]] in Europe and Asia begins. [[Indian Subcontinent]] collides with Asia 55 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], [[Geology of the Himalaya|Himalayan Orogeny]] starts between 52 and 48 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| 59.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| [[Selandian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| 61.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| [[Danian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| 66.0*
|-
|rowspan="30" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| [[Mesozoic]]
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Late Cretaceous}}"| [[Upper Cretaceous|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| [[Maastrichtian]]
|rowspan="12"| [[Flowering plant]]s proliferate, along with new types of [[insect]]s. More modern [[teleost]] fish begin to appear. [[Ammonoidea]], [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]], [[rudist]] [[Bivalvia|bivalve]]s, [[Echinoidea|echinoid]]s and [[Porifera|sponges]] all common. Many new types of [[dinosaur]]s (e.g. [[Tyrannosauridae|Tyrannosaurs]], [[Titanosauridae|Titanosaurs]], [[Hadrosauridae|duck bills]], and [[Ceratopsidae|horned dinosaurs]]) evolve on land, as do [[Eusuchia]] ([[Crocodilia|modern crocodilians]]); and [[mosasaur]]s and modern [[shark]]s appear in the sea. Primitive [[bird]]s gradually replace [[pterosaurs]]. [[Monotremes]], [[marsupial]]s and [[Eutheria|placental]] mammals appear. Break up of [[Gondwana]]. Beginning of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier Orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 close to present-day levels.
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| 72.1 ± 0.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| [[Campanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| 83.6 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| [[Santonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| 86.3 ± 0.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| [[Coniacian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| 89.8 ± 0.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| [[Turonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| 93.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| [[Cenomanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| 100.5*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Early Cretaceous}}"| [[Lower Cretaceous|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| [[Albian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| c. 113.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| [[Aptian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| c. 125.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| [[Barremian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| c. 129.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| [[Hauterivian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| c. 132.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| [[Valanginian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| c. 139.8
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| [[Berriasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| c. 145.0
|-
|rowspan="11" style="background:{{period color|Jurassic}}"| [[Jurassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Jurassic}}"| [[Upper Jurassic|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| [[Tithonian]]
|rowspan="11"| [[Gymnosperm]]s (especially [[conifer]]s, [[Bennettitales]] and [[cycad]]s) and [[fern]]s common. Many types of [[dinosaur]]s, such as [[sauropod]]s, [[carnosaur]]s, and [[stegosaur]]s. Mammals common but small. First [[bird]]s and [[Squamata|lizards]]. [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[plesiosaur]]s diverse. [[Bivalvia|Bivalve]]s, [[Ammonite]]s and [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]] abundant. [[Sea urchin]]s very common, along with [[crinoid]]s, starfish, [[Porifera|sponges]], and [[Terebratulida|terebratulid]] and [[Rhynchonellida|rhynchonellid]] [[brachiopod]]s. Breakup of [[Pangaea]] into [[Gondwana]] and [[Laurasia]]. [[Nevadan orogeny]] in North America. [[Rangitata Orogeny|Rantigata]] and [[Cimmerian Orogeny|Cimmerian Orogenies]] taper off. Atmospheric CO2 levels 4–5 times the present day levels (1200–1500 ppmv, compared to today's 385 ppmv<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />).
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| 152.1 ± 0.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| [[Kimmeridgian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| 157.3 ± 1.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| [[Oxfordian stage|Oxfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| 163.5 ± 1.0
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Middle Jurassic}}"| [[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| [[Callovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| 166.1 ± 1.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| [[Bathonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| 168.3 ± 1.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| [[Bajocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| 170.3 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| [[Aalenian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| 174.1 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Early Jurassic}}"| [[Lower Jurassic|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| [[Toarcian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| 182.7 ± 0.7
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| [[Pliensbachian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| 190.8 ± 1.0*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| [[Sinemurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| 199.3 ± 0.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| [[Hettangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| 201.3 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Triassic}}"| [[Triassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Triassic}}"| [[Upper Triassic|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| [[Rhaetian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Archosaur]]s dominant on land as [[dinosaur]]s, in the oceans as [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[nothosaur]]s, and in the air as [[pterosaur]]s. [[Cynodont]]s become smaller and more mammal-like, while first [[mammal]]s and [[crocodilia]] appear. ''[[Dicroidium]]''flora common on land. Many large aquatic [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] amphibians. [[Ammonite|Ceratitic ammonoids]] extremely common. [[Scleractinia|Modern corals]] and [[teleost]] fish appear, as do many modern [[insect]] clades. [[Andes Mountains|Andean Orogeny]] in South America. [[Cimmerian Orogeny]] in Asia. [[Rangitata Orogeny]] begins in New Zealand. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] in [[Northern Australia]], Queensland and [[New South Wales]] ends, (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| c. 208.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| [[Norian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| c. 228
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| [[Carnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| c. 235*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Triassic}}"| [[Middle Triassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| [[Ladinian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| c. 242*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| [[Anisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| 247.2
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Early Triassic}}"| [[Lower Triassic|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| [[Olenekian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| 251.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| [[Induan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| 252.2 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="48" style="background:{{period color|Paleozoic}}"| [[Paleozoic]]
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Permian}}"| [[Permian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Lopingian}}"| [[Lopingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| [[Changhsingian]]
|rowspan="9"| [[Landmass]]es unite into [[supercontinent]] [[Pangaea]], creating the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian]]s. End of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. [[Synapsida|Synapsid]] [[Reptilia|reptile]]s ([[pelycosaur]]s and [[therapsid]]s) become plentiful, while [[parareptile]]s and [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] [[Amphibian|amphibians]] remain common. In the mid-Permian, [[coal]]-age flora are replaced by [[Conifer cone|cone]]-bearing [[gymnosperm]]s (the first true [[seed plants]]) and by the first true [[moss]]es. [[Beetles]] and [[Fly|flies]] evolve. Marine life flourishes in warm shallow reefs; [[Productida|productid]] and [[Spiriferida|spiriferid]] brachiopods, bivalves, [[foraminifera|foram]]s, and [[orthocerid|ammonoid]]s all abundant. [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]] occurs 251[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]: 95% of life on Earth becomes extinct, including all [[trilobite]]s, [[graptolite]]s, and [[blastoid]]s. [[Ouachita Orogeny|Ouachita]] and [[Innuitian orogeny|Innuitian orogenies]] in North America. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe/Asia tapers off. [[Altai Mountains|Altaid]] orogeny in Asia. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] begins (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), forming the [[MacDonnell Ranges]].
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| 254.2 ± 0.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| [[Wuchiapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| 259.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Guadalupian}}"| [[Guadalupian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| [[Capitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| 265.1 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| [[Wordian|Wordian/Kazanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| 268.8 ± 0.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| [[Roadian|Roadian/Ufimian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| 272.3 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Cisuralian}}"| [[Cisuralian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| [[Kungurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| 279.3 ± 0.6
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| [[Artinskian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| 290.1 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| [[Sakmarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| 295.5 ± 0.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| [[Asselian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| 298.9 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Carboniferous}}"| [[Carboniferous|Carbon- iferous]]<ref name="carboniferous">In North America, the Carboniferous is subdivided into [[Mississippian]] and [[Pennsylvanian]] Periods.</ref>
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pennsylvanian}}"| [[Pennsylvanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| [[Gzhelian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Pterygota|Winged insects]] radiate suddenly; some (esp. [[Protodonata]] and [[Palaeodictyoptera]]) are quite large. [[Amphibian]]s common and diverse. First [[reptile]]s and [[coal]] forests ([[Lepidodendron|scale tree]]s, ferns, [[Sigillaria|club tree]]s, [[Calamites|giant horsetail]]s, ''[[Cordaites]]'', etc.). Highest-ever [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[oxygen]] levels. [[Goniatite]]s, brachiopods, bryozoa, bivalves, and corals plentiful in the seas and oceans. Testate [[foram]]s proliferate. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe and Asia. [[Variscan orogeny]] occurs towards middle and late Mississippian Periods.
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| 303.7 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| [[Kasimovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| 307.0 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| [[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| 315.2 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| [[Bashkirian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| 323.2 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mississippian}}"|[[Mississippian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| [[Serpukhovian]]
|rowspan="3"| Large [[Lycopodiophyta|primitive tree]]s, first [[Tetrapoda|land vertebrate]]s, and amphibious [[eurypterid|sea-scorpion]]s live amid [[coal]]-forming coastal [[brackish water|swamp]]s. Lobe-finned [[rhizodont]]s are dominant big fresh-water predators. In the oceans, early [[Chondrichthyes|shark]]s are common and quite diverse; [[echinoderm]]s (especially [[crinoid]]s and [[blastoid]]s) abundant. [[Coral]]s, [[bryozoa]], [[Goniatitida|goniatite]]s and brachiopods ([[Productida]], [[Spiriferida]], etc.) very common, but [[Trilobita|trilobite]]s and [[nautiloid]]s decline. [[Glaciation]] in East [[Gondwana]]. [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| 330.9 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| [[Viséan]]
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| 346.7 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| [[Tournaisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| 358.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Devonian}}"| [[Devonian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Late Devonian}}"| [[Upper Devonian|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| [[Famennian]]
|rowspan="7"| First [[Lycopodiopsida|clubmoss]]es, [[Equisetophyta|horsetail]]s and [[fern]]s appear, as do the first [[seed]]-bearing plants ([[progymnosperm]]s), first [[tree]]s (the progymnosperm ''[[Archaeopteris]]''), and first (wingless) [[Insecta|insect]]s. [[Strophomenida|Strophomenid]] and [[Atrypida|atrypid]] [[brachiopod]]s, [[Rugosa|rugose]] and [[Tabulata|tabulate]] corals, and [[crinoid]]s are all abundant in the oceans. [[Goniatite]] [[Ammonite|ammonoids]] are plentiful, while squid-like [[Coleoidea|coleoids]] arise. Trilobites and armoured agnaths decline, while jawed fishes ([[Placodermi|placoderm]]s, [[Sarcopterygii|lobe-finned]] and [[Osteichthyes|ray-finned]] fish, and early [[Chondrichthyes|sharks]]) rule the seas. First [[amphibian]]s still aquatic. "Old Red Continent" of [[Euramerica]]. Beginning of [[Acadian Orogeny]] for [[Atlas Mountains|Anti-Atlas Mountains]] of [[North Africa]], and [[Appalachian Mountains]] of North America, also the [[Antler Orogeny|Antler]], [[Variscan Orogeny|Variscan]], and [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand.
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| 372.2 ± 1.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| [[Frasnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| 382.7 ± 1.6*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Devonian}}"| [[Middle Devonian|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| [[Givetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| 387.7 ± 0.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| [[Eifelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| 393.3 ± 1.2*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Early Devonian}}"| [[Lower Devonian|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| [[Emsian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| 407.6 ± 2.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| [[Pragian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| 410.8 ± 2.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| [[Lochkovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| 419.2 ± 3.2*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Silurian}}"| [[Silurian]]
|colspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]]
|rowspan="8"| First [[Vascular plant]]s (the [[rhyniophytes]] and their relatives), first [[millipede]]s and [[Arthropleurida|arthropleurid]]s on land. First [[jawed fish]]es, as well as many [[ostracoderm|armoured]] [[agnatha|jawless fish]], populate the seas. [[Eurypterid|Sea-scorpions]] reach large size. [[Tabulate coral|Tabulate]] and [[Rugosa|rugose]] corals, [[brachiopod]]s (''Pentamerida'', [[Rhynchonellida]], etc.), and [[crinoid]]s all abundant. [[Trilobite]]s and [[mollusk]]s diverse; [[graptolite]]s not as varied. Beginning of [[Caledonian Orogeny]] for hills in England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and the [[Scandinavian Mountains]]. Also continued into Devonian period as the [[Acadian Orogeny]], above. [[Taconic Orogeny]] tapers off. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| 423.0 ± 2.3*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Ludlow}}"| [[Ludlow epoch|Ludlow]]/[[Cayugan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| [[Ludfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| 425.6 ± 0.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| [[Gorstian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| 427.4 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Wenlock}}"| [[Wenlock epoch|Wenlock]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| [[Homerian]]/[[Lockportian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| 430.5 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| [[Sheinwoodian]]/[[Tonawandan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| 433.4 ± 0.8*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Llandovery}}"| [[Llandovery epoch|Llandovery]]/ [[Silurian|Alexandrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| [[Telychian]]/[[Ontarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| 438.5 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| [[Aeronian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| 440.8 ± 1.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| [[Rhuddanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| 443.4 ± 1.5*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Ordovician}}"| [[Ordovician]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Late Ordovician}}"| [[Upper Ordovician|Late]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| [[Hirnantian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Invertebrate]]s diversify into many new types (e.g., long [[orthoconic|straight-shelled]] [[orthocerida|cephalopods]]). Early [[coral]]s, articulate [[brachiopod]]s (''Orthida'', ''Strophomenida'', etc.), [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], [[nautiloid]]s, [[trilobite]]s, [[ostracod]]s, [[bryozoa]], many types of [[echinoderms]] ([[crinoid]]s, [[Cystoidea|cystoids]], [[Asteroidea|starfish]], etc.), branched [[graptolite]]s, and other taxa all common. [[Conodont]]s (early [[plankton]]ic [[vertebrate]]s) appear. First [[Embryophyte|green plant]]s and [[fungus|fungi]] on land. Ice age at end of period.
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| 445.2 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| [[Katian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| 453.0 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| [[Sandbian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| 458.4 ± 0.9*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Ordovician}}"| [[Middle Ordovician|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| [[Darriwilian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| 467.3 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| [[Dapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| 470.0 ± 1.4*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Early Ordovician}}"| [[Lower Ordovician|Early]]
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| [[Floian]] (formerly [[Arenig]])
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| 477.7 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| [[Tremadocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| 485.4 ± 1.9*
|-
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Cambrian}}"| [[Cambrian]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Furongian}}"| [[Furongian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 10]]
|rowspan="10"| Major diversification of life in the [[Cambrian Explosion]]. Numerous fossils; most modern [[Animalia|animal]][[Phylum|phyla]] appear. First [[chordate]]s appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building [[Archaeocyatha]] abundant; then vanish. [[Trilobite]]s, [[priapulid]] worms, [[Porifera|sponges]], inarticulate [[brachiopod]]s (unhinged lampshells), and many other animals numerous. [[Anomalocarid]]s are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. [[Prokaryote]]s, [[protist]]s (e.g., [[foram]]s), [[fungus|fungi]] and [[algae]] continue to present day. [[Gondwana]] emerges. [[Petermann Orogeny]] on the [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off (550–535 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]). Ross Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]], majority of orogenic activity from 514–500[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], c. 540–440[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 content roughly 20–35 times present-day ([[Holocene]]) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 385 ppmv)<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| c. 489.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| [[Jiangshanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| c. 494*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| [[Paibian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| c. 497*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Series 3}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| [[Guzhangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| c. 500.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| [[Drumian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| c. 504.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 5]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| c. 509
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Series 2}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 4]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| c. 514
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| c. 521
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Terreneuvian}}"| [[Terreneuvian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| [[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| c. 529
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| [[Fortunian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| 541.0 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="18" style="background:{{period color|Precambrian}}"| [[Precambrian|Precam- brian]]<ref name="aka-cryptozoic">The [[Precambrian]] is also known as Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Proterozoic}}"| [[Proterozoic|Proter- ozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time">The [[Proterozoic]], [[Archean]] and [[Hadean]] are often collectively referred to as the [[Precambrian|Precambrian Time]] or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Neoproterozoic}}"| [[Neoproterozoic|Neo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| [[Ediacaran]]
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled animal]]s. [[Ediacaran biota]] flourish worldwide in seas. Simple [[trace fossil]]s of possible worm-like ''[[Trichophycus pedum|Trichophycus]]'', etc. First [[Porifera|sponge]]s and [[Trilobita|trilobitomorph]]s. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like''[[Dickinsonia]]''). [[Taconic Orogeny]] in North America. [[Aravalli Range]] [[orogeny]] in [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Beginning of [[Petermann Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]]. Beardmore Orogeny in Antarctica, 633–620[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| c. 635*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| [[Cryogenian]]
|colspan="3"| Possible "[[Snowball Earth]]" period. [[Fossil]]s still rare. [[Rodinia]] landmass begins to break up. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| 850<ref name="absolute-age">Defined by absolute age ([[Global Standard Stratigraphic Age]]).</ref>
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| [[Tonian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Rodinia]] supercontinent persists. [[Trace fossil]]s of simple [[multicellular|multi-celled]] [[Eukaryota|eukaryote]]s. First radiation of [[dinoflagellate]]-like [[acritarch]]s. [[Grenville Orogeny]] tapers off in North America. [[Pan-African orogeny]] in Africa. Lake Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica, 1000 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Edmundian Orogeny (c. 920 - 850[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Gascoyne Complex]], Western Australia. [[Adelaide Geosyncline]] laid down on [[Australia (continent)|Australian Continent]], beginning of [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]] in that continent.
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| 1000<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mesoproterozoic}}"| [[Mesoproterozoic|Meso- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| [[Stenian]]
|colspan="3"| Narrow highly [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] belts due to [[orogeny]] as [[Rodinia]] forms. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica possibly begins. Musgrave Orogeny (c. 1080 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Musgrave Block]], [[Central Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| 1200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| [[Ectasian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s continue to expand. [[Green algae]] [[colony (biology)|colonies]] in the seas. [[Grenville Orogeny]] in North America.
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| 1400<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| [[Calymmian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s expand. Barramundi Orogeny, [[McArthur Basin]], [[Northern Australia]], and Isan Orogeny, [[circa|c.]]1600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], Mount Isa Block, Queensland
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| 1600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Paleoproterozoic}}"| [[Paleoproterozoic|Paleo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| [[Statherian]]
|colspan="3"| First [[Eukaryote|complex single-celled life]]: [[protist]]s with nuclei. [[Columbia (supercontinent)|Columbia]] is the primordial supercontinent. Kimban Orogeny in Australian Continent ends. Yapungku Orogeny on [[Yilgarn craton]], in Western Australia. Mangaroon Orogeny, 1680–1620 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], on the [[Gascoyne Complex]] in Western Australia. Kararan Orogeny (1650-[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), Gawler Craton, [[South Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| 1800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| [[Orosirian]]
|colspan="3"| The [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] becomes [[oxygen]]ic. [[Vredefort crater|Vredefort]] and [[Sudbury Basin]] asteroid impacts. Much [[orogeny]]. [[Penokean orogeny|Penokean]] and [[Trans-Hudsonian Orogeny|Trans-Hudsonian Orogenies]] in North America. Early Ruker Orogeny in Antarctica, 2000 - 1700 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Glenburgh Orogeny, [[Gascoyne Complex|Glenburgh Terrane]], [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] [[circa|c.]] 2005–1920 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. Kimban Orogeny, [[Gawler craton]] in Australian Continent begins.
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| 2050<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| [[Rhyacian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Bushveld Igneous Complex]] forms. [[Huronian]] glaciation.
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| 2300<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| [[Siderian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Oxygen catastrophe]]: [[banded iron formation]]s forms. Sleaford Orogeny on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], [[Gawler Craton]] 2440–2420 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| 2500<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Archean}}"| [[Archean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| [[Neoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| Stabilization of most modern [[craton]]s; possible [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]] overturn event. Insell Orogeny, 2650 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Abitibi greenstone belt]] in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] begins to form, stablizes by 2600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| 2800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| [[Mesoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First [[stromatolite]]s (probably [[colony (biology)|colonial]] [[cyanobacteria]]). Oldest [[macrofossil]]s. Humboldt Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Blake River Megacaldera Complex]] begins to form in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], ends by roughly 2696[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| 3200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| [[Paleoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First known [[phototroph|oxygen-producing]] [[bacteria]]. Oldest definitive [[microfossils]]. Oldest [[craton]]s on Earth (such as the [[Canadian Shield]] and the [[Pilbara Craton]]) may have formed during this period<ref name="Oldest-craton">The age of the oldest measurable [[craton]], or [[continental crust]], is dated to 3600–3800 Ma</ref>. Rayner Orogeny in Antarctica.
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| 3600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| [[Eoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| 4000
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Hadean]] <ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="hadeon-not-formal">Though commonly used, the [[Hadean]] is not a formal eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the [[lunar geologic time scale]]. These eras include the [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]] and [[Basin Groups]] (which are subdivisions of the [[Pre-Nectarian]] era), [[Nectarian]], and [[Early Imbrian]] units.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Early Imbrian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names">These unit names were taken from the [[Lunar geologic timescale]] and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial. Note that their start times do not dovetail perfectly with the later, terrestrially defined boundaries.</ref>
|colspan="4"| Indirect [[photosynthetic]] evidence (e.g., [[kerogen]]) of primordial life. This era overlaps the end of the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] of the [[inner solar system|inner]] [[solar system]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4100
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Nectarian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| This unit gets its name from the [[lunar geologic timescale]] when the [[Nectaris Basin]] and other greater [[lunar basin]]s form by big [[impact event]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4300
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Basin Groups]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known rock (4030 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])<ref name="Oldest-rock">{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004100050465|title=Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada|year=1999|author=Bowring, Samuel A.|journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=134|issue=1|pages=3|last2=Williams|first2=Ian S.|bibcode=1999CoMP..134....3B}} The oldest rock on Earth is the [[Acasta Gneiss]], and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada.</ref>. The first [[organism|life form]]s and [[self-replication|self-replicating]] [[RNA]] [[molecule]]s evolve around 4000 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], after the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] ends on Earth. [[Napier_Mountains|Napier]] Orogeny in Antarctica, 4000 ± 200 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4500
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4404 ± 8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]](4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4567
|}</div>
<includeonly>
</div>
</includeonly><noinclude>

<div style="text-align:left">
{{reflist|2}}
</div>
</div>
[[Category:Historical geology|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Historical period templates|Geologic time scale]]
[[Category:Geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Historical geology|{{PAGENAME}}]]

</noinclude>

Template:Aetosaur biochronology timeline

2013-08-11T02:39:55Z

24.218.110.195: fix!

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

| title=Aetosaur biochronology
|title-colour={{period color|Triassic}}

|plot-colour=#ffffff

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|triassic}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|triassic}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=25



|bar1-to=-252.2
|bar1-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}

|bar2-from=-252.2
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-252.2
|bar3-left=.09
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|bar3-text='''[[Permian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-252.2
|bar4-to=-201.3
|bar4-left=.09
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Triassic|T r i a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-201.3
|bar5-left=.09
|bar5-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|bar18-left=0.21
|bar18-right=0.22
|bar18-colour=black
|bar18-from=-252.2
|bar18-to=-201.3



|bar7-from=-252.2
|bar7-to=-247.2
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Lower Triassic}}
|bar7-border-width=0.01
|bar7-text=[[Lower Triassic|E a r l y]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-247.2
|bar8-to=-235
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Middle Triassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.01
|bar8-text=[[Middle Triassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-235
|bar9-to=-201.3
|bar9-left=.22
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|Upper Triassic}}
|bar9-border-width=.01
|bar9-text=[[Upper Triassic|L a t e]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2



|bar10-from=-252.2
|bar10-to=-251.2
|bar10-left=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Induan}}
|bar10-border-width=.01
|bar10-text=[[Induan]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6

|bar11-from=-251.2
|bar11-to=-247.2
|bar11-left=.34
|bar11-colour={{period color|Olenekian}}
|bar11-border-width=.01
|bar11-text=[[Olenekian]] 

|bar12-from=-247.2
|bar12-to=-242
|bar12-left=.34
|bar12-colour={{period color|Anisian}}
|bar12-border-width=.01
|bar12-text=[[Anisian]]

|bar13-from=-242
|bar13-to=-235
|bar13-left=.34
|bar13-colour={{period color|Ladinian}}
|bar13-border-width=.01
|bar13-text=[[Ladinian]]

|bar14-from=-235
|bar14-to=-228
|bar14-left=.34
|bar14-colour={{period color|Carnian}}
|bar14-border-width=.01
|bar14-text=[[Carnian]]

|bar15-from=-228
|bar15-to=-208
|bar15-text=[[Norian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.01
|bar15-left=0.34
|bar15-colour={{period color|Norian}}

|bar16-from=-208
|bar16-to=-201.3
|bar16-text=[[Rhaetian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.01
|bar16-left=0.34
|bar16-colour={{period color|Rhaetian}}


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.091
|bar17-colour=#000000


|bar21-from=-203.3
|bar21-to=-199.9
|bar21-left=0.71
|bar21-right=0.74
|bar21-colour=#000000
|note21=''Redondasuchus''
|note21-at=-202
|note21-colour=#000000
|note21-remove-arrow=yes
|note21-nudge-left=14.2

|bar22-from=-216.5
|bar22-to=-204
|bar22-left=0.67
|bar22-right=0.70
|bar22-colour=#000000
|note22=''Typothorax''
|note22-at=-205
|note22-colour=#000000
|note22-nudge-left=13.2
|note22-remove-arrow=yes

|bar23-from=-220
|bar23-to=-216.8
|bar23-left=0.55
|bar23-right=0.58
|bar23-colour=#000000
|note23=''Stagonolepis''
|note23-at=-218.5
|note23-colour=#000000
|note23-nudge-left=17
|note23-remove-arrow=yes

|bar24-from=-220
|bar24-to=-199.6
|bar24-left=0.75
|bar24-right=0.78
|bar24-colour=#000000
|note24=''Paratypothorax''
|note24-at=-210
|note24-colour=#000000
|note24-nudge-left=5.5
|note24-remove-arrow=yes

|bar25-from=-223.7
|bar25-to=-220.5
|bar25-left=0.51
|bar25-right=0.54
|bar25-colour=#000000
|note25=''Longosuchus''
|note25-at=-220.8
|note25-colour=#000000
|note25-nudge-left=18
|note25-remove-arrow=yes

|bar26-from=-223.7
|bar26-to=-209.5
|bar26-left=0.59
|bar26-right=0.62
|bar26-colour=#000000
|note26=''Desmatosuchus''
|note26-at=-213
|note26-colour=#000000
|note26-nudge-left=17.2
|note26-remove-arrow=yes

|bar27-from=-216.4
|bar27-to=-208
|bar27-left=0.63
|bar27-right=0.66
|bar27-colour=#000000
|note27=''Aetosaurus''
|note27-at=-208.5
|note27-colour=#000000
|note27-nudge-left=14.2
|note27-remove-arrow=yes

|caption=Axis scale: millions of years ago.
 References: Lucas ''et al.'' (1998),<ref name=LHH98>{{cite journal |last=Lucas |first=S.G. |coauthors=Heckert, A.B.; and Huber, P. |year=1998 |title=''Aetosaurus'' (Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance |journal=Palaeontology |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1215–1230 |url=http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2041/Pages%201215-1230.pdf}}</ref> Heckert ''et al.'' (2007)<ref name=Hetal07>{{cite book |last=Heckert |first=A.B. |coauthors=Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; and Spielmann, J.A. |year=2007 |chapter=[http://paleo.cortland.edu/globaltriassic/Bull41/16-Heckert%20et%20al%20(Aeto%20redux).pdf Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited] |title=The Global Triassic |editors=Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A. (eds.) |series=''New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin'' |volume=41 |pages=49–50}}</ref>

}}<noinclude>

{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Graphical timeline templates]]

Template:Aetosaur biochronology timeline

2013-08-11T02:39:21Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

| title=Aetosaur biochronology
|title-colour={{period color|Triassic}}

|plot-colour=#ffffff

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|triassic}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|triassic}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=25



|bar1-to=-252.2
|bar1-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}

|bar2-from=-252.2
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-252.2
|bar3-left=.09
|bar3-colour={{period color|Permian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Permian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-252.2
|bar4-to=-201.3
|bar4-left=.09
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Triassic|T r i a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-201.3
|bar5-left=.09
|bar5-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|bar18-left=0.21
|bar18-right=0.22
|bar18-colour=black
|bar18-from=-252.2
|bar18-to=-201.3



|bar7-from=-252.2
|bar7-to=-247.2
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Lower Triassic}}
|bar7-border-width=0.01
|bar7-text=[[Lower Triassic|E a r l y]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-247.2
|bar8-to=-235
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Middle Triassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.01
|bar8-text=[[Middle Triassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-235
|bar9-to=-201.3
|bar9-left=.22
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|Upper Triassic}}
|bar9-border-width=.01
|bar9-text=[[Upper Triassic|U p p e r]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2



|bar10-from=-252.2
|bar10-to=-251.2
|bar10-left=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Induan}}
|bar10-border-width=.01
|bar10-text=[[Induan]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6

|bar11-from=-251.2
|bar11-to=-247.2
|bar11-left=.34
|bar11-colour={{period color|Olenekian}}
|bar11-border-width=.01
|bar11-text=[[Olenekian]] 

|bar12-from=-247.2
|bar12-to=-242
|bar12-left=.34
|bar12-colour={{period color|Anisian}}
|bar12-border-width=.01
|bar12-text=[[Anisian]]

|bar13-from=-242
|bar13-to=-235
|bar13-left=.34
|bar13-colour={{period color|Ladinian}}
|bar13-border-width=.01
|bar13-text=[[Ladinian]]

|bar14-from=-235
|bar14-to=-228
|bar14-left=.34
|bar14-colour={{period color|Carnian}}
|bar14-border-width=.01
|bar14-text=[[Carnian]]

|bar15-from=-228
|bar15-to=-208
|bar15-text=[[Norian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.01
|bar15-left=0.34
|bar15-colour={{period color|Norian}}

|bar16-from=-208
|bar16-to=-201.3
|bar16-text=[[Rhaetian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.01
|bar16-left=0.34
|bar16-colour={{period color|Rhaetian}}


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.091
|bar17-colour=#000000


|bar21-from=-203.3
|bar21-to=-199.9
|bar21-left=0.71
|bar21-right=0.74
|bar21-colour=#000000
|note21=''Redondasuchus''
|note21-at=-202
|note21-colour=#000000
|note21-remove-arrow=yes
|note21-nudge-left=14.2

|bar22-from=-216.5
|bar22-to=-204
|bar22-left=0.67
|bar22-right=0.70
|bar22-colour=#000000
|note22=''Typothorax''
|note22-at=-205
|note22-colour=#000000
|note22-nudge-left=13.2
|note22-remove-arrow=yes

|bar23-from=-220
|bar23-to=-216.8
|bar23-left=0.55
|bar23-right=0.58
|bar23-colour=#000000
|note23=''Stagonolepis''
|note23-at=-218.5
|note23-colour=#000000
|note23-nudge-left=17
|note23-remove-arrow=yes

|bar24-from=-220
|bar24-to=-199.6
|bar24-left=0.75
|bar24-right=0.78
|bar24-colour=#000000
|note24=''Paratypothorax''
|note24-at=-210
|note24-colour=#000000
|note24-nudge-left=5.5
|note24-remove-arrow=yes

|bar25-from=-223.7
|bar25-to=-220.5
|bar25-left=0.51
|bar25-right=0.54
|bar25-colour=#000000
|note25=''Longosuchus''
|note25-at=-220.8
|note25-colour=#000000
|note25-nudge-left=18
|note25-remove-arrow=yes

|bar26-from=-223.7
|bar26-to=-209.5
|bar26-left=0.59
|bar26-right=0.62
|bar26-colour=#000000
|note26=''Desmatosuchus''
|note26-at=-213
|note26-colour=#000000
|note26-nudge-left=17.2
|note26-remove-arrow=yes

|bar27-from=-216.4
|bar27-to=-208
|bar27-left=0.63
|bar27-right=0.66
|bar27-colour=#000000
|note27=''Aetosaurus''
|note27-at=-208.5
|note27-colour=#000000
|note27-nudge-left=14.2
|note27-remove-arrow=yes

|caption=Axis scale: millions of years ago.
 References: Lucas ''et al.'' (1998),<ref name=LHH98>{{cite journal |last=Lucas |first=S.G. |coauthors=Heckert, A.B.; and Huber, P. |year=1998 |title=''Aetosaurus'' (Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance |journal=Palaeontology |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1215–1230 |url=http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2041/Pages%201215-1230.pdf}}</ref> Heckert ''et al.'' (2007)<ref name=Hetal07>{{cite book |last=Heckert |first=A.B. |coauthors=Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; and Spielmann, J.A. |year=2007 |chapter=[http://paleo.cortland.edu/globaltriassic/Bull41/16-Heckert%20et%20al%20(Aeto%20redux).pdf Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited] |title=The Global Triassic |editors=Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A. (eds.) |series=''New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin'' |volume=41 |pages=49–50}}</ref>

}}<noinclude>

{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Graphical timeline templates]]

Template:Fish graphical timeline

2013-08-11T02:38:33Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Fish_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the Devonian Period
|title-colour={{period color|Devonian}}

|from=-423
|to=-355

|height=34
|width=7


|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-419.2
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Silurian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Silurian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-419.2
|bar4-to=-358.9
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Devonian|D e v o n i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-358.9
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Carboniferous]]'''



|bar6-from=-419.2
|bar6-to=-393.3
|bar6-left=.225
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Devonian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Devonian|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-393.3
|bar7-to=-382.7
|bar7-left=.225
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Devonian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Devonian|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-382.7
|bar8-to=-358.9
|bar8-left=.225
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Upper Devonian}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Upper Devonian|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-419.2
|bar9-to=-410.8
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Lochkovian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Lochkovian}}

|bar10-from=-410.8
|bar10-to=-407.6
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Pragian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Pragian}}

|bar11-from=-407.6
|bar11-to=-393.3
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Emsian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Emsian}}

|bar12-from=-393.3
|bar12-to=-387.7
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Eifelian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Eifelian}}

|bar13-from=-387.7
|bar13-to=-382.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Givetian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Givetian}}

|bar14-from=-382.7
|bar14-to=-372.2
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Frasnian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Famennian}}

|bar15-from=-372.2
|bar15-to=-358.9
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Famennian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Frasnian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.225
|bar28-from=-419.2
|bar28-to=-358.9
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-419.2
|bar29-to=-358.9
|bar29-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-411.5
|note1=[[Rhynie chert]]<ref name="Parry">{{cite journal|last=Parry|first=S.F.|coauthors=Noble S.R., Crowley Q.G. & Wellman C.H.|year=2011|title=A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|publisher=Geological Society|location=London|volume=168|issue=4|pages=863–872|doi=10.1144/0016-76492010-043|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract}}</ref>
|note2-at=-360
|note2=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Hangenberg_event|Hangenberg event]]
|note3-at=-377.2
|note3=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event|Kellwasser event]](s)<ref name=Kaufmann2004>{{cite journal
| author = Kaufmann, B.
| coauthors = Trapp, E.; Mezger, K.
| year = 2004
| title = The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)
| journal = The Journal of Geology
| volume = 112
| issue = 4
| pages = 495–501
| doi=10.1086/421077
| bibcode=2004JG....112..495K
}}</ref>
|note4-at=-368
|note4=first [[tetrapod]]s
|note5-at=-372
|note5=most [[jawless fish]] disappear
|note6-at=-382
|note6=armoured [[placoderms]] disappear
|note7-at=-407
|note7=[[Hunsrück Slates|Hunsrück fauna]] 
|caption=Key events of the Devonian Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic graphical timeline

2013-08-11T02:36:47Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Jurassic_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Jurassic
|title-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}

|from=-205
|to=-141

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-201.3
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Triassic]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-201.3
|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic|J u r a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Cretaceous]]'''



|bar6-from=-201.3
|bar6-to=-174.1
|bar6-left=.22
|bar6-right=.345
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Jurassic}}
|bar6-border-width=0.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Jurassic|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.2

|bar7-from=-174.1
|bar7-to=-163.5
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.345
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Jurassic}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Jurassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-163.5
|bar8-to=-145
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.345
|bar8-colour={{period color|Upper Jurassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Upper Jurassic|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1


|bar9-from=-201.3
|bar9-to=-199.3
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Hettangian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Hettangian}}

|bar10-from=-199.3
|bar10-to=-190.8
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Sinemurian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Sinemurian}}

|bar11-from=-190.8
|bar11-to=-182.7
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Pliensbachian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Pliensbachian}}

|bar12-from=-182.7
|bar12-to=-174.1
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Toarcian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Toarcian}}

|bar13-from=-174.1
|bar13-to=-170.3
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Aalenian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Aalenian}}

|bar14-from=-170.3
|bar14-to=-168.3
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Bajocian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Bajocian}}

|bar15-from=-168.3
|bar15-to=-166.1
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Bathonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Bathonian}}

|bar16-from=-166.1
|bar16-to=-163.5
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Callovian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Callovian}}

|bar17-from=-163.5
|bar17-to=-157.3
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Oxfordian}}

|bar18-from=-157.3
|bar18-to=-152.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Kimmeridgian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Kimmeridgian}}

|bar19-from=-152.1
|bar19-to=-145
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Tithonian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Tithonian}}

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.225
|bar28-from=-201.3
|bar28-to=-145
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-201.3
|bar29-to=-145
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Jurassic events. Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-11T02:35:43Z

24.218.110.195: fix!

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-to=-66
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar1-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>

|bar2-from=-66
|bar2-left=.0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}



|bar3-to=-145
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-145
|bar4-to=-66
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar4-border-width=0.05

|bar5-from=-66
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''



|bar6-from=-145
|bar6-to=-100.5
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar7-from=-100.5
|bar7-to=-66
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Upper Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Upper Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=0.225
|bar28-right=0.23
|bar28-colour=black
|bar28-from=-145
|bar28-to=-66

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-145
|bar29-to=-66
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-11T02:35:20Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-to=-66
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar1-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>

|bar2-from=-66
|bar2-left=.0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}



|bar3-to=-145
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-145
|bar4-to=-66
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar4-border-width=0.05

|bar5-from=-66
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''



|bar6-from=-145
|bar6-to=-100.5
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar7-from=-100.5
|bar7-to=-66
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Upper Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Upper Cretaceous|U p p e r]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=0.225
|bar28-right=0.23
|bar28-colour=black
|bar28-from=-145
|bar28-to=-66

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-145
|bar29-to=-66
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Geologic time scale

2013-08-09T19:02:33Z

24.218.110.195:

<div style="clear:both; width:100%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto" class="NavFrame">
<div class="NavHead" style="background-color:#ccccff">{{Tnavbar-collapsible | [[Geologic time scale]] | Geologic time scale}}</div>
<div class="NavContent">

{| class="wikitable" style="clear:both;margin:0; font-size:95%"
|-
! [[Supereon (geology)|Supereon]]
! [[Eon (geology)|Eon]]
! [[Era (geology)|Era]]
! [[Period (geology)|Period]]<ref name="faunal-stages">Paleontologists often refer to [[faunal stage]]s rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent time-ordered list of faunal stages, see {{cite web|url=http://flatpebble.nceas.ucsb.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=startScale| title=The Paleobiology Database| accessdate=2006-03-19}}</ref>
! [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]]
! [[Age (geology)|Age]]<ref name="uncertain-dates" />
! Major events
! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2012 time scale. Where errors are not quoted, errors are less than the precision of the age given. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
|-
|rowspan="100" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a<ref>References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.</ref>
|rowspan="100" style="background:{{period color|Phanerozoic}}"| [[Phanerozoic]]
|rowspan="22" style="background:{{period color|Cenozoic}}"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
|rowspan="5" style="background:{{period color|Quaternary}}"| [[Quaternary]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| [[Holocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"|
[[Chronozone|chrons]]: [[Subatlantic]]{{·}}[[Subboreal]]{{·}}[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]{{·}}[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]{{·}}[[Preboreal]]
|rowspan="1" | [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins. [[Stone Age]] cultures give way to [[Bronze Age]] (3300 BC) and [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere|CO2]] levels rise from around 280 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) to the current level of 390 ppmv.<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see the following articles: [[Earth's atmosphere]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], [[global warming]], [[climate change]], [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]]</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Holocene}}"| 0.0117<ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,700]] [[before present|years ago]]. For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pleistocene}}"| [[Pleistocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| [[Late Pleistocene|Upper]] (locally [[Tarantian]]{{·}}[[Tyrrhenian Stage|Tyrrhenian]]{{·}}[[Eemian]]{{·}}[[Sangamonian Stage|Sangamonian]])
|rowspan="4"| Flourishing and then extinction of many large [[mammal]]s ([[Pleistocene megafauna]]). Evolution of anatomically modern [[human]]s. [[Last glacial period|Quaternary Ice Age]] continues with [[glaciations]] and [[interstadial]]s (and the accompanying fluctuations from 100 to 300 ppmv in [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] CO2 levels<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />), further intensification of [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] conditions, roughly 1.6 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Last glacial maximum]] (30000 [[before present|years ago]]), [[last glacial period]] (18000–15000 years ago). Dawn of human [[Lower Paleolithic#Cultures|stone-age cultures]], with [[Middle Paleolithic#Cultures|increasing technical complexity]] relative to previous ice age cultures, such as [[Upper Paleolithic#Cultures|engravings and clay statues]] (e.g. [[Venus of Lespugue]]), particularly in the [[Mediterranean]] and Europe. [[Lake Toba]] [[supervolcano]] erupts 75000 years before present, causing a [[volcanic winter]] that [[Toba catastrophe theory|pushes humanity to the brink of extinction]]. Pleistocene ends with [[Oldest Dryas]], [[Older Dryas]]/[[Allerød Oscillation|Allerød]] and [[Younger Dryas]] climate events, with Younger Dryas forming the boundary with the Holocene.
|style="background:{{period color|Upper Pleistocene}}"| 0.126
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| [[Middle Pleistocene|Middle]] (formerly Ionian)
|style="background:{{period color|Middle Pleistocene}}"| 0.781
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| [[Early Pleistocene|Calabrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Calabrian}}"| 1.806*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| [[Gelasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gelasian}}"| 2.588*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Neogene}}"| [[Neogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pliocene}}"| [[Pliocene]]
|rowspan="1" style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| [[Piacenzian]]/[[Blancan]]
|rowspan="2"| Intensification of present [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse conditions]], [[Quaternary glaciation|present (Quaternary) ice age]] begins roughly 2.58 Ma; cool and dry [[climate]]. [[Australopithecine]]s, many of the existing genera of mammals, and recent [[mollusk]]s appear. ''[[Homo habilis]]'' appears.
|style="background:{{period color|Piacenzian}}"| 3.600*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| [[Zanclean]]
|style="background:{{period color|Zanclean}}"| 5.333*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Miocene}}"| [[Miocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| [[Messinian]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate Icehouse climate]], puncuated by [[ice age]]s; [[Orogeny]] in [[northern hemisphere]]. Modern [[mammal]] and [[bird]] families become recognizable. [[Equidae|Horses]] and [[mastodon]]s diverse. [[Grass]]es become ubiquitous. First [[ape]]s appear (for reference see the article: "[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]"). [[Kaikoura Orogeny]] forms [[Southern Alps]] in New Zealand, continues today. Orogeny of the Alps in Europe slows, but continues to this day. [[Carpathian orogeny]] forms [[Carpathian Mountains]] in [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. [[Hellenic orogeny]] in Greece and Aegean Sea slows, but continues to this day. [[Middle Miocene Disruption]] occurs. Widespread forests slowly [[photosynthesis|draw in]] massive amounts of CO2, gradually lowering the level of atmospheric CO2 from 650 ppmv down to around 100 ppmv<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />.
|style="background:{{period color|Messinian}}"| 7.246*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| [[Tortonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tortonian}}"| 11.62*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| [[Serravallian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serravallian}}"| 13.82*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| [[Langhian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Langhian}}"| 15.97
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| [[Burdigalian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Burdigalian}}"| 20.44
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| [[Aquitanian age|Aquitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aquitanian}}"| 23.03*
|-
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Paleogene}}"| [[Paleogene]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Oligocene}}"| [[Oligocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| [[Chattian]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Warm but cooling climate]], moving towards Icehouse; Rapid [[evolution]] and diversification of fauna, especially [[mammal]]s. Major evolution and dispersal of modern types of [[flowering plant]]s
|style="background:{{period color|Chattian}}"| 28.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| [[Rupelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rupelian}}"| 33.9*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Eocene}}"| [[Eocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| [[Priabonian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Moderate, cooling climate]]. Archaic [[mammal]]s (e.g. [[Creodont]]s, [[Condylarth]]s, [[Uintatheriidae|Uintatheres]], etc) flourish and continue to develop during the epoch. Appearance of several "modern" mammal families. Primitive [[Cetacea|whales]] diversify. First [[grass]]es. Reglaciation of Antarctica and formation of its [[ice cap]]; [[Azolla event]] triggers [[ice age]], and the [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] climate that would follow it to this day, from the settlement and decay of [[seafloor]] [[algae]] drawing in massive amounts of atmospheric [[carbon dioxide]]<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />, lowering it from 3800 [[parts per million|ppmv]] down to 650 ppmv. End of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]] in North America. [[Orogeny]] of the [[Alps]] in Europe begins. [[Hellenic Orogeny]] begins in Greece and [[Aegean Sea]].
|style="background:{{period color|Priabonian}}"| 38.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| [[Bartonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bartonian}}"| 41.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| [[Lutetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lutetian}}"| 47.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| [[Ypresian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ypresian}}"| 56.0*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Paleocene}}"| [[Paleocene]]
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| [[Thanetian]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Climate tropical]]. Modern [[plant]]s appear; [[Mammal]]s diversify into a number of primitive lineages following the extinction of the dinosaurs. First large mammals (up to [[bear]] or small [[hippopotamus|hippo]] size). [[Alpine orogeny]] in Europe and Asia begins. [[Indian Subcontinent]] collides with Asia 55 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], [[Geology of the Himalaya|Himalayan Orogeny]] starts between 52 and 48 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Thanetian}}"| 59.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| [[Selandian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Selandian}}"| 61.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| [[Danian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Danian}}"| 66.0*
|-
|rowspan="30" style="background:{{period color|Mesozoic}}"| [[Mesozoic]]
|rowspan="12" style="background:{{period color|Cretaceous}}" | [[Cretaceous]]
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Upper Cretaceous}}"| [[Upper Cretaceous|Upper]]
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| [[Maastrichtian]]
|rowspan="12"| [[Flowering plant]]s proliferate, along with new types of [[insect]]s. More modern [[teleost]] fish begin to appear. [[Ammonoidea]], [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]], [[rudist]] [[Bivalvia|bivalve]]s, [[Echinoidea|echinoid]]s and [[Porifera|sponges]] all common. Many new types of [[dinosaur]]s (e.g. [[Tyrannosauridae|Tyrannosaurs]], [[Titanosauridae|Titanosaurs]], [[Hadrosauridae|duck bills]], and [[Ceratopsidae|horned dinosaurs]]) evolve on land, as do [[Eusuchia]] ([[Crocodilia|modern crocodilians]]); and [[mosasaur]]s and modern [[shark]]s appear in the sea. Primitive [[bird]]s gradually replace [[pterosaurs]]. [[Monotremes]], [[marsupial]]s and [[Eutheria|placental]] mammals appear. Break up of [[Gondwana]]. Beginning of [[Laramide Orogeny|Laramide]] and [[Sevier Orogeny|Sevier Orogenies]] of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 close to present-day levels.
|style="background:{{period color|Maastrichtian}}"| 72.1 ± 0.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| [[Campanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Campanian}}"| 83.6 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| [[Santonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Santonian}}"| 86.3 ± 0.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| [[Coniacian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Coniacian}}"| 89.8 ± 0.3
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| [[Turonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Turonian}}"| 93.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| [[Cenomanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Cenomanian}}"| 100.5*
|-
|rowspan="6" style="background:{{period color|Lower Cretaceous}}"| [[Lower Cretaceous|Lower]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| [[Albian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Albian}}"| c. 113.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| [[Aptian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aptian}}"| c. 125.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| [[Barremian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Barremian}}"| c. 129.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| [[Hauterivian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hauterivian}}"| c. 132.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| [[Valanginian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Valanginian}}"| c. 139.8
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| [[Berriasian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Berriasian}}"| c. 145.0
|-
|rowspan="11" style="background:{{period color|Jurassic}}"| [[Jurassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Upper Jurassic}}"| [[Upper Jurassic|Upper]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| [[Tithonian]]
|rowspan="11"| [[Gymnosperm]]s (especially [[conifer]]s, [[Bennettitales]] and [[cycad]]s) and [[fern]]s common. Many types of [[dinosaur]]s, such as [[sauropod]]s, [[carnosaur]]s, and [[stegosaur]]s. Mammals common but small. First [[bird]]s and [[Squamata|lizards]]. [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[plesiosaur]]s diverse. [[Bivalvia|Bivalve]]s, [[Ammonite]]s and [[Belemnoidea|belemnites]] abundant. [[Sea urchin]]s very common, along with [[crinoid]]s, starfish, [[Porifera|sponges]], and [[Terebratulida|terebratulid]] and [[Rhynchonellida|rhynchonellid]] [[brachiopod]]s. Breakup of [[Pangaea]] into [[Gondwana]] and [[Laurasia]]. [[Nevadan orogeny]] in North America. [[Rangitata Orogeny|Rantigata]] and [[Cimmerian Orogeny|Cimmerian Orogenies]] taper off. Atmospheric CO2 levels 4–5 times the present day levels (1200–1500 ppmv, compared to today's 385 ppmv<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />).
|style="background:{{period color|Tithonian}}"| 152.1 ± 0.9
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| [[Kimmeridgian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kimmeridgian}}"| 157.3 ± 1.0
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| [[Oxfordian stage|Oxfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Oxfordian}}"| 163.5 ± 1.0
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Middle Jurassic}}"| [[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| [[Callovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Callovian}}"| 166.1 ± 1.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| [[Bathonian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bathonian}}"| 168.3 ± 1.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| [[Bajocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bajocian}}"| 170.3 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| [[Aalenian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aalenian}}"| 174.1 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Lower Jurassic}}"| [[Lower Jurassic|Lower]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| [[Toarcian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Toarcian}}"| 182.7 ± 0.7
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| [[Pliensbachian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pliensbachian}}"| 190.8 ± 1.0*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| [[Sinemurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sinemurian}}"| 199.3 ± 0.3*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| [[Hettangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hettangian}}"| 201.3 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Triassic}}"| [[Triassic]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Upper Triassic}}"| [[Upper Triassic|Upper]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| [[Rhaetian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Archosaur]]s dominant on land as [[dinosaur]]s, in the oceans as [[Ichthyosaur]]s and [[nothosaur]]s, and in the air as [[pterosaur]]s. [[Cynodont]]s become smaller and more mammal-like, while first [[mammal]]s and [[crocodilia]] appear. ''[[Dicroidium]]''flora common on land. Many large aquatic [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] amphibians. [[Ammonite|Ceratitic ammonoids]] extremely common. [[Scleractinia|Modern corals]] and [[teleost]] fish appear, as do many modern [[insect]] clades. [[Andes Mountains|Andean Orogeny]] in South America. [[Cimmerian Orogeny]] in Asia. [[Rangitata Orogeny]] begins in New Zealand. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] in [[Northern Australia]], Queensland and [[New South Wales]] ends, (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Rhaetian}}"| c. 208.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| [[Norian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Norian}}"| c. 228
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| [[Carnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Carnian}}"| c. 235*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Triassic}}"| [[Middle Triassic|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| [[Ladinian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ladinian}}"| c. 242*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| [[Anisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Anisian}}"| 247.2
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Lower Triassic}}"| [[Lower Triassic|Lower]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| [[Olenekian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Olenekian}}"| 251.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| [[Induan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Induan}}"| 252.2 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="48" style="background:{{period color|Paleozoic}}"| [[Paleozoic]]
|rowspan="9" style="background:{{period color|Permian}}"| [[Permian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Lopingian}}"| [[Lopingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| [[Changhsingian]]
|rowspan="9"| [[Landmass]]es unite into [[supercontinent]] [[Pangaea]], creating the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian]]s. End of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. [[Synapsida|Synapsid]] [[Reptilia|reptile]]s ([[pelycosaur]]s and [[therapsid]]s) become plentiful, while [[parareptile]]s and [[temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] [[Amphibian|amphibians]] remain common. In the mid-Permian, [[coal]]-age flora are replaced by [[Conifer cone|cone]]-bearing [[gymnosperm]]s (the first true [[seed plants]]) and by the first true [[moss]]es. [[Beetles]] and [[Fly|flies]] evolve. Marine life flourishes in warm shallow reefs; [[Productida|productid]] and [[Spiriferida|spiriferid]] brachiopods, bivalves, [[foraminifera|foram]]s, and [[orthocerid|ammonoid]]s all abundant. [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]] occurs 251[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]: 95% of life on Earth becomes extinct, including all [[trilobite]]s, [[graptolite]]s, and [[blastoid]]s. [[Ouachita Orogeny|Ouachita]] and [[Innuitian orogeny|Innuitian orogenies]] in North America. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe/Asia tapers off. [[Altai Mountains|Altaid]] orogeny in Asia. [[Hunter-Bowen Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] begins (c. 260–225 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), forming the [[MacDonnell Ranges]].
|style="background:{{period color|Changhsingian}}"| 254.2 ± 0.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| [[Wuchiapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wuchiapingian}}"| 259.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Guadalupian}}"| [[Guadalupian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| [[Capitanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Capitanian}}"| 265.1 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| [[Wordian|Wordian/Kazanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Wordian}}"| 268.8 ± 0.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| [[Roadian|Roadian/Ufimian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Roadian}}"| 272.3 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Cisuralian}}"| [[Cisuralian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| [[Kungurian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kungurian}}"| 279.3 ± 0.6
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| [[Artinskian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Artinskian}}"| 290.1 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| [[Sakmarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sakmarian}}"| 295.5 ± 0.4
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| [[Asselian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Asselian}}"| 298.9 ± 0.2*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Carboniferous}}"| [[Carboniferous|Carbon- iferous]]<ref name="carboniferous">In North America, the Carboniferous is subdivided into [[Mississippian]] and [[Pennsylvanian]] Periods.</ref>
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Pennsylvanian}}"| [[Pennsylvanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| [[Gzhelian]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Pterygota|Winged insects]] radiate suddenly; some (esp. [[Protodonata]] and [[Palaeodictyoptera]]) are quite large. [[Amphibian]]s common and diverse. First [[reptile]]s and [[coal]] forests ([[Lepidodendron|scale tree]]s, ferns, [[Sigillaria|club tree]]s, [[Calamites|giant horsetail]]s, ''[[Cordaites]]'', etc.). Highest-ever [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[oxygen]] levels. [[Goniatite]]s, brachiopods, bryozoa, bivalves, and corals plentiful in the seas and oceans. Testate [[foram]]s proliferate. [[Uralian orogeny]] in Europe and Asia. [[Variscan orogeny]] occurs towards middle and late Mississippian Periods.
|style="background:{{period color|Gzhelian}}"| 303.7 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| [[Kasimovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Kasimovian}}"| 307.0 ± 0.1
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| [[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Moscovian}}"| 315.2 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| [[Bashkirian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Bashkirian}}"| 323.2 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mississippian}}"|[[Mississippian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| [[Serpukhovian]]
|rowspan="3"| Large [[Lycopodiophyta|primitive tree]]s, first [[Tetrapoda|land vertebrate]]s, and amphibious [[eurypterid|sea-scorpion]]s live amid [[coal]]-forming coastal [[brackish water|swamp]]s. Lobe-finned [[rhizodont]]s are dominant big fresh-water predators. In the oceans, early [[Chondrichthyes|shark]]s are common and quite diverse; [[echinoderm]]s (especially [[crinoid]]s and [[blastoid]]s) abundant. [[Coral]]s, [[bryozoa]], [[Goniatitida|goniatite]]s and brachiopods ([[Productida]], [[Spiriferida]], etc.) very common, but [[Trilobita|trilobite]]s and [[nautiloid]]s decline. [[Glaciation]] in East [[Gondwana]]. [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Serpukhovian}}"| 330.9 ± 0.2
|-
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| [[Viséan]]
|style="background:{{period color|visean}}"| 346.7 ± 0.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| [[Tournaisian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tournaisian}}"| 358.9 ± 0.4*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Devonian}}"| [[Devonian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Upper Devonian}}"| [[Upper Devonian|Upper]]
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| [[Famennian]]
|rowspan="7"| First [[Lycopodiopsida|clubmoss]]es, [[Equisetophyta|horsetail]]s and [[fern]]s appear, as do the first [[seed]]-bearing plants ([[progymnosperm]]s), first [[tree]]s (the progymnosperm ''[[Archaeopteris]]''), and first (wingless) [[Insecta|insect]]s. [[Strophomenida|Strophomenid]] and [[Atrypida|atrypid]] [[brachiopod]]s, [[Rugosa|rugose]] and [[Tabulata|tabulate]] corals, and [[crinoid]]s are all abundant in the oceans. [[Goniatite]] [[Ammonite|ammonoids]] are plentiful, while squid-like [[Coleoidea|coleoids]] arise. Trilobites and armoured agnaths decline, while jawed fishes ([[Placodermi|placoderm]]s, [[Sarcopterygii|lobe-finned]] and [[Osteichthyes|ray-finned]] fish, and early [[Chondrichthyes|sharks]]) rule the seas. First [[amphibian]]s still aquatic. "Old Red Continent" of [[Euramerica]]. Beginning of [[Acadian Orogeny]] for [[Atlas Mountains|Anti-Atlas Mountains]] of [[North Africa]], and [[Appalachian Mountains]] of North America, also the [[Antler Orogeny|Antler]], [[Variscan Orogeny|Variscan]], and [[Mayor Island/Tuhua|Tuhua Orogeny]] in New Zealand.
|style="background:{{period color|Frasnian}}"| 372.2 ± 1.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| [[Frasnian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Famennian}}"| 382.7 ± 1.6*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Devonian}}"| [[Middle Devonian|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| [[Givetian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Givetian}}"| 387.7 ± 0.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| [[Eifelian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Eifelian}}"| 393.3 ± 1.2*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Lower Devonian}}"| [[Lower Devonian|Lower]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| [[Emsian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Emsian}}"| 407.6 ± 2.6*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| [[Pragian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Pragian}}"| 410.8 ± 2.8*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| [[Lochkovian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Lochkovian}}"| 419.2 ± 3.2*
|-
|rowspan="8" style="background:{{period color|Silurian}}"| [[Silurian]]
|colspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]]
|rowspan="8"| First [[Vascular plant]]s (the [[rhyniophytes]] and their relatives), first [[millipede]]s and [[Arthropleurida|arthropleurid]]s on land. First [[jawed fish]]es, as well as many [[ostracoderm|armoured]] [[agnatha|jawless fish]], populate the seas. [[Eurypterid|Sea-scorpions]] reach large size. [[Tabulate coral|Tabulate]] and [[Rugosa|rugose]] corals, [[brachiopod]]s (''Pentamerida'', [[Rhynchonellida]], etc.), and [[crinoid]]s all abundant. [[Trilobite]]s and [[mollusk]]s diverse; [[graptolite]]s not as varied. Beginning of [[Caledonian Orogeny]] for hills in England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and the [[Scandinavian Mountains]]. Also continued into Devonian period as the [[Acadian Orogeny]], above. [[Taconic Orogeny]] tapers off. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Pridoli}}"| 423.0 ± 2.3*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Ludlow}}"| [[Ludlow epoch|Ludlow]]/[[Cayugan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| [[Ludfordian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Ludfordian}}"| 425.6 ± 0.9*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| [[Gorstian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Gorstian}}"| 427.4 ± 0.5*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Wenlock}}"| [[Wenlock epoch|Wenlock]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| [[Homerian]]/[[Lockportian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Homerian}}"| 430.5 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| [[Sheinwoodian]]/[[Tonawandan]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sheinwoodian}}"| 433.4 ± 0.8*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Llandovery}}"| [[Llandovery epoch|Llandovery]]/ [[Silurian|Alexandrian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| [[Telychian]]/[[Ontarian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Telychian}}"| 438.5 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| [[Aeronian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Aeronian}}"| 440.8 ± 1.2*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| [[Rhuddanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Rhuddanian}}"| 443.4 ± 1.5*
|-
|rowspan="7" style="background:{{period color|Ordovician}}"| [[Ordovician]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Upper Ordovician}}"| [[Upper Ordovician|Upper]]
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| [[Hirnantian]]
|rowspan="7"| [[Invertebrate]]s diversify into many new types (e.g., long [[orthoconic|straight-shelled]] [[orthocerida|cephalopods]]). Early [[coral]]s, articulate [[brachiopod]]s (''Orthida'', ''Strophomenida'', etc.), [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], [[nautiloid]]s, [[trilobite]]s, [[ostracod]]s, [[bryozoa]], many types of [[echinoderms]] ([[crinoid]]s, [[Cystoidea|cystoids]], [[Asteroidea|starfish]], etc.), branched [[graptolite]]s, and other taxa all common. [[Conodont]]s (early [[plankton]]ic [[vertebrate]]s) appear. First [[Embryophyte|green plant]]s and [[fungus|fungi]] on land. Ice age at end of period.
|style="background:{{period color|Hirnantian}}"| 445.2 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| [[Katian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Katian}}"| 453.0 ± 0.7*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| [[Sandbian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Sandbian}}"| 458.4 ± 0.9*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Middle Ordovician}}"| [[Middle Ordovician|Middle]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| [[Darriwilian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Darriwilian}}"| 467.3 ± 1.1*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| [[Dapingian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Dapingian}}"| 470.0 ± 1.4*
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Lower Ordovician}}"| [[Lower Ordovician|Lower]]
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| [[Floian]] (formerly [[Arenig]])
|style="background:{{period color|Floian}}"| 477.7 ± 1.4*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| [[Tremadocian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Tremadocian}}"| 485.4 ± 1.9*
|-
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Cambrian}}"| [[Cambrian]]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Furongian}}"| [[Furongian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 10]]
|rowspan="10"| Major diversification of life in the [[Cambrian Explosion]]. Numerous fossils; most modern [[Animalia|animal]][[Phylum|phyla]] appear. First [[chordate]]s appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building [[Archaeocyatha]] abundant; then vanish. [[Trilobite]]s, [[priapulid]] worms, [[Porifera|sponges]], inarticulate [[brachiopod]]s (unhinged lampshells), and many other animals numerous. [[Anomalocarid]]s are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. [[Prokaryote]]s, [[protist]]s (e.g., [[foram]]s), [[fungus|fungi]] and [[algae]] continue to present day. [[Gondwana]] emerges. [[Petermann Orogeny]] on the [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off (550–535 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]). Ross Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]], majority of orogenic activity from 514–500[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], c. 540–440[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO2 content roughly 20–35 times present-day ([[Holocene]]) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 385 ppmv)<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 10}}"| c. 489.5
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| [[Jiangshanian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Jiangshanian}}"| c. 494*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| [[Paibian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Paibian}}"| c. 497*
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Series 3}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| [[Guzhangian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Guzhangian}}"| c. 500.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| [[Drumian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Drumian}}"| c. 504.5*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 5]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 5}}"| c. 509
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Series 2}}"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 4]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 4}}"| c. 514
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 3]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 3}}"| c. 521
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{period color|Terreneuvian}}"| [[Terreneuvian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| [[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]
|style="background:{{period color|Stage 2}}"| c. 529
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| [[Fortunian]]
|style="background:{{period color|Fortunian}}"| 541.0 ± 1.0*
|-
|rowspan="18" style="background:{{period color|Precambrian}}"| [[Precambrian|Precam- brian]]<ref name="aka-cryptozoic">The [[Precambrian]] is also known as Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="10" style="background:{{period color|Proterozoic}}"| [[Proterozoic|Proter- ozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time">The [[Proterozoic]], [[Archean]] and [[Hadean]] are often collectively referred to as the [[Precambrian|Precambrian Time]] or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.</ref>
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Neoproterozoic}}"| [[Neoproterozoic|Neo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| [[Ediacaran]]
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled animal]]s. [[Ediacaran biota]] flourish worldwide in seas. Simple [[trace fossil]]s of possible worm-like ''[[Trichophycus pedum|Trichophycus]]'', etc. First [[Porifera|sponge]]s and [[Trilobita|trilobitomorph]]s. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like''[[Dickinsonia]]''). [[Taconic Orogeny]] in North America. [[Aravalli Range]] [[orogeny]] in [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Beginning of [[Petermann Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]]. Beardmore Orogeny in Antarctica, 633–620[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Ediacaran}}"| c. 635*
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| [[Cryogenian]]
|colspan="3"| Possible "[[Snowball Earth]]" period. [[Fossil]]s still rare. [[Rodinia]] landmass begins to break up. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica tapers off.
|style="background:{{period color|Cryogenian}}"| 850<ref name="absolute-age">Defined by absolute age ([[Global Standard Stratigraphic Age]]).</ref>
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| [[Tonian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Rodinia]] supercontinent persists. [[Trace fossil]]s of simple [[multicellular|multi-celled]] [[Eukaryota|eukaryote]]s. First radiation of [[dinoflagellate]]-like [[acritarch]]s. [[Grenville Orogeny]] tapers off in North America. [[Pan-African orogeny]] in Africa. Lake Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica, 1000 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Edmundian Orogeny (c. 920 - 850[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Gascoyne Complex]], Western Australia. [[Adelaide Geosyncline]] laid down on [[Australia (continent)|Australian Continent]], beginning of [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]] in that continent.
|style="background:{{period color|Tonian}}"| 1000<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{period color|Mesoproterozoic}}"| [[Mesoproterozoic|Meso- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| [[Stenian]]
|colspan="3"| Narrow highly [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] belts due to [[orogeny]] as [[Rodinia]] forms. Late Ruker / Nimrod Orogeny in Antarctica possibly begins. Musgrave Orogeny (c. 1080 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), [[Musgrave Block]], [[Central Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Stenian}}"| 1200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| [[Ectasian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s continue to expand. [[Green algae]] [[colony (biology)|colonies]] in the seas. [[Grenville Orogeny]] in North America.
|style="background:{{period color|Ectasian}}"| 1400<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| [[Calymmian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Platform cover]]s expand. Barramundi Orogeny, [[McArthur Basin]], [[Northern Australia]], and Isan Orogeny, [[circa|c.]]1600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], Mount Isa Block, Queensland
|style="background:{{period color|Calymmian}}"| 1600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Paleoproterozoic}}"| [[Paleoproterozoic|Paleo- proterozoic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| [[Statherian]]
|colspan="3"| First [[Eukaryote|complex single-celled life]]: [[protist]]s with nuclei. [[Columbia (supercontinent)|Columbia]] is the primordial supercontinent. Kimban Orogeny in Australian Continent ends. Yapungku Orogeny on [[Yilgarn craton]], in Western Australia. Mangaroon Orogeny, 1680–1620 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], on the [[Gascoyne Complex]] in Western Australia. Kararan Orogeny (1650-[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), Gawler Craton, [[South Australia]].
|style="background:{{period color|Statherian}}"| 1800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| [[Orosirian]]
|colspan="3"| The [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] becomes [[oxygen]]ic. [[Vredefort crater|Vredefort]] and [[Sudbury Basin]] asteroid impacts. Much [[orogeny]]. [[Penokean orogeny|Penokean]] and [[Trans-Hudsonian Orogeny|Trans-Hudsonian Orogenies]] in North America. Early Ruker Orogeny in Antarctica, 2000 - 1700 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. Glenburgh Orogeny, [[Gascoyne Complex|Glenburgh Terrane]], [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] [[circa|c.]] 2005–1920 [[Year#SI prefix multipliers|Ma]]. Kimban Orogeny, [[Gawler craton]] in Australian Continent begins.
|style="background:{{period color|Orosirian}}"| 2050<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| [[Rhyacian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Bushveld Igneous Complex]] forms. [[Huronian]] glaciation.
|style="background:{{period color|Rhyacian}}"| 2300<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| [[Siderian]]
|colspan="3"| [[Oxygen catastrophe]]: [[banded iron formation]]s forms. Sleaford Orogeny on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], [[Gawler Craton]] 2440–2420 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Siderian}}"| 2500<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Archean}}"| [[Archean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| [[Neoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| Stabilization of most modern [[craton]]s; possible [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]] overturn event. Insell Orogeny, 2650 ± 150 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Abitibi greenstone belt]] in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] begins to form, stablizes by 2600 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Neoarchean}}"| 2800<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| [[Mesoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First [[stromatolite]]s (probably [[colony (biology)|colonial]] [[cyanobacteria]]). Oldest [[macrofossil]]s. Humboldt Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Blake River Megacaldera Complex]] begins to form in present-day [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], ends by roughly 2696[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Mesoarchean}}"| 3200<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| [[Paleoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| First known [[phototroph|oxygen-producing]] [[bacteria]]. Oldest definitive [[microfossils]]. Oldest [[craton]]s on Earth (such as the [[Canadian Shield]] and the [[Pilbara Craton]]) may have formed during this period<ref name="Oldest-craton">The age of the oldest measurable [[craton]], or [[continental crust]], is dated to 3600–3800 Ma</ref>. Rayner Orogeny in Antarctica.
|style="background:{{period color|Paleoarchean}}"| 3600<ref name="absolute-age" />
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| [[Eoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Eoarchean}}"| 4000
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Hadean]] <ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="hadeon-not-formal">Though commonly used, the [[Hadean]] is not a formal eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the [[lunar geologic time scale]]. These eras include the [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]] and [[Basin Groups]] (which are subdivisions of the [[Pre-Nectarian]] era), [[Nectarian]], and [[Early Imbrian]] units.</ref>
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Early Imbrian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names">These unit names were taken from the [[Lunar geologic timescale]] and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial. Note that their start times do not dovetail perfectly with the later, terrestrially defined boundaries.</ref>
|colspan="4"| Indirect [[photosynthetic]] evidence (e.g., [[kerogen]]) of primordial life. This era overlaps the end of the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] of the [[inner solar system|inner]] [[solar system]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4100
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Nectarian]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| This unit gets its name from the [[lunar geologic timescale]] when the [[Nectaris Basin]] and other greater [[lunar basin]]s form by big [[impact event]]s.
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4300
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Basin Groups]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known rock (4030 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])<ref name="Oldest-rock">{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s004100050465|title=Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada|year=1999|author=Bowring, Samuel A.|journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=134|issue=1|pages=3|last2=Williams|first2=Ian S.|bibcode=1999CoMP..134....3B}} The oldest rock on Earth is the [[Acasta Gneiss]], and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada.</ref>. The first [[organism|life form]]s and [[self-replication|self-replicating]] [[RNA]] [[molecule]]s evolve around 4000 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]], after the [[Late Heavy Bombardment]] ends on Earth. [[Napier_Mountains|Napier]] Orogeny in Antarctica, 4000 ± 200 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4500
|-
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4404 ± 8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]](4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570[[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:{{period color|Hadean}}"| c.4567
|}</div>
<includeonly>
</div>
</includeonly><noinclude>

<div style="text-align:left">
{{reflist|2}}
</div>
</div>
[[Category:Historical geology|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Historical period templates|Geologic time scale]]
[[Category:Geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Historical geology|{{PAGENAME}}]]

</noinclude>

Template:Aetosaur biochronology timeline

2013-08-09T18:58:01Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

| title=Aetosaur biochronology
|title-colour={{period color|Triassic}}

|plot-colour=#ffffff

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|triassic}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|triassic}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=25



|bar1-to=-252.2
|bar1-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}

|bar2-from=-252.2
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-252.2
|bar3-left=.09
|bar3-colour={{period color|Permian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Permian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-252.2
|bar4-to=-201.3
|bar4-left=.09
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Triassic|T r i a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-201.3
|bar5-left=.09
|bar5-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|bar18-left=0.21
|bar18-right=0.22
|bar18-colour=black
|bar18-from=-252.2
|bar18-to=-201.3



|bar7-from=-252.2
|bar7-to=-247.2
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Lower Triassic}}
|bar7-border-width=0.01
|bar7-text=[[Lower Triassic|L o w e r]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-247.2
|bar8-to=-235
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Middle Triassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.01
|bar8-text=[[Middle Triassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-235
|bar9-to=-201.3
|bar9-left=.22
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|Upper Triassic}}
|bar9-border-width=.01
|bar9-text=[[Upper Triassic|U p p e r]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2



|bar10-from=-252.2
|bar10-to=-251.2
|bar10-left=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Induan}}
|bar10-border-width=.01
|bar10-text=[[Induan]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6

|bar11-from=-251.2
|bar11-to=-247.2
|bar11-left=.34
|bar11-colour={{period color|Olenekian}}
|bar11-border-width=.01
|bar11-text=[[Olenekian]] 

|bar12-from=-247.2
|bar12-to=-242
|bar12-left=.34
|bar12-colour={{period color|Anisian}}
|bar12-border-width=.01
|bar12-text=[[Anisian]]

|bar13-from=-242
|bar13-to=-235
|bar13-left=.34
|bar13-colour={{period color|Ladinian}}
|bar13-border-width=.01
|bar13-text=[[Ladinian]]

|bar14-from=-235
|bar14-to=-228
|bar14-left=.34
|bar14-colour={{period color|Carnian}}
|bar14-border-width=.01
|bar14-text=[[Carnian]]

|bar15-from=-228
|bar15-to=-208
|bar15-text=[[Norian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.01
|bar15-left=0.34
|bar15-colour={{period color|Norian}}

|bar16-from=-208
|bar16-to=-201.3
|bar16-text=[[Rhaetian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.01
|bar16-left=0.34
|bar16-colour={{period color|Rhaetian}}


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.091
|bar17-colour=#000000


|bar21-from=-203.3
|bar21-to=-199.9
|bar21-left=0.71
|bar21-right=0.74
|bar21-colour=#000000
|note21=''Redondasuchus''
|note21-at=-202
|note21-colour=#000000
|note21-remove-arrow=yes
|note21-nudge-left=14.2

|bar22-from=-216.5
|bar22-to=-204
|bar22-left=0.67
|bar22-right=0.70
|bar22-colour=#000000
|note22=''Typothorax''
|note22-at=-205
|note22-colour=#000000
|note22-nudge-left=13.2
|note22-remove-arrow=yes

|bar23-from=-220
|bar23-to=-216.8
|bar23-left=0.55
|bar23-right=0.58
|bar23-colour=#000000
|note23=''Stagonolepis''
|note23-at=-218.5
|note23-colour=#000000
|note23-nudge-left=17
|note23-remove-arrow=yes

|bar24-from=-220
|bar24-to=-199.6
|bar24-left=0.75
|bar24-right=0.78
|bar24-colour=#000000
|note24=''Paratypothorax''
|note24-at=-210
|note24-colour=#000000
|note24-nudge-left=5.5
|note24-remove-arrow=yes

|bar25-from=-223.7
|bar25-to=-220.5
|bar25-left=0.51
|bar25-right=0.54
|bar25-colour=#000000
|note25=''Longosuchus''
|note25-at=-220.8
|note25-colour=#000000
|note25-nudge-left=18
|note25-remove-arrow=yes

|bar26-from=-223.7
|bar26-to=-209.5
|bar26-left=0.59
|bar26-right=0.62
|bar26-colour=#000000
|note26=''Desmatosuchus''
|note26-at=-213
|note26-colour=#000000
|note26-nudge-left=17.2
|note26-remove-arrow=yes

|bar27-from=-216.4
|bar27-to=-208
|bar27-left=0.63
|bar27-right=0.66
|bar27-colour=#000000
|note27=''Aetosaurus''
|note27-at=-208.5
|note27-colour=#000000
|note27-nudge-left=14.2
|note27-remove-arrow=yes

|caption=Axis scale: millions of years ago.
 References: Lucas ''et al.'' (1998),<ref name=LHH98>{{cite journal |last=Lucas |first=S.G. |coauthors=Heckert, A.B.; and Huber, P. |year=1998 |title=''Aetosaurus'' (Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance |journal=Palaeontology |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1215–1230 |url=http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2041/Pages%201215-1230.pdf}}</ref> Heckert ''et al.'' (2007)<ref name=Hetal07>{{cite book |last=Heckert |first=A.B. |coauthors=Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; and Spielmann, J.A. |year=2007 |chapter=[http://paleo.cortland.edu/globaltriassic/Bull41/16-Heckert%20et%20al%20(Aeto%20redux).pdf Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited] |title=The Global Triassic |editors=Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A. (eds.) |series=''New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin'' |volume=41 |pages=49–50}}</ref>

}}<noinclude>

{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Graphical timeline templates]]

Template:Fish graphical timeline

2013-08-09T18:56:41Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Fish_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the Devonian Period
|title-colour={{period color|Devonian}}

|from=-423
|to=-355

|height=34
|width=7


|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-419.2
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Silurian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Silurian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-419.2
|bar4-to=-358.9
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Devonian|D e v o n i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-358.9
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Carboniferous]]'''



|bar6-from=-419.2
|bar6-to=-393.3
|bar6-left=.225
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Devonian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Devonian|L o w e r]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-393.3
|bar7-to=-382.7
|bar7-left=.225
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Devonian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Devonian|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-382.7
|bar8-to=-358.9
|bar8-left=.225
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Upper Devonian}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Upper Devonian|U p p e r]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-419.2
|bar9-to=-410.8
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Lochkovian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Lochkovian}}

|bar10-from=-410.8
|bar10-to=-407.6
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Pragian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Pragian}}

|bar11-from=-407.6
|bar11-to=-393.3
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Emsian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Emsian}}

|bar12-from=-393.3
|bar12-to=-387.7
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Eifelian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Eifelian}}

|bar13-from=-387.7
|bar13-to=-382.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Givetian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Givetian}}

|bar14-from=-382.7
|bar14-to=-372.2
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Frasnian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Famennian}}

|bar15-from=-372.2
|bar15-to=-358.9
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Famennian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Frasnian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.225
|bar28-from=-419.2
|bar28-to=-358.9
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-419.2
|bar29-to=-358.9
|bar29-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-411.5
|note1=[[Rhynie chert]]<ref name="Parry">{{cite journal|last=Parry|first=S.F.|coauthors=Noble S.R., Crowley Q.G. & Wellman C.H.|year=2011|title=A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|publisher=Geological Society|location=London|volume=168|issue=4|pages=863–872|doi=10.1144/0016-76492010-043|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract}}</ref>
|note2-at=-360
|note2=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Hangenberg_event|Hangenberg event]]
|note3-at=-377.2
|note3=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event|Kellwasser event]](s)<ref name=Kaufmann2004>{{cite journal
| author = Kaufmann, B.
| coauthors = Trapp, E.; Mezger, K.
| year = 2004
| title = The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)
| journal = The Journal of Geology
| volume = 112
| issue = 4
| pages = 495–501
| doi=10.1086/421077
| bibcode=2004JG....112..495K
}}</ref>
|note4-at=-368
|note4=first [[tetrapod]]s
|note5-at=-372
|note5=most [[jawless fish]] disappear
|note6-at=-382
|note6=armoured [[placoderms]] disappear
|note7-at=-407
|note7=[[Hunsrück Slates|Hunsrück fauna]] 
|caption=Key events of the Devonian Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic graphical timeline

2013-08-09T18:53:36Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Jurassic_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Jurassic
|title-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}

|from=-205
|to=-141

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-201.3
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Triassic]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-201.3
|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic|J u r a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Cretaceous]]'''



|bar6-from=-201.3
|bar6-to=-174.1
|bar6-left=.22
|bar6-right=.345
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Jurassic}}
|bar6-border-width=0.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Jurassic|L o w e r]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.2

|bar7-from=-174.1
|bar7-to=-163.5
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.345
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Jurassic}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Jurassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-163.5
|bar8-to=-145
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.345
|bar8-colour={{period color|Upper Jurassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Upper Jurassic|U p p e r]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1


|bar9-from=-201.3
|bar9-to=-199.3
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Hettangian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Hettangian}}

|bar10-from=-199.3
|bar10-to=-190.8
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Sinemurian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Sinemurian}}

|bar11-from=-190.8
|bar11-to=-182.7
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Pliensbachian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Pliensbachian}}

|bar12-from=-182.7
|bar12-to=-174.1
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Toarcian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Toarcian}}

|bar13-from=-174.1
|bar13-to=-170.3
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Aalenian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Aalenian}}

|bar14-from=-170.3
|bar14-to=-168.3
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Bajocian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Bajocian}}

|bar15-from=-168.3
|bar15-to=-166.1
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Bathonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Bathonian}}

|bar16-from=-166.1
|bar16-to=-163.5
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Callovian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Callovian}}

|bar17-from=-163.5
|bar17-to=-157.3
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Oxfordian}}

|bar18-from=-157.3
|bar18-to=-152.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Kimmeridgian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Kimmeridgian}}

|bar19-from=-152.1
|bar19-to=-145
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Tithonian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Tithonian}}

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.225
|bar28-from=-201.3
|bar28-to=-145
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-201.3
|bar29-to=-145
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Jurassic events. Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-09T18:52:34Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-to=-66
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar1-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>

|bar2-from=-66
|bar2-left=.0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}



|bar3-to=-145
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-145
|bar4-to=-66
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar4-border-width=0.05

|bar5-from=-66
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''



|bar6-from=-145
|bar6-to=-100.5
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Lower Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Lower Cretaceous|L o w e r]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar7-from=-100.5
|bar7-to=-66
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Upper Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Upper Cretaceous|U p p e r]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=0.225
|bar28-right=0.23
|bar28-colour=black
|bar28-from=-145
|bar28-to=-66

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-145
|bar29-to=-66
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cenozoic graphical timeline

2013-08-09T02:14:00Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cenozoic_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the [[Cenozoic]]
| title-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cenozoic}}+5}}
|to={{period end|cenozoic}}

|height=24
|width=7


|legend1=[[Phanerozoic]]
|legend1-colour={{period color|phanerozoic}}
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|Phanerozoic}}


|note13=<center>'''[[Cenozoic|C e n o z o i c]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-15
|note13-nudge-left=9.25
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|period9=Cenozoic
|period9-text=
|period9-left=.1
|period9-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.252
|bar5-right=0.26
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-{{period start|Cenozoic}}
|bar5-to=-{{period end|Cenozoic}}


|period17=Quaternary
|period16=Neogene
|period15=Paleogene

|period11-left=0.26
|period12-left=0.26
|period13-left=0.26
|period14-left=0.26
|period15-left=0.26
|period16-left=0.26
|period17-left=0.26

|period15-border-width=0.08
|period17-border-width=0.08

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000

|period1=Mesozoic
|period1-border-width=0
|period1-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|cenozoic}}+5}}
|period1-text='''[[Mesozoic]]'''
|period1-left=0.1


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000

|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cenozoic events. Axis scale: [[Ma (unit)|Ma]] [[before present]].{{#if:{{{embedded|}}}}}}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

Source: http://www.stratigraphy.org/cheu.pdf

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cambrian explosion graphical timeline

2013-08-09T02:12:36Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

| link-to=Cambrian_explosion_graphical_timeline
| title=Key Cambrian explosion events

|from=-590
|to=-483.0
|height=65
|width=8
|plot-colour=#000000



|bar1-to=-541.0
|bar1-text='''[[Neoproterozoic|N e o p r o t e r o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|neoproterozoic}}

|bar2-from=-541.0
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-541.0
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|ediacaran}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Ediacaran]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-541.0
|bar4-to=-485.4
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|cambrian}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Cambrian|C a m b r i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-485.4
|bar5-to=-483.0
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|ordovician}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Ordovician]]'''



|bar7-from=-541.0
|bar7-to=-521
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Terreneuvian}}
|bar7-border-width=0
|bar7-text=[[Terreneuvian|T e r r e n e u v i a n]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-521
|bar8-to=-509
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|cambrian series 2}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Cambrian Series 2|S e r i e s 2]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-509
|bar9-to=-497
|bar9-left=.23
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|cambrian series 3}}
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-text=[[Cambrian Series 3|S e r i e s 3]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2

|bar10-from=-497
|bar10-to=-485.4
|bar10-left=.23
|bar10-right=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Furongian}}
|bar10-border-width=.05
|bar10-text=[[Furongian|F u r o n g i a n]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6



|bar11-from=-541.0
|bar11-to=-529
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-colour={{period color|Fortunian}}
|bar11-border-width=0
|bar11-text=[[Fortunian]] 

|bar12-from=-529
|bar12-to=-521
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-colour={{period color|Stage 2}}
|bar12-border-width=.05
|bar12-text="[[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]"

|bar13-from=-521
|bar13-to=-514
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-colour={{period color|Stage 3}}
|bar13-border-width=.05
|bar13-text="[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"

|bar14-from=-514
|bar14-to=-509
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-colour={{period color|Stage 4}}
|bar14-border-width=.05
|bar14-text="[[Cambrian Stage 4|Stage 4]]"

|bar15-from=-509
|bar15-to=-504.5
|bar15-text="[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-left=0.345
|bar15-colour={{period color|Stage 5}}

|bar16-from=-504.5
|bar16-to=-500.5
|bar16-text=[[Drumian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-left=0.345
|bar16-colour={{period color|Drumian}}

|bar17-from=-500.5
|bar17-to=-497
|bar17-text=[[Guzhangian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-left=0.345
|bar17-colour={{period color|Guzhangian}}

|bar18-from=-497
|bar18-to=-494
|bar18-text=[[Paibian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-left=0.345
|bar18-colour={{period color|Paibian}}

|bar19-from=-494
|bar19-to=-489.5
|bar19-text=[[Jiangshanian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-left=0.345
|bar19-colour={{period color|Jiangshanian}}

|bar20-from=-489.5
|bar20-to=-485.4
|bar20-text="[[Cambrian Stage 10|Stage 10]]"
|bar20-border-width=0.05
|bar20-left=0.345
|bar20-colour={{period color|Stage 10}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.095
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.23
|bar28-from=-541
|bar28-to=-485.4
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-541
|bar29-to=-485.4
|bar29-colour=#000000



|bar30-from=-543
|bar30-to=-541.0
|bar30-left=.131
|bar30-colour=
|bar30-border-width=.0
|bar30-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * '''
|bar30-nudge-down=0.5

|bar31-from=-547.0
|bar31-to=-541.0
|bar31-left=.131
|bar31-colour=
|bar31-border-width=.0
|bar31-text=Baykonur glaciation

|bar32-from=-547.5
|bar32-to=-545.5
|bar32-left=.131
|bar32-colour=
|bar32-border-width=.0
|bar32-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * '''
|bar32-nudge-down=0.5

|bar33-from=-585.0
|bar33-to=-582.0
|bar33-left=.131
|bar33-colour=
|bar33-border-width=.0
|bar33-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar33-nudge-down=0.7



|bar34-from=-579.0
|bar34-to=-542.0
|bar34-left=.400
|bar34-right=.950
|bar34-text=[[Ediacaran Biota|Ediacaran Biota]]
|bar34-colour=#FEB757
|bar34-border-width=.05
|bar34-border-hight=.05

|note1=[[Orsten]] Fauna
|note1-at=-497
|note1-size=75%
|note1-nudge-down=0.0

|note2=[[Burgess Shale]]
|note2-at=-504.5
|note2-size=75%
|note2-nudge-down=0.0

|note3=[[Kaili biota]]
|note3-at=-508.5
|note3-size=75%
|note3-nudge-down=0.0

|note4=[[Archaeocyatha]] extinction
|note4-at=-509.5
|note4-size=75%
|note4-nudge-down=0.5

|note5=[[Emu Bay shale|Emu Bay Shale]]
|note5-at=-513.5
|note5-size=75%
|note5-nudge-down=0.0

|note6=[[Sirius Passet]] biota
|note6-at=-517
|note6-size=75%
|note6-nudge-down=0.0

|note7=[[Chengjiang biota|Chengjiang]] biota
|note7-at=-518
|note7-size=75%
|note7-nudge-down=0.0

|note8=First arthropods with mineralized [[carapace]] ([[Trilobites]])
|note8-at=-521
|note8-size=75%
|note8-nudge-down=-0

|note9=[[Small shelly fauna|SSF]] diversification, first [[brachiopod]]s & [[archaeocyatha]]
|note9-at=-529
|note9-size=75%
|note9-nudge-down=-1

|note10=First [[halkieriid]]s, [[Helcionelloida|mollusсs]], [[hyolith]]s [[Small shelly fauna|SSF]]
|note10-at=-536
|note10-size=75%
|note10-nudge-down=-1

|note11=''[[Treptichnus pedum]]'' Large negative peak δ 13Ccarb excursion
|note11-at=-541
|note11-size=75%
|note11-nudge-down=-1.0

|note12=First ''[[Cloudina]]'' & ''[[Namacalathus]]'' mineral tubular fossils
|note12-at=-550
|note12-size=75%
|note12-nudge-down=-1.5

|note13=[[Mollusc]]-like ''[[Kimberella]]'' and its trace fossils
|note13-at=-555
|note13-size=75%
|note13-nudge-down=0

|note15=Gaskiers glaciation ''Archaeonassa''-type trace fossils
|note15-at=-584
|note15-size=75%

|caption=Stratigraphic scale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
}}
<noinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Geology timeline/doc}}
[[Category:Timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Template:Cambrian graphical timeline

2013-08-09T02:07:41Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}
| link-to=Cambrian_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cambrian
|title-colour={{period color|cambrian}}

|from=-555.5
|to=-483.0
|height=65
|width=8
|plot-colour=#000000



|bar1-to=-541.0
|bar1-text='''[[Neoproterozoic|N e o p r o t e r o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|neoproterozoic}}

|bar2-from=-541.0
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-541.0
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|ediacaran}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Ediacaran]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-541.0
|bar4-to=-485.4
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|cambrian}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Cambrian|C a m b r i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-485.4
|bar5-to=-483.0
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|ordovician}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Ordovician]]'''



|bar7-from=-541.0
|bar7-to=-521
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Terreneuvian}}
|bar7-border-width=0
|bar7-text=[[Terreneuvian|T e r r e n e u v i a n]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-521
|bar8-to=-509
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|cambrian series 2}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Cambrian Series 2|S e r i e s 2]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-509
|bar9-to=-497
|bar9-left=.23
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|cambrian series 3}}
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-text=[[Cambrian Series 3|S e r i e s 3]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2

|bar10-from=-497
|bar10-to=-485.4
|bar10-left=.23
|bar10-right=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Furongian}}
|bar10-border-width=.05
|bar10-text=[[Furongian|F u r o n g i a n]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6



|bar11-from=-541.0
|bar11-to=-529
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-colour={{period color|Fortunian}}
|bar11-border-width=0
|bar11-text=[[Fortunian]] 

|bar12-from=-529
|bar12-to=-521
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-colour={{period color|Stage 2}}
|bar12-border-width=.05
|bar12-text="[[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]"

|bar13-from=-521
|bar13-to=-514
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-colour={{period color|Stage 3}}
|bar13-border-width=.05
|bar13-text="[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"

|bar14-from=-514
|bar14-to=-509
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-colour={{period color|Stage 4}}
|bar14-border-width=.05
|bar14-text="[[Cambrian Stage 4|Stage 4]]"

|bar15-from=-509
|bar15-to=-504.5
|bar15-text="[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-left=0.345
|bar15-colour={{period color|Stage 5}}

|bar16-from=-504.5
|bar16-to=-500.5
|bar16-text=[[Drumian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-left=0.345
|bar16-colour={{period color|Drumian}}

|bar17-from=-500.5
|bar17-to=-497
|bar17-text=[[Guzhangian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-left=0.345
|bar17-colour={{period color|Guzhangian}}

|bar18-from=-497
|bar18-to=-494
|bar18-text=[[Paibian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-left=0.345
|bar18-colour={{period color|Paibian}}

|bar19-from=-494
|bar19-to=-489.5
|bar19-text=[[Jiangshanian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-left=0.345
|bar19-colour={{period color|Jiangshanian}}

|bar20-from=-489.5
|bar20-to=-485.4
|bar20-text="[[Cambrian Stage 10|Stage 10]]"
|bar20-border-width=0.05
|bar20-left=0.345
|bar20-colour={{period color|Stage 10}}

|bar22-left=.99
|bar22-right=1
|bar22-colour=#000000

|bar23-left=.09
|bar23-right=.095
|bar23-colour=#000000

|bar24-left=.22
|bar24-right=.23
|bar24-from=-541
|bar24-to=-485.4
|bar24-colour=#000000

|bar25-left=.34
|bar25-right=.345
|bar25-from=-541
|bar25-to=-485.4
|bar25-colour=#000000



|bar27-from=-543
|bar27-to=-541.0
|bar27-left=.131
|bar27-colour=
|bar27-border-width=.0
|bar27-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar27-nudge-down=0.3

|bar28-from=-547.0
|bar28-to=-541.0
|bar28-left=.131
|bar28-colour=
|bar28-border-width=.0
|bar28-text=Baykonur glaciation

|bar29-from=-547.5
|bar29-to=-545.5
|bar29-left=.131
|bar29-colour=
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar29-nudge-down=0.4



|note1=[[Orsten]] Fauna
|note1-at=-497
|note1-size=75%
|note1-nudge-down=0.0

|note2=[[Burgess Shale]]
|note2-at=-504.5
|note2-size=75%
|note2-nudge-down=0.0

|note3=[[Kaili biota]]
|note3-at=-508.5
|note3-size=75%
|note3-nudge-down=0.0

|note4=[[Archaeocyatha]] extinction
|note4-at=-509.5
|note4-size=75%
|note4-nudge-down=0.5

|note5=[[Emu Bay shale|Emu Bay Shale]]
|note5-at=-513.5
|note5-size=75%
|note5-nudge-down=0.0

|note6=[[Sirius Passet]] biota
|note6-at=-517
|note6-size=75%
|note6-nudge-down=0.0

|note7=[[Chengjiang biota|Chengjiang]] biota
|note7-at=-518
|note7-size=75%
|note7-nudge-down=0.0

|note8=First [[Trilobite]]s
|note8-at=-521
|note8-size=75%
|note8-nudge-down=0.0

|note9=[[Small shelly fauna|SSF]] diversification, first [[brachiopod]]s & [[archaeocyatha]]
|note9-at=-529
|note9-size=75%
|note9-nudge-down=-0.0

|note10=First [[halkieriid]]s, [[Helcionelloida|mollusсs]], [[hyolith]]s [[Small shelly fauna|SSF]]
|note10-at=-536
|note10-size=75%

|note11=''[[Treptichnus pedum]]'' trace Large negative peak δ 13Ccarb excursion
|note11-at=-541
|note11-size=75%
|note11-nudge-down=-1.2

|note13=First ''[[Cloudina]]'' & ''[[Namacalathus]]'' mineral tubular fossils
|note13-at=-550
|note13-size=75%

|caption=Stratigraphic scale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
}}
<noinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Geology timeline/doc}}
[[Category:Timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Template:Cambrian graphical timeline

2013-08-09T02:07:11Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}
| link-to=Cambrian_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cambrian
|title-colour={{period color|cambrian}}

|from=-555.5
|to=-483.0
|height=65
|width=8
|plot-colour=#000000



|bar1-to=-541.0
|bar1-text='''[[Neoproterozoic|N e o p r o t e r o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|neoproterozoic}}

|bar2-from=-541.0
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-541.0
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|ediacaran}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Ediacaran]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-541.0
|bar4-to=-485.4
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|cambrian}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Cambrian|C a m b r i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-485.4
|bar5-to=-483.0
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|ordovician}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Ordovician]]'''



|bar7-from=-541.0
|bar7-to=-521
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Terreneuvian}}
|bar7-border-width=0
|bar7-text=[[Terreneuvian|T e r r e n e u v i a n]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-521
|bar8-to=-509
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|cambrian series 2}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Cambrian Series 2|S e r i e s 2]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-509
|bar9-to=-497
|bar9-left=.23
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|cambrian series 3}}
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-text=[[Cambrian Series 3|S e r i e s 3]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2

|bar10-from=-497
|bar10-to=-485.4
|bar10-left=.23
|bar10-right=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Furongian}}
|bar10-border-width=.05
|bar10-text=[[Furongian|F u r o n g i a n]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6



|bar11-from=-541.0
|bar11-to=-529
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-colour={{period color|Fortunian}}
|bar11-border-width=0
|bar11-text=[[Fortunian]] 

|bar12-from=-529
|bar12-to=-521
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-colour={{period color|Stage 2}}
|bar12-border-width=.05
|bar12-text="[[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]"

|bar13-from=-521
|bar13-to=-514
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-colour={{period color|Stage 3}}
|bar13-border-width=.05
|bar13-text="[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"

|bar14-from=-514
|bar14-to=-509
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-colour={{period color|Stage 4}}
|bar14-border-width=.05
|bar14-text="[[Cambrian Stage 4|Stage 4]]"

|bar15-from=-509
|bar15-to=-504.5
|bar15-text="[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-left=0.345
|bar15-colour={{period color|Stage 5}}

|bar16-from=-504.5
|bar16-to=-500.5
|bar16-text=[[Drumian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-left=0.345
|bar16-colour={{period color|Drumian}}

|bar17-from=-500.5
|bar17-to=-497
|bar17-text=[[Guzhangian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-left=0.345
|bar17-colour={{period color|Guzhangian}}

|bar18-from=-497
|bar18-to=-494
|bar18-text=[[Paibian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-left=0.345
|bar18-colour={{period color|Paibian}}

|bar19-from=-494
|bar19-to=-489.5
|bar19-text=[[Jiangshanian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-left=0.345
|bar19-colour={{period color|Jiangshanian}}

|bar20-from=-489.5
|bar20-to=-485.4
|bar20-text="[[Cambrian Stage 10|Stage 10]]"
|bar20-border-width=0.05
|bar20-left=0.345
|bar20-colour={{period color|Stage 10}}

|bar22-left=.99
|bar22-right=1
|bar22-colour=#000000

|bar23-left=.09
|bar23-right=.095
|bar23-colour=#000000

|bar24-left=.22
|bar24-right=.23
|bar24-from=-358.9
|bar24-to=-298.9
|bar24-colour=#000000

|bar25-left=.34
|bar25-right=.345
|bar25-from=-358.9
|bar25-to=-298.9
|bar25-colour=#000000



|bar27-from=-543
|bar27-to=-541.0
|bar27-left=.131
|bar27-colour=
|bar27-border-width=.0
|bar27-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar27-nudge-down=0.3

|bar28-from=-547.0
|bar28-to=-541.0
|bar28-left=.131
|bar28-colour=
|bar28-border-width=.0
|bar28-text=Baykonur glaciation

|bar29-from=-547.5
|bar29-to=-545.5
|bar29-left=.131
|bar29-colour=
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar29-nudge-down=0.4



|note1=[[Orsten]] Fauna
|note1-at=-497
|note1-size=75%
|note1-nudge-down=0.0

|note2=[[Burgess Shale]]
|note2-at=-504.5
|note2-size=75%
|note2-nudge-down=0.0

|note3=[[Kaili biota]]
|note3-at=-508.5
|note3-size=75%
|note3-nudge-down=0.0

|note4=[[Archaeocyatha]] extinction
|note4-at=-509.5
|note4-size=75%
|note4-nudge-down=0.5

|note5=[[Emu Bay shale|Emu Bay Shale]]
|note5-at=-513.5
|note5-size=75%
|note5-nudge-down=0.0

|note6=[[Sirius Passet]] biota
|note6-at=-517
|note6-size=75%
|note6-nudge-down=0.0

|note7=[[Chengjiang biota|Chengjiang]] biota
|note7-at=-518
|note7-size=75%
|note7-nudge-down=0.0

|note8=First [[Trilobite]]s
|note8-at=-521
|note8-size=75%
|note8-nudge-down=0.0

|note9=[[Small shelly fauna|SSF]] diversification, first [[brachiopod]]s & [[archaeocyatha]]
|note9-at=-529
|note9-size=75%
|note9-nudge-down=-0.0

|note10=First [[halkieriid]]s, [[Helcionelloida|mollusсs]], [[hyolith]]s [[Small shelly fauna|SSF]]
|note10-at=-536
|note10-size=75%

|note11=''[[Treptichnus pedum]]'' trace Large negative peak δ 13Ccarb excursion
|note11-at=-541
|note11-size=75%
|note11-nudge-down=-1.2

|note13=First ''[[Cloudina]]'' & ''[[Namacalathus]]'' mineral tubular fossils
|note13-at=-550
|note13-size=75%

|caption=Stratigraphic scale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
}}
<noinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Geology timeline/doc}}
[[Category:Timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Template:Cenozoic graphical timeline

2013-08-07T14:35:21Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cenozoic_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the [[Cenozoic]]
| title-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cenozoic}}+5}}
|to={{period end|cenozoic}}

|height=24
|width=7


|legend1=[[Phanerozoic]]
|legend1-colour={{period color|phanerozoic}}
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|Phanerozoic}}


|note13=<center>'''[[Cenozoic|C e n o z o i c]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-15
|note13-nudge-left=9.25
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|period9=Cenozoic
|period9-text=
|period9-left=.1
|period9-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.252
|bar5-right=0.26
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-{{period start|Cenozoic}}
|bar5-to=-{{period end|Cenozoic}}


|period17=Quaternary
|period16=Neogene
|period15=Paleogene

|period11-left=0.26
|period12-left=0.26
|period13-left=0.26
|period14-left=0.26
|period15-left=0.26
|period16-left=0.26
|period17-left=0.26

|period15-border-width=0.08
|period17-border-width=0.08

|period1=Mesozoic
|period1-border-width=0
|period1-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|cenozoic}}+5}}
|period1-text='''[[Mesozoic]]'''
|period1-left=0.1


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000

|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cenozoic events. Axis scale: [[Ma (unit)|Ma]] [[before present]].{{#if:{{{embedded|}}}}}}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

Source: http://www.stratigraphy.org/cheu.pdf

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cenozoic graphical timeline

2013-08-07T14:33:53Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cenozoic_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the [[Cenozoic]]
| title-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cenozoic}}+6}}
|to={{period end|cenozoic}}

|height=24
|width=7


|legend1=[[Phanerozoic]]
|legend1-colour={{period color|phanerozoic}}
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|Phanerozoic}}


|note13=<center>'''[[Cenozoic|C e n o z o i c]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-15
|note13-nudge-left=9.25
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|period9=Cenozoic
|period9-text=
|period9-left=.1
|period9-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.252
|bar5-right=0.26
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-{{period start|Cenozoic}}
|bar5-to=-{{period end|Cenozoic}}


|period17=Quaternary
|period16=Neogene
|period15=Paleogene

|period11-left=0.26
|period12-left=0.26
|period13-left=0.26
|period14-left=0.26
|period15-left=0.26
|period16-left=0.26
|period17-left=0.26

|period15-border-width=0.08
|period17-border-width=0.08

|period1=Mesozoic
|period1-border-width=0
|period1-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|cenozoic}}+6}}
|period1-text='''[[Mesozoic]]'''
|period1-left=0.1


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000

|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cenozoic events. Axis scale: [[Ma (unit)|Ma]] [[before present]].{{#if:{{{embedded|}}}}}}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

Source: http://www.stratigraphy.org/cheu.pdf

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cenozoic graphical timeline

2013-08-07T14:33:24Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cenozoic_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the [[Cenozoic]]
| title-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cenozoic}}+6}}
|to={{period end|cenozoic}}

|height=24
|width=7


|legend1=[[Phanerozoic]]
|legend1-colour={{period color|phanerozoic}}
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|Phanerozoic}}


|note13=<center>'''[[Cenozoic|C e n o z o i c]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-2
|note13-nudge-left=9.25
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|period9=Cenozoic
|period9-text=
|period9-left=.1
|period9-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.252
|bar5-right=0.26
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-{{period start|Cenozoic}}
|bar5-to=-{{period end|Cenozoic}}


|period17=Quaternary
|period16=Neogene
|period15=Paleogene

|period11-left=0.26
|period12-left=0.26
|period13-left=0.26
|period14-left=0.26
|period15-left=0.26
|period16-left=0.26
|period17-left=0.26

|period15-border-width=0.08
|period17-border-width=0.08

|period1=Mesozoic
|period1-border-width=0
|period1-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|cenozoic}}+6}}
|period1-text='''[[Mesozoic]]'''
|period1-left=0.1


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000

|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cenozoic events. Axis scale: [[Ma (unit)|Ma]] [[before present]].{{#if:{{{embedded|}}}}}}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

Source: http://www.stratigraphy.org/cheu.pdf

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Fish graphical timeline

2013-08-05T20:00:18Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Fish_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the Devonian Period
|title-colour={{period color|Devonian}}

|from=-423
|to=-355

|height=34
|width=7


|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-419.2
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Silurian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Silurian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-419.2
|bar4-to=-358.9
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Devonian|D e v o n i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-358.9
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Carboniferous]]'''



|bar6-from=-419.2
|bar6-to=-393.3
|bar6-left=.225
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Devonian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Devonian|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-393.3
|bar7-to=-382.7
|bar7-left=.225
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Devonian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Devonian|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-382.7
|bar8-to=-358.9
|bar8-left=.225
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Late Devonian}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Late Devonian|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-419.2
|bar9-to=-410.8
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Lochkovian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Lochkovian}}

|bar10-from=-410.8
|bar10-to=-407.6
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Pragian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Pragian}}

|bar11-from=-407.6
|bar11-to=-393.3
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Emsian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Emsian}}

|bar12-from=-393.3
|bar12-to=-387.7
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Eifelian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Eifelian}}

|bar13-from=-387.7
|bar13-to=-382.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Givetian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Givetian}}

|bar14-from=-382.7
|bar14-to=-372.2
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Frasnian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Famennian}}

|bar15-from=-372.2
|bar15-to=-358.9
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Famennian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Frasnian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.225
|bar28-from=-419.2
|bar28-to=-358.9
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-419.2
|bar29-to=-358.9
|bar29-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-411.5
|note1=[[Rhynie chert]]<ref name="Parry">{{cite journal|last=Parry|first=S.F.|coauthors=Noble S.R., Crowley Q.G. & Wellman C.H.|year=2011|title=A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|publisher=Geological Society|location=London|volume=168|issue=4|pages=863–872|doi=10.1144/0016-76492010-043|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract}}</ref>
|note2-at=-360
|note2=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Hangenberg_event|Hangenberg event]]
|note3-at=-377.2
|note3=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event|Kellwasser event]](s)<ref name=Kaufmann2004>{{cite journal
| author = Kaufmann, B.
| coauthors = Trapp, E.; Mezger, K.
| year = 2004
| title = The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)
| journal = The Journal of Geology
| volume = 112
| issue = 4
| pages = 495–501
| doi=10.1086/421077
| bibcode=2004JG....112..495K
}}</ref>
|note4-at=-368
|note4=first [[tetrapod]]s
|note5-at=-372
|note5=most [[jawless fish]] disappear
|note6-at=-382
|note6=armoured [[placoderms]] disappear
|note7-at=-407
|note7=[[Hunsrück Slates|Hunsrück fauna]] 
|caption=Key events of the Devonian Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-05T14:28:42Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-to=-66
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar1-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>

|bar2-from=-66
|bar2-left=.0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}



|bar3-to=-145
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-145
|bar4-to=-66
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar4-border-width=0.05

|bar5-from=-66
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''



|bar6-from=-145
|bar6-to=-100.5
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar7-from=-100.5
|bar7-to=-66
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=0.225
|bar28-right=0.23
|bar28-colour=black
|bar28-from=-145
|bar28-to=-66

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-145
|bar29-to=-66
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic graphical timeline

2013-08-05T14:26:31Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Jurassic_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Jurassic
|title-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}

|from=-205
|to=-141

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-201.3
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Triassic]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-201.3
|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic|J u r a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-left=.1
|bar5-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Cretaceous]]'''



|bar6-from=-201.3
|bar6-to=-174.1
|bar6-left=.22
|bar6-right=.345
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Jurassic}}
|bar6-border-width=0.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Jurassic|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.2

|bar7-from=-174.1
|bar7-to=-163.5
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.345
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Jurassic}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Jurassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-163.5
|bar8-to=-145
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.345
|bar8-colour={{period color|Late Jurassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Late Jurassic|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1


|bar9-from=-201.3
|bar9-to=-199.3
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Hettangian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Hettangian}}

|bar10-from=-199.3
|bar10-to=-190.8
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Sinemurian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Sinemurian}}

|bar11-from=-190.8
|bar11-to=-182.7
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Pliensbachian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Pliensbachian}}

|bar12-from=-182.7
|bar12-to=-174.1
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Toarcian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Toarcian}}

|bar13-from=-174.1
|bar13-to=-170.3
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Aalenian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Aalenian}}

|bar14-from=-170.3
|bar14-to=-168.3
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Bajocian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Bajocian}}

|bar15-from=-168.3
|bar15-to=-166.1
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Bathonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Bathonian}}

|bar16-from=-166.1
|bar16-to=-163.5
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Callovian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Callovian}}

|bar17-from=-163.5
|bar17-to=-157.3
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Oxfordian}}

|bar18-from=-157.3
|bar18-to=-152.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Kimmeridgian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Kimmeridgian}}

|bar19-from=-152.1
|bar19-to=-145
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Tithonian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Tithonian}}

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.1
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.225
|bar28-from=-201.3
|bar28-to=-145
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-201.3
|bar29-to=-145
|bar29-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Jurassic events. Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Carboniferous graphical timeline

2013-08-05T14:15:02Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Carboniferous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Carboniferous
|title-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}

|from=-363
|to=-294.9

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-363
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-358.9
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Devonian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|note13=<center>'''[[Carboniferous|C a r b o n i f e r o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-318
|note13-nudge-left=10.25
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-358.9
|bar4-to=-298.9
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar4-border-width=.05

|bar5-from=-298.9
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Permian}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Permian]]'''



|note16=<center>'''[[Mississippian|M i s s - i a n]]'''</center>
|note16-size=100%
|note16-at=-327
|note16-nudge-left=9.25
|note16-remove-arrow=yes
|bar6-from=-358.9
|bar6-to=-323.2
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Mississippian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05

|note17=<center>'''[[Pennsylvanian|P e - i a n]]'''</center>
|note17-size=100%
|note17-at=-302.3
|note17-nudge-left=9.25
|note17-remove-arrow=yes
|bar7-from=-323.2
|bar7-to=-298.9
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Pennsylvanian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05


|bar8-from=-358.9
|bar8-to=-346.7
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Tournaisian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Tournaisian}}

|bar9-from=-346.7
|bar9-to=-330.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Viséan]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Visean}}

|bar10-from=-330.9
|bar10-to=-323.2
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Serpukhovian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Serpukhovian}}

|bar11-from=-323.2
|bar11-to=-315.2
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Bashkirian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Bashkirian}}

|bar12-from=-315.2
|bar12-to=-307
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Moscovian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Moscovian}}

|bar13-from=-307
|bar13-to=-303.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Kasimovian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Kasimovian}}

|bar14-from=-303.7
|bar14-to=-298.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Gzhelian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Gzhelian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000

|bar27-left=.09
|bar27-right=.095
|bar27-colour=#000000

|bar28-left=.22
|bar28-right=.23
|bar28-from=-358.9
|bar28-to=-298.9
|bar28-colour=#000000

|bar29-left=.34
|bar29-right=.345
|bar29-from=-358.9
|bar29-to=-298.9
|bar29-colour=#000000


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.09
|bar17-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-305
|note1=[[Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse]]
|note2-at=-300
|note2=[[Mazon Creek fossil beds|Essex and Braidwood fauna]]
|note3-at=-345
|note3=End of [[Romer's Gap]]
|note4-at=-360
|note4=Start of [[Romer's Gap]]
|caption=Key events of the Carboniferous Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Carboniferous graphical timeline

2013-08-05T14:10:48Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Carboniferous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Carboniferous
|title-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}

|from=-363
|to=-294.9

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-362
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-358.9
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Devonian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|note13=<center>'''[[Carboniferous|C a r b o n i f e r o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-318
|note13-nudge-left=10.25
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-358.9
|bar4-to=-298.9
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar4-border-width=.05

|bar5-from=-298.9
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Permian}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Permian]]'''



|note16=<center>'''[[Mississippian|M i s s - i a n]]'''</center>
|note16-size=100%
|note16-at=-327
|note16-nudge-left=9.25
|note16-remove-arrow=yes
|bar6-from=-358.9
|bar6-to=-323.2
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Mississippian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05

|note17=<center>'''[[Pennsylvanian|P e - i a n]]'''</center>
|note17-size=100%
|note17-at=-302.3
|note17-nudge-left=9.25
|note17-remove-arrow=yes
|bar7-from=-323.2
|bar7-to=-298.9
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Pennsylvanian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05


|bar8-from=-358.9
|bar8-to=-346.7
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Tournaisian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Tournaisian}}

|bar9-from=-346.7
|bar9-to=-330.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Viséan]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Visean}}

|bar10-from=-330.9
|bar10-to=-323.2
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Serpukhovian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Serpukhovian}}

|bar11-from=-323.2
|bar11-to=-315.2
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Bashkirian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Bashkirian}}

|bar12-from=-315.2
|bar12-to=-307
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Moscovian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Moscovian}}

|bar13-from=-307
|bar13-to=-303.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Kasimovian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Kasimovian}}

|bar14-from=-303.7
|bar14-to=-298.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Gzhelian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Gzhelian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.09
|bar17-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-305
|note1=[[Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse]]
|note2-at=-300
|note2=[[Mazon Creek fossil beds|Essex and Braidwood fauna]]
|note3-at=-345
|note3=End of [[Romer's Gap]]
|note4-at=-360
|note4=Start of [[Romer's Gap]]
|caption=Key events of the Carboniferous Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:52:45Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-to=-66
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar1-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>

|bar2-from=-66
|bar2-left=.0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}



|bar3-to=-145
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-145
|bar4-to=-66
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar4-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.225
|bar5-right=0.23
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-to=-66



|bar6-from=-145
|bar6-to=-100.5
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar7-from=-100.5
|bar7-to=-66
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar29-from=-66
|bar29-left=.1
|bar29-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar20-left=.09
|bar20-right=.1
|bar20-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:52:33Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-to=-66
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar2-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>

|bar2-from=-66
|bar2-left=.0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}



|bar3-to=-145
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar4-from=-145
|bar4-to=-66
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar4-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.225
|bar5-right=0.23
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-to=-66



|bar6-from=-145
|bar6-to=-100.5
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar7-from=-100.5
|bar7-to=-66
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar29-from=-66
|bar29-left=.1
|bar29-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar20-left=.09
|bar20-right=.1
|bar20-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:50:51Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Jurassic_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Jurassic
|title-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}

|from=-205
|to=-141

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-201.3
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Triassic]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-201.3
|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic|J u r a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Cretaceous]]'''

|bar20-left=0.21
|bar20-right=0.22
|bar20-colour=black
|bar20-from=-201.3
|bar20-to=-145


|bar6-from=-201.3
|bar6-to=-174.1
|bar6-left=.22
|bar6-right=.345
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Jurassic}}
|bar6-border-width=0.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Jurassic|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1.2

|bar7-from=-174.1
|bar7-to=-163.5
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.345
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Jurassic}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Jurassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-163.5
|bar8-to=-145
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.345
|bar8-colour={{period color|Late Jurassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Late Jurassic|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1


|bar9-from=-201.3
|bar9-to=-199.3
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Hettangian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Hettangian}}

|bar10-from=-199.3
|bar10-to=-190.8
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Sinemurian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Sinemurian}}

|bar11-from=-190.8
|bar11-to=-182.7
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Pliensbachian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Pliensbachian}}

|bar12-from=-182.7
|bar12-to=-174.1
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Toarcian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Toarcian}}

|bar13-from=-174.1
|bar13-to=-170.3
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Aalenian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Aalenian}}

|bar14-from=-170.3
|bar14-to=-168.3
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Bajocian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Bajocian}}

|bar15-from=-168.3
|bar15-to=-166.1
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Bathonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Bathonian}}

|bar16-from=-166.1
|bar16-to=-163.5
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Callovian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Callovian}}

|bar17-from=-163.5
|bar17-to=-157.3
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Oxfordian}}

|bar18-from=-157.3
|bar18-to=-152.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Kimmeridgian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Kimmeridgian}}

|bar19-from=-152.1
|bar19-to=-145
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Tithonian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Tithonian}}




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Jurassic events. Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:45:07Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-149
|to=-62

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-from=-66
|bar1-left=.0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|bar2-to=-66
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar2-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>



|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar3-from=-145
|bar3-to=-66
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar3-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.225
|bar5-right=0.23
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-to=-66



|bar6-from=-100.5
|bar6-to=-66
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-145
|bar7-to=-100.5
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar29-from=-66
|bar29-left=.1
|bar29-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar20-left=.09
|bar20-right=.1
|bar20-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:44:29Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Jurassic_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Jurassic
|title-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}

|from=-205
|to=-141

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-201.3
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Triassic]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-201.3
|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic|J u r a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Cretaceous]]'''

|bar20-left=0.21
|bar20-right=0.22
|bar20-colour=black
|bar20-from=-201.3
|bar20-to=-145


|bar6-from=-163.5
|bar6-to=-145
|bar6-left=.22
|bar6-right=.345
|bar6-colour={{period color|Late Jurassic}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Late Jurassic|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-174.1
|bar7-to=-163.5
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.345
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Jurassic}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Jurassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-201.3
|bar8-to=-174.1
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.345
|bar8-colour={{period color|Early Jurassic}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Early Jurassic|E a r l y]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-201.3
|bar9-to=-199.3
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Hettangian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Hettangian}}

|bar10-from=-199.3
|bar10-to=-190.8
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Sinemurian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Sinemurian}}

|bar11-from=-190.8
|bar11-to=-182.7
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Pliensbachian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Pliensbachian}}

|bar12-from=-182.7
|bar12-to=-174.1
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Toarcian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Toarcian}}

|bar13-from=-174.1
|bar13-to=-170.3
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Aalenian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Aalenian}}

|bar14-from=-170.3
|bar14-to=-168.3
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Bajocian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Bajocian}}

|bar15-from=-168.3
|bar15-to=-166.1
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Bathonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Bathonian}}

|bar16-from=-166.1
|bar16-to=-163.5
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Callovian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Callovian}}

|bar17-from=-163.5
|bar17-to=-157.3
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Oxfordian}}

|bar18-from=-157.3
|bar18-to=-152.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Kimmeridgian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Kimmeridgian}}

|bar19-from=-152.1
|bar19-to=-145
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Tithonian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Tithonian}}




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Jurassic events. Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Fish graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:34:58Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Fish_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the Devonian Period
|title-colour={{period color|Devonian}}

|from=-423
|to=-355

|height=34
|width=7


|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-419.2
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Silurian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Silurian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-419.2
|bar4-to=-358.9
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Devonian|D e v o n i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-358.9
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Carboniferous]]'''



|bar6-from=-419.2
|bar6-to=-393.3
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Devonian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Devonian|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-393.3
|bar7-to=-382.7
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Devonian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Devonian|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-382.7
|bar8-to=-358.9
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Late Devonian}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Late Devonian|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-419.2
|bar9-to=-410.8
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Lochkovian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Lochkovian}}

|bar10-from=-410.8
|bar10-to=-407.6
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Pragian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Pragian}}

|bar11-from=-407.6
|bar11-to=-393.3
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Emsian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Emsian}}

|bar12-from=-393.3
|bar12-to=-387.7
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Eifelian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Eifelian}}

|bar13-from=-387.7
|bar13-to=-382.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Givetian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Givetian}}

|bar14-from=-382.7
|bar14-to=-372.2
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Frasnian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Famennian}}

|bar15-from=-372.2
|bar15-to=-358.9
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Famennian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Frasnian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-411.5
|note1=[[Rhynie chert]]<ref name="Parry">{{cite journal|last=Parry|first=S.F.|coauthors=Noble S.R., Crowley Q.G. & Wellman C.H.|year=2011|title=A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|publisher=Geological Society|location=London|volume=168|issue=4|pages=863–872|doi=10.1144/0016-76492010-043|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract}}</ref>
|note2-at=-360
|note2=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Hangenberg_event|Hangenberg event]]
|note3-at=-377.2
|note3=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event|Kellwasser event]](s)<ref name=Kaufmann2004>{{cite journal
| author = Kaufmann, B.
| coauthors = Trapp, E.; Mezger, K.
| year = 2004
| title = The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)
| journal = The Journal of Geology
| volume = 112
| issue = 4
| pages = 495–501
| doi=10.1086/421077
| bibcode=2004JG....112..495K
}}</ref>
|note4-at=-368
|note4=first [[tetrapod]]s
|note5-at=-372
|note5=most [[jawless fish]] disappear
|note6-at=-382
|note6=armoured [[placoderms]] disappear
|note7-at=-407
|note7=[[Hunsrück Slates|Hunsrück fauna]] 
|caption=Key events of the Devonian Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Fish graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:32:37Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Fish_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the Devonian Period
|title-colour={{period color|Devonian}}

|from=-420
|to=-353

|height=34
|width=7


|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-419.2
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Silurian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Silurian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-419.2
|bar4-to=-358.9
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Devonian|D e v o n i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-358.9
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Carboniferous]]'''



|bar6-from=-419.2
|bar6-to=-393.3
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Devonian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Devonian|E a r l y]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-393.3
|bar7-to=-382.7
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Devonian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Devonian|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-382.7
|bar8-to=-358.9
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Late Devonian}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Late Devonian|L a t e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-419.2
|bar9-to=-410.8
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Lochkovian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Lochkovian}}

|bar10-from=-410.8
|bar10-to=-407.6
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Pragian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Pragian}}

|bar11-from=-407.6
|bar11-to=-393.3
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Emsian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Emsian}}

|bar12-from=-393.3
|bar12-to=-387.7
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Eifelian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Eifelian}}

|bar13-from=-387.7
|bar13-to=-382.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Givetian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Givetian}}

|bar14-from=-382.7
|bar14-to=-372.2
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Frasnian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Famennian}}

|bar15-from=-372.2
|bar15-to=-358.9
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Famennian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Frasnian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-411.5
|note1=[[Rhynie chert]]<ref name="Parry">{{cite journal|last=Parry|first=S.F.|coauthors=Noble S.R., Crowley Q.G. & Wellman C.H.|year=2011|title=A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|publisher=Geological Society|location=London|volume=168|issue=4|pages=863–872|doi=10.1144/0016-76492010-043|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract}}</ref>
|note2-at=-360
|note2=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Hangenberg_event|Hangenberg event]]
|note3-at=-377.2
|note3=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event|Kellwasser event]](s)<ref name=Kaufmann2004>{{cite journal
| author = Kaufmann, B.
| coauthors = Trapp, E.; Mezger, K.
| year = 2004
| title = The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)
| journal = The Journal of Geology
| volume = 112
| issue = 4
| pages = 495–501
| doi=10.1086/421077
| bibcode=2004JG....112..495K
}}</ref>
|note4-at=-368
|note4=first [[tetrapod]]s
|note5-at=-372
|note5=most [[jawless fish]] disappear
|note6-at=-382
|note6=armoured [[placoderms]] disappear
|note7-at=-407
|note7=[[Hunsrück Slates|Hunsrück fauna]] 
|caption=Key events of the Devonian Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Fish graphical timeline

2013-08-05T13:31:58Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Fish_graphical_timeline
| title=Events of the Devonian Period
|title-colour={{period color|Devonian}}

|from=-420
|to=-353

|height=34
|width=7


|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-419.2
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Silurian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Silurian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-419.2
|bar4-to=-358.9
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Devonian}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Devonian|D e v o n i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-358.9
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Carboniferous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Carboniferous]]'''



|bar6-from=-419.2
|bar6-to=-393.3
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Early Devonian}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Early Devonian|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-393.3
|bar7-to=-382.7
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Devonian}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Devonian|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-382.7
|bar8-to=-358.9
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Late Devonian}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Late Devonian|E a r l y]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-419.2
|bar9-to=-410.8
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Lochkovian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Lochkovian}}

|bar10-from=-410.8
|bar10-to=-407.6
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Pragian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Pragian}}

|bar11-from=-407.6
|bar11-to=-393.3
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Emsian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Emsian}}

|bar12-from=-393.3
|bar12-to=-387.7
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Eifelian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Eifelian}}

|bar13-from=-387.7
|bar13-to=-382.7
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Givetian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Givetian}}

|bar14-from=-382.7
|bar14-to=-372.2
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Frasnian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Famennian}}

|bar15-from=-372.2
|bar15-to=-358.9
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Famennian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Frasnian}}

|bar26-left=.99
|bar26-right=1
|bar26-colour=#000000


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.1
|bar17-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-411.5
|note1=[[Rhynie chert]]<ref name="Parry">{{cite journal|last=Parry|first=S.F.|coauthors=Noble S.R., Crowley Q.G. & Wellman C.H.|year=2011|title=A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|publisher=Geological Society|location=London|volume=168|issue=4|pages=863–872|doi=10.1144/0016-76492010-043|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract}}</ref>
|note2-at=-360
|note2=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Hangenberg_event|Hangenberg event]]
|note3-at=-377.2
|note3=[[Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event|Kellwasser event]](s)<ref name=Kaufmann2004>{{cite journal
| author = Kaufmann, B.
| coauthors = Trapp, E.; Mezger, K.
| year = 2004
| title = The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)
| journal = The Journal of Geology
| volume = 112
| issue = 4
| pages = 495–501
| doi=10.1086/421077
| bibcode=2004JG....112..495K
}}</ref>
|note4-at=-368
|note4=first [[tetrapod]]s
|note5-at=-372
|note5=most [[jawless fish]] disappear
|note6-at=-382
|note6=armoured [[placoderms]] disappear
|note7-at=-407
|note7=[[Hunsrück Slates|Hunsrück fauna]] 
|caption=Key events of the Devonian Period. Axis scale: millions of years ago.
}}<noinclude>
{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Geological history of Earth

2013-08-02T02:08:53Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Navbox with collapsible groups
|name=Geological history
|title=[[Geologic time scale|Geologic history of Earth]]
|titlestyle=background:#ee9;
|bodyclass=hlist
|groupstyle=background:#dd9;
|belowstyle=background:#dd9;
|below=Source: [http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf International Chronostratigraphic Chart (January 2013)]. [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]]. Retrieved 27 March 2013. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/fs2007-3015.pdf Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units] USGS Retrieved 10 March 2013. 
|state={{{state|autocollapse}}}
|selected={{{1|}}}
|abbr1=c
|abbr2=p
|group1=[[Precambrian|Precambrian supereon (4.567 Gya – 541.0 Mya)]]
|group1style={{{group1style|background:{{period color|precambrian}};}}}
|list1={{Navbox|child
|groupstyle=width:10em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|abovestyle=background:{{period color|precambrian}};
|above=In left column are [[eon (geology)|eon]]s; right column: '''bold''' are [[era (geology)|era]]s; not bold are [[period (geology)|period]]s:
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|precambrian}};
|below=[[mya (unit)|Mya]] = millions years ago. [[Gya]] = billions years ago.
|group1style=background:{{period color|hadean}};
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|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Chaotian (geology)|Chaotian (4.567 – 4.4 Gya)]]'''
|list2=
*'''[[Zirconian|Zirconian (4.4 – 4 Gya)]]'''
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|group2style=background:{{period color|archean}};
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|list1=
*'''[[Eoarchean|Eoarchean (4 – 3.6 Gya)]]'''
|list2=
*'''[[Paleoarchean|Paleoarchean (3.6 – 3.2 Gya)]]'''
|list3=
*'''[[Mesoarchean|Mesoarchean (3.2 – 2.8 Gya)]]'''
|list4=
*'''[[Neoarchean|Neoarchean (2.8 – 2.5 Gya)]]'''
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|group3style=background:{{period color|proterozoic}};
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|list1=
*'''[[Paleoproterozoic|Paleoproterozoic (2.5 – 1.6 Gya)]]''': [[Siderian|Siderian (2.5 – 2.3 Gya)]]
*[[Rhyacian|Rhyacian (2.3 – 2.05 Gya)]]
*[[Orosirian|Orosirian (2.05 – 1.8 Gya)]]
*[[Statherian|Statherian (1.8 – 1.6 Gya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Mesoproterozoic|Mesoproterozoic (1.6 – 1 Gya)]]''': [[Calymmian|Calymmian (1.6 – 1.4 Gya)]]
*[[Ectasian|Ectasian (1.4 – 1.2 Gya)]]
*[[Stenian|Stenian (1.2 – 1 Gya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Neoproterozoic|Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 541.0 Mya)]]''': [[Tonian|Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya)]]
*[[Cryogenian|Cryogenian (850 – 635 Mya)]]
*[[Ediacaran|Ediacaran (635 – 541.0 Mya)]]
}}}}
|group2=[[Phanerozoic|Phanerozoic eon (541.0 – 0 Mya)]]
|group2style={{{group2style|background:{{period color|phanerozoic}};}}}
|list2={{Navbox with collapsible groups|child
|selected={{{2|}}}
|abovestyle=background:{{period color|phanerozoic}};
|above=In horizontal bars are [[era (geology)|era]]s; in left column are [[period (geology)|period]]s; right column: '''bold''' are [[epoch (geology)|epoch]]s; not bold not italic are [[age (geology)|age]]s; ''italic'' are [[chron]]s:
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|phanerozoic}};
|below=[[tya|kya]] = thousands years ago. [[Mya (unit)|Mya]] = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|I.C.S.]]
|abbr1=p
|abbr2=m
|abbr3=c
|group1=[[Paleozoic|Paleozoic (541.0 – 252.17 Mya)]]
|group1style=background:{{period color|paleozoic}};
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|carboniferous}};
|below=[[Kasimovian]] and [[Gzhelian]] comprise '''[[Late Pennsylvanian|Late Pennsylvanian (307.0 – 298.9 Mya)]]''' subepoch.
|groupstyle=width:12em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|group1style=background:{{period color|cambrian}};
|group1=[[Cambrian]] {{Nobold|(541.0 – 485.4 Mya)}}
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Terreneuvian|Terreneuvian (541.0 – 521 Mya)]]''': [[Fortunian|Fortunian (541.0 – 529 Mya)]]
*[[Cambrian Stage 2|Age 2* (529 – 521 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Cambrian Series 2|Epoch 2* (521 – 509 Mya)]]''': [[Cambrian Stage 3|Age 3* (521 – 514 Mya)]]
*[[Cambrian Stage 4|Age 4* (514 – 509 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Cambrian Series 3|Epoch 3* (509 – 497 Mya)]]''': [[Cambrian Stage 5|Age 5* (509 – 504.5 Mya)]]
*[[Drumian|Drumian (504.5 – 500.5 Mya)]]
*[[Guzhangian|Guzhangian (500.5 – 497 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Furongian|Furongian (497 – 485.4 Mya)]]''': [[Paibian|Paibian (497 – 494 Mya)]]
*[[Jiangshanian|Jiangshanian (494 – 489.5 Mya)]]
*[[Cambrian Stage 10|Age 10* (489.5 – 485.4 Mya)]]
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|group2style=background:{{period color|ordovician}};
|group2=[[Ordovician]] {{Nobold|(485.4 – 443.4 Mya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Lower Ordovician|Lower Ordovician (485.4 – 470.0 Mya)]]''': [[Tremadocian|Tremadocian (485.4 – 477.7 Mya)]]
*[[Floian|Floian (477.7 – 470.0 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Middle Ordovician|Middle Ordovician (470.0 – 458.4 Mya)]]''': [[Dapingian|Dapingian (470.0 – 467.3 Mya)]]
*[[Darriwilian|Darriwilian (467.3 – 458.4 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Upper Ordovician|Upper Ordovician (458.4 – 443.4 Mya)]]''': [[Sandbian|Sandbian (458.4 – 453.0 Mya)]]
*[[Katian|Katian (453.0 – 445.2 Mya)]]
*[[Hirnantian|Hirnantian (445.2 – 443.4 Mya)]]
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|group3style=background:{{period color|silurian}};
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|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Llandovery epoch|Llandovery (443.4 – 433.4 Mya)]]''': [[Rhuddanian|Rhuddanian (443.4 – 440.8 Mya)]]
*[[Aeronian|Aeronian (440.8 – 438.5 Mya)]]
*[[Telychian|Telychian (438.5 – 433.4 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Wenlock (Silurian)|Wenlock (433.4 – 427.4 Mya)]]''': [[Sheinwoodian|Sheinwoodian (433.4 – 430.5 Mya)]]
*[[Homerian|Homerian (430.5 – 427.4 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Ludlow epoch|Ludlow (427.4 – 423.0 Mya)]]''': [[Gorstian|Gorstian (427.4 – 425.6 Mya)]]
*[[Ludfordian|Ludfordian (425.6 – 423.0 Mya)]]
|list5=
*'''[[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli (423.0 – 419.2 Mya)]]'''
}}
|group4style=background:{{period color|devonian}};
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|list4={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Lower Devonian|Lower Devonian (419.2 – 393.3 Mya)]]''': [[Lochkovian|Lochkovian (419.2 – 410.8 Mya)]]
*[[Pragian|Pragian (410.8 – 407.6 Mya)]]
*[[Emsian|Emsian (407.6 – 393.3 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Middle Devonian|Middle Devonian (393.3 – 382.7 Mya)]]''': [[Eifelian|Eifelian (393.3 – 387.7 Mya)]]
*[[Givetian|Givetian (387.7 – 382.7 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Upper Devonian|Upper Devonian (382.7 – 358.9 Mya)]]''': [[Frasnian|Frasnian (382.7 – 372.2 Mya)]]
*[[Famennian|Famennian (372.2 – 358.9 Mya)]]
}}
|group5style=background:{{period color|carboniferous}};
|group5=[[Carboniferous]] {{Nobold|(358.9 – 298.9 Mya)}}
|list5={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Mississippian|Mississippian (358.9 – 323.2 Mya)]]''': [[Tournaisian|Tournaisian (358.9 – 346.7 Mya)]]
*[[Viséan|Viséan (346.7 – 330.9 Mya)]]
*[[Serpukhovian|Serpukhovian (330.9 – 323.2 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Pennsylvanian|Pennsylvanian (323.2 – 298.9 Mya)]]''': [[Bashkirian|Bashkirian (323.2 – 315.2 Mya)]]
*[[Moscovian (Carboniferous)|Moscovian (315.2 – 307.0 Mya)]]
*[[Kasimovian|Kasimovian (307.0 – 303.7 Mya)]]
*[[Gzhelian|Gzhelian (303.7 – 298.9 Mya)]]
}}
|group6style=background:{{period color|permian}};
|group6=[[Permian]] {{Nobold|(298.9 – 252.17 Mya)}}
|list6={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Cisuralian|Cisuralian (298.9 – 272.3 Mya)]]''': [[Asselian|Asselian (298.9 – 295.0 Mya)]]
*[[Sakmarian|Sakmarian (295.0 – 290.1 Mya)]]
*[[Artinskian|Artinskian (290.1 – 283.5 Mya)]]
*[[Kungurian|Kungurian (283.5 – 272.3 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Guadalupian|Guadalupian (272.3 – 259.8 Mya)]]''': [[Roadian|Roadian (272.3 – 268.8 Mya)]]
*[[Wordian|Wordian (268.8 – 265.1 Mya)]]
*[[Capitanian|Capitanian (265.1 – 259.8 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Lopingian|Lopingian (259.8 – 252.17 Mya)]]''': [[Wuchiapingian|Wuchiapingian (259.8 – 254.14 Mya)]]
*[[Changhsingian|Changhsingian (254.14 – 252.17 Mya)]]
}}}}
|group2=[[Mesozoic|Mesozoic (252.17 – 66.0 Mya)]]
|group2style=background:{{period color|mesozoic}};
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|groupstyle=width:12em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|group1style=background:{{period color|triassic}};
|group1=[[Triassic]] {{Nobold|(252.17 – 201.3 Mya)}}
|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Lower Triassic|Lower Triassic (252.17 – 247.2 Mya)]]''': [[Induan|Induan (252.2 – 251.2 Mya)]]
*[[Olenekian|Olenekian (251.2 – 247.2 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Middle Triassic|Middle Triassic (247.2 – 235 Mya)]]''': [[Anisian|Anisian (247.2 – 242 Mya)]]
*[[Ladinian|Ladinian (242 – 235 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Upper Triassic|Upper Triassic (235 – 201.3 Mya)]]''': [[Carnian|Carnian (235 – 228 Mya)]]
*[[Norian|Norian (228 – 208.5 Mya)]]
*[[Rhaetian|Rhaetian (208.5 – 201.3 Mya)]]
}}
|group2style=background:{{period color|jurassic}};
|group2=[[Jurassic]] {{Nobold|(201.3 – 145.0 Mya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Lower Jurassic|Lower Jurassic (201.3 – 174.1 Mya)]]''': [[Hettangian|Hettangian (201.3 – 199.3 Mya)]]
*[[Sinemurian|Sinemurian (199.3 – 190.8 Mya)]]
*[[Pliensbachian|Pliensbachian (190.8 – 182.7 Mya)]]
*[[Toarcian|Toarcian (182.7 – 174.1 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Middle Jurassic|Middle Jurassic (174.1 – 163.5 Mya)]]''': [[Aalenian|Aalenian (174.1 – 170.3 Mya)]]
*[[Bajocian|Bajocian (170.3 – 168.3 Mya)]]
*[[Bathonian|Bathonian (168.3 – 166.1 Mya)]]
*[[Callovian|Callovian (166.1 – 163.5 Mya)]]
|list4=
*'''[[Upper Jurassic|Upper Jurassic (163.5 – 145.0 Mya)]]''': [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian (163.5 – 157.3 Mya)]]
*[[Kimmeridgian|Kimmeridgian (157.3 – 152.1 Mya)]]
*[[Tithonian|Tithonian (152.1 – 145.0 Mya)]]
}}
|group3style=background:{{period color|cretaceous}};
|group3=[[Cretaceous]] {{Nobold|(145.0 – 66.0 Mya)}}
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Lower Cretaceous|Lower Cretaceous (145.0 – 100.5 Mya)]]''': [[Berriasian|Berriasian (145.0 – 139.8 Mya)]]
*[[Valanginian|Valanginian (139.8 – 132.9 Mya)]]
*[[Hauterivian|Hauterivian (132.9 – 129.4 Mya)]]
*[[Barremian|Barremian (129.4 – 125.0 Mya)]]
*[[Aptian|Aptian (125.0 – 113.0 Mya)]]
*[[Albian|Albian (113.0 – 100.5 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Upper Cretaceous|Upper Cretaceous (100.5 – 66.0 Mya)]]''': [[Cenomanian|Cenomanian (100.5 – 93.9 Mya)]]
*[[Turonian|Turonian (93.9 – 89.8 Mya)]]
*[[Coniacian|Coniacian (89.8 – 86.3 Mya)]]
*[[Santonian|Santonian (86.3 – 83.6 Mya)]]
*[[Campanian|Campanian (83.6 – 72.1 Mya)]]
*[[Maastrichtian|Maastrichtian (72.1 – 66.0 Mya)]]
}}}}
|group3=[[Cenozoic|Cenozoic (66.0 – 0 Mya)]]
|group3style=background:{{period color|cenozoic}};
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|belowstyle=background:{{period color|quaternary}};
|below='''[[Paleogene]]''', '''[[Neogene]]''' and early '''[[Pleistocene]]''' comprise former '''[[Tertiary|Tertiary* (66.0 – 1.8 Mya)]]''' period. [[Gelasian]] and [[Calabrian (stage)|Calabrian]] comprise '''[[Early Pleistocene|Early Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 781 kya)]]''' subepoch.
|groupstyle=width:12em;
|liststyle=width:auto;
|group1style=background:{{period color|paleogene}};
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|list1={{Navbox subgroup
|list1=
*'''[[Paleocene|Paleocene (66.0 – 56.0 Mya)]]''': [[Danian|Danian (66.0 – 61.6 Mya)]]
*[[Selandian|Selandian (61.6 – 59.2 Mya)]]
*[[Thanetian|Thanetian (59.2 – 56.0 Mya)]]
|list2=
*'''[[Eocene|Eocene (56.0 – 33.9 Mya)]]''': [[Ypresian|Ypresian (56.0 – 47.8 Mya)]]
*[[Lutetian|Lutetian (47.8 – 41.3 Mya)]]
*[[Bartonian|Bartonian (41.3 – 38.0 Mya)]]
*[[Priabonian|Priabonian (38.0 – 33.9 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Oligocene|Oligocene (33.9 – 23.03 Mya)]]''': [[Rupelian|Rupelian (33.9 – 28.1 Mya)]]
*[[Chattian|Chattian (28.1 – 23.03 Mya)]]
}}
|group2style=background:{{period color|neogene}};
|group2=[[Neogene]] {{Nobold|(23.03 – 2.588 Mya)}}
|list2={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Miocene|Miocene (23.03 – 5.333 Mya)]]''': [[Aquitanian (stage)|Aquitanian (23.03 – 20.44 Mya)]]
*[[Burdigalian|Burdigalian (20.44 – 15.97 Mya)]]
*[[Langhian|Langhian (15.97 – 13.82 Mya)]]
*[[Serravallian|Serravallian (13.82 – 11.62 Mya)]]
*[[Tortonian|Tortonian (11.62 – 7.246 Mya)]]
*[[Messinian|Messinian (7.246 – 5.333 Mya)]]
|list3=
*'''[[Pliocene|Pliocene (5.333 – 2.588 Mya)]]''': [[Piacenzian|Piacenzian (5.333 – 3.600 Mya)]]
*[[Zanclean|Zanclean (3.600 – 2.588 Mya)]]
}}
|group3style=background:{{period color|quaternary}};
|group3=[[Quaternary]] {{Nobold|(2.588 – 0 Mya)}}
|list3={{Navbox subgroup
|list2=
*'''[[Pleistocene|Pleistocene (2.588 Mya – 11.7 kya)]]''': [[Gelasian|Gelasian (2.588 – 1.806 Mya)]]
*[[Calabrian (stage)|Calabrian (1.806 Mya – 781 kya)]]
*[[Middle Pleistocene|Middle Pleistocene (Ionian) (781 – 126 kya)]]
*[[Late Pleistocene|Late Pleistocene (Tarantian) (126 – 11.7 kya)]]: ''[[Oldest Dryas|Oldest Dryas* (18 – 14.67 kya)]]''
*''[[Bølling oscillation|Bølling* (14.67 – 14 kya)]]''
*''[[Older Dryas|Older Dryas* (14 – 13.7 kya)]]''
*''[[Allerød oscillation|Allerød* (13.7 – 12.8 kya)]]''
*''[[Younger Dryas|Younger Dryas* (12.8 – 11.7 kya)]]''
|list3=
*'''[[Holocene|Holocene (11.7 – 0 kya)]]''': ''[[Preboreal|Preboreal* (11.7 – 9 kya)]]''
*''[[Boreal (age)|Boreal* (9 – 8 kya)]]''
*''[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic* (8 – 5 kya)]]''
*''[[Subboreal|Subboreal* (5 – 2.5 kya)]]''
*''[[Subatlantic|Subatlantic* (2.5 – 0 kya)]]''
}}}}}}}}<noinclude>

 {{collapsible option}}
[[Category:geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Historical geology|{{PAGENAME}}]]
</noinclude>

Template:Aetosaur biochronology timeline

2013-07-30T01:12:40Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

| title=Aetosaur biochronology
|title-colour={{period color|Triassic}}

|plot-colour=#ffffff

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|triassic}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|triassic}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=25



|bar1-to=-252.2
|bar1-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}

|bar2-from=-252.2
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-252.2
|bar3-left=.09
|bar3-colour={{period color|Permian}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Permian]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-252.2
|bar4-to=-201.3
|bar4-left=.09
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Triassic|T r i a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-201.3
|bar5-left=.09
|bar5-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|bar18-left=0.21
|bar18-right=0.22
|bar18-colour=black
|bar18-from=-252.2
|bar18-to=-201.3



|bar7-from=-252.2
|bar7-to=-247.2
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Early Triassic}}
|bar7-border-width=0.01
|bar7-text=[[Early Triassic|E a r l y]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-247.2
|bar8-to=-235
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|Middle Triassic}}
|bar8-border-width=.01
|bar8-text=[[Middle Triassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-235
|bar9-to=-201.3
|bar9-left=.22
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|Late Triassic}}
|bar9-border-width=.01
|bar9-text=[[Late Triassic|L a t e]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2



|bar10-from=-252.2
|bar10-to=-251.2
|bar10-left=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Induan}}
|bar10-border-width=.01
|bar10-text=[[Induan]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6

|bar11-from=-251.2
|bar11-to=-247.2
|bar11-left=.34
|bar11-colour={{period color|Olenekian}}
|bar11-border-width=.01
|bar11-text=[[Olenekian]] 

|bar12-from=-247.2
|bar12-to=-242
|bar12-left=.34
|bar12-colour={{period color|Anisian}}
|bar12-border-width=.01
|bar12-text=[[Anisian]]

|bar13-from=-242
|bar13-to=-235
|bar13-left=.34
|bar13-colour={{period color|Ladinian}}
|bar13-border-width=.01
|bar13-text=[[Ladinian]]

|bar14-from=-235
|bar14-to=-228
|bar14-left=.34
|bar14-colour={{period color|Carnian}}
|bar14-border-width=.01
|bar14-text=[[Carnian]]

|bar15-from=-228
|bar15-to=-208
|bar15-text=[[Norian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.01
|bar15-left=0.34
|bar15-colour={{period color|Norian}}

|bar16-from=-208
|bar16-to=-201.3
|bar16-text=[[Rhaetian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.01
|bar16-left=0.34
|bar16-colour={{period color|Rhaetian}}


|bar17-left=.09
|bar17-right=.091
|bar17-colour=#000000


|bar21-from=-203.3
|bar21-to=-199.9
|bar21-left=0.71
|bar21-right=0.74
|bar21-colour=#000000
|note21=''Redondasuchus''
|note21-at=-202
|note21-colour=#000000
|note21-remove-arrow=yes
|note21-nudge-left=14.2

|bar22-from=-216.5
|bar22-to=-204
|bar22-left=0.67
|bar22-right=0.70
|bar22-colour=#000000
|note22=''Typothorax''
|note22-at=-205
|note22-colour=#000000
|note22-nudge-left=13.2
|note22-remove-arrow=yes

|bar23-from=-220
|bar23-to=-216.8
|bar23-left=0.55
|bar23-right=0.58
|bar23-colour=#000000
|note23=''Stagonolepis''
|note23-at=-218.5
|note23-colour=#000000
|note23-nudge-left=17
|note23-remove-arrow=yes

|bar24-from=-220
|bar24-to=-199.6
|bar24-left=0.75
|bar24-right=0.78
|bar24-colour=#000000
|note24=''Paratypothorax''
|note24-at=-210
|note24-colour=#000000
|note24-nudge-left=5.5
|note24-remove-arrow=yes

|bar25-from=-223.7
|bar25-to=-220.5
|bar25-left=0.51
|bar25-right=0.54
|bar25-colour=#000000
|note25=''Longosuchus''
|note25-at=-220.8
|note25-colour=#000000
|note25-nudge-left=18
|note25-remove-arrow=yes

|bar26-from=-223.7
|bar26-to=-209.5
|bar26-left=0.59
|bar26-right=0.62
|bar26-colour=#000000
|note26=''Desmatosuchus''
|note26-at=-213
|note26-colour=#000000
|note26-nudge-left=17.2
|note26-remove-arrow=yes

|bar27-from=-216.4
|bar27-to=-208
|bar27-left=0.63
|bar27-right=0.66
|bar27-colour=#000000
|note27=''Aetosaurus''
|note27-at=-208.5
|note27-colour=#000000
|note27-nudge-left=14.2
|note27-remove-arrow=yes

|caption=Axis scale: millions of years ago.
 References: Lucas ''et al.'' (1998),<ref name=LHH98>{{cite journal |last=Lucas |first=S.G. |coauthors=Heckert, A.B.; and Huber, P. |year=1998 |title=''Aetosaurus'' (Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance |journal=Palaeontology |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1215–1230 |url=http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2041/Pages%201215-1230.pdf}}</ref> Heckert ''et al.'' (2007)<ref name=Hetal07>{{cite book |last=Heckert |first=A.B. |coauthors=Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; and Spielmann, J.A. |year=2007 |chapter=[http://paleo.cortland.edu/globaltriassic/Bull41/16-Heckert%20et%20al%20(Aeto%20redux).pdf Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited] |title=The Global Triassic |editors=Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A. (eds.) |series=''New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin'' |volume=41 |pages=49–50}}</ref>

}}<noinclude>

{{Template reference list}}

[[Category:Graphical timeline templates]]

Template:Cambrian explosion graphical timeline

2013-07-30T01:07:56Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off

| link-to=Cambrian_explosion_graphical_timeline
| title=Key Cambrian explosion events

|from=-590
|to=-483.0
|height=65
|width=8
|plot-colour=#000000



|bar1-to=-541.0
|bar1-text='''[[Neoproterozoic|N e o p r o t e r o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|neoproterozoic}}

|bar2-from=-541.0
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-541.0
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|ediacaran}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Ediacaran]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-541.0
|bar4-to=-485.4
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|cambrian}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Cambrian|C a m b r i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-485.4
|bar5-to=-483.0
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|ordovician}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Ordovician]]'''



|bar7-from=-541.0
|bar7-to=-521
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Terreneuvian}}
|bar7-border-width=0
|bar7-text=[[Terreneuvian|T e r r e n e u v i a n]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-521
|bar8-to=-509
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|cambrian series 2}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Cambrian Series 2|S e r i e s 2]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-509
|bar9-to=-497
|bar9-left=.23
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|cambrian series 3}}
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-text=[[Cambrian Series 3|S e r i e s 3]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2

|bar10-from=-497
|bar10-to=-485.4
|bar10-left=.23
|bar10-right=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Furongian}}
|bar10-border-width=.05
|bar10-text=[[Furongian|F u r o n g i a n]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6



|bar11-from=-541.0
|bar11-to=-529
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-colour={{period color|Fortunian}}
|bar11-border-width=0
|bar11-text=[[Fortunian]] 

|bar12-from=-529
|bar12-to=-521
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-colour={{period color|Stage 2}}
|bar12-border-width=.05
|bar12-text="[[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]"

|bar13-from=-521
|bar13-to=-514
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-colour={{period color|Stage 3}}
|bar13-border-width=.05
|bar13-text="[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"

|bar14-from=-514
|bar14-to=-509
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-colour={{period color|Stage 4}}
|bar14-border-width=.05
|bar14-text="[[Cambrian Stage 4|Stage 4]]"

|bar15-from=-509
|bar15-to=-504.5
|bar15-text="[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-left=0.345
|bar15-colour={{period color|Stage 5}}

|bar16-from=-504.5
|bar16-to=-500.5
|bar16-text=[[Drumian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-left=0.345
|bar16-colour={{period color|Drumian}}

|bar17-from=-500.5
|bar17-to=-497
|bar17-text=[[Guzhangian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-left=0.345
|bar17-colour={{period color|Guzhangian}}

|bar18-from=-497
|bar18-to=-494
|bar18-text=[[Paibian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-left=0.345
|bar18-colour={{period color|Paibian}}

|bar19-from=-494
|bar19-to=-489.5
|bar19-text=[[Jiangshanian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-left=0.345
|bar19-colour={{period color|Jiangshanian}}

|bar20-from=-489.5
|bar20-to=-485.4
|bar20-text="[[Cambrian Stage 10|Stage 10]]"
|bar20-border-width=0.05
|bar20-left=0.345
|bar20-colour={{period color|Stage 10}}



|bar30-from=-543
|bar30-to=-541.0
|bar30-left=.131
|bar30-colour=
|bar30-border-width=.0
|bar30-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * '''
|bar30-nudge-down=0.5

|bar31-from=-547.0
|bar31-to=-541.0
|bar31-left=.131
|bar31-colour=
|bar31-border-width=.0
|bar31-text=Baykonur glaciation

|bar32-from=-547.5
|bar32-to=-545.5
|bar32-left=.131
|bar32-colour=
|bar32-border-width=.0
|bar32-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * '''
|bar32-nudge-down=0.5

|bar33-from=-585.0
|bar33-to=-582.0
|bar33-left=.131
|bar33-colour=
|bar33-border-width=.0
|bar33-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar33-nudge-down=0.7



|bar29-from=-579.0
|bar29-to=-542.0
|bar29-left=.400
|bar29-right=.950
|bar29-text=[[Ediacaran Biota|Ediacaran Biota]]
|bar29-colour=#FEB757
|bar29-border-width=.05
|bar29-border-hight=.05

|note1=[[Orsten]] Fauna
|note1-at=-497
|note1-size=75%
|note1-nudge-down=0.0

|note2=[[Burgess Shale]]
|note2-at=-504.5
|note2-size=75%
|note2-nudge-down=0.0

|note3=[[Kaili biota]]
|note3-at=-508.5
|note3-size=75%
|note3-nudge-down=0.0

|note4=[[Archaeocyatha]] extinction
|note4-at=-509.5
|note4-size=75%
|note4-nudge-down=0.5

|note5=[[Emu Bay shale|Emu Bay Shale]]
|note5-at=-513.5
|note5-size=75%
|note5-nudge-down=0.0

|note6=[[Sirius Passet]] biota
|note6-at=-517
|note6-size=75%
|note6-nudge-down=0.0

|note7=[[Chengjiang biota|Chengjiang]] biota
|note7-at=-518
|note7-size=75%
|note7-nudge-down=0.0

|note8=First arthropods with mineralized [[carapace]] ([[Trilobites]])
|note8-at=-521
|note8-size=75%
|note8-nudge-down=-0

|note9=[[Small shelly fauna|SSF]] diversification, first [[brachiopod]]s & [[archaeocyatha]]
|note9-at=-529
|note9-size=75%
|note9-nudge-down=-1

|note10=First [[halkieriid]]s, [[Helcionelloida|mollusсs]], [[hyolith]]s [[Small shelly fauna|SSF]]
|note10-at=-536
|note10-size=75%
|note10-nudge-down=-1

|note11=''[[Treptichnus pedum]]'' Large negative peak δ 13Ccarb excursion
|note11-at=-541
|note11-size=75%
|note11-nudge-down=-1.0

|note12=First ''[[Cloudina]]'' & ''[[Namacalathus]]'' mineral tubular fossils
|note12-at=-550
|note12-size=75%
|note12-nudge-down=-1.5

|note13=[[Mollusc]]-like ''[[Kimberella]]'' and its trace fossils
|note13-at=-555
|note13-size=75%
|note13-nudge-down=0

|note15=Gaskiers glaciation ''Archaeonassa''-type trace fossils
|note15-at=-584
|note15-size=75%

|caption=Stratigraphic scale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
}}
<noinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Geology timeline/doc}}
[[Category:Timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Template:All time 250px

2013-07-21T12:50:42Z

24.218.110.195:

<div id=Timeline-row style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; font-size:small; position:relative; z-index:0;">
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Hadean|Had'n|top=1}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Eoarchean}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Paleoarchean}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Mesoarchean}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|neoarchean}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Archean|Archean|top=1}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|paleoproterozoic}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|mesoproterozoic}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|neoproterozoic}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Proterozoic|Proterozoic|top=1}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Paleozoic}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Mesozoic}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Cenozoic}}
{{long fossil range/bar 250|Phanerozoic|Pha.|top=1}}
<div id=end-border style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:249px"></div><noinclude></div>Note: This intentionally includes a hanging div. You need to close it after you've included any scales, etc.
[[Category:Geology templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

</noinclude>

Template:Cambrian graphical timeline

2013-07-02T21:56:33Z

24.218.110.195: use another template for the classical series. Until Template:Cambrian table template is created, this template can't have classical series. This template is used for cambrian subdivisons

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}
| link-to=Cambrian_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cambrian
|title-colour={{period color|cambrian}}

|from=-555.5
|to=-483.0
|height=65
|width=8
|plot-colour=#000000



|bar1-to=-541.0
|bar1-text='''[[Neoproterozoic|N e o p r o t e r o z o i c]]'''
|bar1-nudge-down=-5
|bar1-right=.09
|bar1-colour={{period color|neoproterozoic}}

|bar2-from=-541.0
|bar2-text='''[[Paleozoic|P a l e o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|paleozoic}}



|bar3-to=-541.0
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|ediacaran}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Ediacaran]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-541.0
|bar4-to=-485.4
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|cambrian}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Cambrian|C a m b r i a n]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-485.4
|bar5-to=-483.0
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|ordovician}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Ordovician]]'''



|bar7-from=-541.0
|bar7-to=-521
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.375
|bar7-colour={{period color|Terreneuvian}}
|bar7-border-width=0
|bar7-text=[[Terreneuvian|T e r r e n e u v i a n]] 
|bar7-nudge-down=-3.8

|bar8-from=-521
|bar8-to=-509
|bar8-left=.23
|bar8-right=.34
|bar8-colour={{period color|cambrian series 2}}
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-text=[[Cambrian Series 2|S e r i e s 2]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-2

|bar9-from=-509
|bar9-to=-497
|bar9-left=.23
|bar9-right=.34
|bar9-colour={{period color|cambrian series 3}}
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-text=[[Cambrian Series 3|S e r i e s 3]]
|bar9-nudge-down=-2.2

|bar10-from=-497
|bar10-to=-485.4
|bar10-left=.23
|bar10-right=.34
|bar10-colour={{period color|Furongian}}
|bar10-border-width=.05
|bar10-text=[[Furongian|F u r o n g i a n]]
|bar10-nudge-down=-2.6



|bar11-from=-541.0
|bar11-to=-529
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-colour={{period color|Fortunian}}
|bar11-border-width=0
|bar11-text=[[Fortunian]] 

|bar12-from=-529
|bar12-to=-521
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-colour={{period color|Stage 2}}
|bar12-border-width=.05
|bar12-text="[[Cambrian Stage 2|Stage 2]]"

|bar13-from=-521
|bar13-to=-514
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-colour={{period color|Stage 3}}
|bar13-border-width=.05
|bar13-text="[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"

|bar14-from=-514
|bar14-to=-509
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-colour={{period color|Stage 4}}
|bar14-border-width=.05
|bar14-text="[[Cambrian Stage 4|Stage 4]]"

|bar15-from=-509
|bar15-to=-504.5
|bar15-text="[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-left=0.345
|bar15-colour={{period color|Stage 5}}

|bar16-from=-504.5
|bar16-to=-500.5
|bar16-text=[[Drumian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-left=0.345
|bar16-colour={{period color|Drumian}}

|bar17-from=-500.5
|bar17-to=-497
|bar17-text=[[Guzhangian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-left=0.345
|bar17-colour={{period color|Guzhangian}}

|bar18-from=-497
|bar18-to=-494
|bar18-text=[[Paibian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-left=0.345
|bar18-colour={{period color|Paibian}}

|bar19-from=-494
|bar19-to=-489.5
|bar19-text=[[Jiangshanian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-left=0.345
|bar19-colour={{period color|Jiangshanian}}

|bar20-from=-489.5
|bar20-to=-485.4
|bar20-text="[[Cambrian Stage 10|Stage 10]]"
|bar20-border-width=0.05
|bar20-left=0.345
|bar20-colour={{period color|Stage 10}}

|bar21-from=-485.4
|bar21-to=-485.26
|bar21-left=.131
|bar21-colour=black
|bar21-border-width=.05

|bar22-from=-541.0
|bar22-to=-540.86
|bar22-left=0
|bar22-colour=black
|bar22-border-width=.05



|bar27-from=-543
|bar27-to=-541.0
|bar27-left=.131
|bar27-colour=
|bar27-border-width=.0
|bar27-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar27-nudge-down=0.3

|bar28-from=-547.0
|bar28-to=-541.0
|bar28-left=.131
|bar28-colour=
|bar28-border-width=.0
|bar28-text=Baykonur glaciation

|bar29-from=-547.5
|bar29-to=-545.5
|bar29-left=.131
|bar29-colour=
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *'''
|bar29-nudge-down=0.4



|note1=[[Orsten]] Fauna
|note1-at=-497
|note1-size=75%
|note1-nudge-down=0.0

|note2=[[Burgess Shale]]
|note2-at=-504.5
|note2-size=75%
|note2-nudge-down=0.0

|note3=[[Kaili biota]]
|note3-at=-508.5
|note3-size=75%
|note3-nudge-down=0.0

|note4=[[Archaeocyatha]] extinction
|note4-at=-509.5
|note4-size=75%
|note4-nudge-down=0.5

|note5=[[Emu Bay shale|Emu Bay Shale]]
|note5-at=-513.5
|note5-size=75%
|note5-nudge-down=0.0

|note6=[[Sirius Passet]] biota
|note6-at=-517
|note6-size=75%
|note6-nudge-down=0.0

|note7=[[Chengjiang biota|Chengjiang]] biota
|note7-at=-518
|note7-size=75%
|note7-nudge-down=0.0

|note8=First [[Trilobite]]s
|note8-at=-521
|note8-size=75%
|note8-nudge-down=0.0

|note9=[[Small shelly fauna|SSF]] diversification, first [[brachiopod]]s & [[archaeocyatha]]
|note9-at=-529
|note9-size=75%
|note9-nudge-down=-0.0

|note10=First [[halkieriid]]s, [[Helcionelloida|mollusсs]], [[hyolith]]s [[Small shelly fauna|SSF]]
|note10-at=-536
|note10-size=75%

|note11=''[[Treptichnus pedum]]'' trace Large negative peak δ 13Ccarb excursion
|note11-at=-541
|note11-size=75%
|note11-nudge-down=-1.2

|note13=First ''[[Cloudina]]'' & ''[[Namacalathus]]'' mineral tubular fossils
|note13-at=-550
|note13-size=75%

|caption=Stratigraphic scale of the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
}}
<noinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Geology timeline/doc}}
[[Category:Timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude>

Template:Jurassic graphical timeline

2013-07-02T02:55:15Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Jurassic_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Jurassic
|title-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|jurassic}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=8



|bar2-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|jurassic}}+4}}
|bar2-text='''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''
|bar2-nudge-down=-5
|bar2-right=.09
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}



|bar3-to=-201.3
|bar3-left=.095
|bar3-colour={{period color|Triassic}}
|bar3-border-width=.0
|bar3-text='''[[Triassic]]'''
|bar3-nudge-down=0

|bar4-from=-201.3
|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.095
|bar4-right=.22
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.05
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic|J u r a s s i c]]'''
|bar4-nudge-down=-5

|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-left=.095
|bar5-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar5-border-width=.0
|bar5-text='''[[Cretaceous]]'''

|bar20-left=0.21
|bar20-right=0.22
|bar20-colour=black
|bar20-from=-201.3
|bar20-to=-145


|bar6-from=-163.5
|bar6-to=-145
|bar6-left=.22
|bar6-right=.345
|bar6-colour={{period color|Late Jurassic}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Late Jurassic|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-174.1
|bar7-to=-163.5
|bar7-left=.22
|bar7-right=.345
|bar7-colour={{period color|Middle Jurassic}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Middle Jurassic|M i d d l e]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4

|bar8-from=-201.3
|bar8-to=-174.1
|bar8-left=.22
|bar8-right=.345
|bar8-colour={{period color|Early Jurassic}}
|bar8-border-width=0.05
|bar8-text=[[Early Jurassic|E a r l y]]
|bar8-nudge-down=-1.2


|bar9-from=-201.3
|bar9-to=-199.3
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Hettangian]]
|bar9-border-width=.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Hettangian}}

|bar10-from=-199.3
|bar10-to=-190.8
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Sinemurian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Sinemurian}}

|bar11-from=-190.8
|bar11-to=-182.7
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Pliensbachian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Pliensbachian}}

|bar12-from=-182.7
|bar12-to=-174.1
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Toarcian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Toarcian}}

|bar13-from=-174.1
|bar13-to=-170.3
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Aalenian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Aalenian}}

|bar14-from=-170.3
|bar14-to=-168.3
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Bajocian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Bajocian}}

|bar15-from=-168.3
|bar15-to=-166.1
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Bathonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Bathonian}}

|bar16-from=-166.1
|bar16-to=-163.5
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Callovian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Callovian}}

|bar17-from=-163.5
|bar17-to=-157.3
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Oxfordian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Oxfordian}}

|bar18-from=-157.3
|bar18-to=-152.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Kimmeridgian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Kimmeridgian}}

|bar19-from=-152.1
|bar19-to=-145
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Tithonian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Tithonian}}




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Jurassic events. Vertical axis: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cryogenian graphical timeline

2013-07-02T02:52:57Z

24.218.110.195:

<noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Geology timeline/doc}}</noinclude>{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cryogenian graphical timeline
|title=Events of the Cryogenian Period
|title-color={{period color|Cryogenian}}

|from=-861
|to=-610
|width=7



|bar5-text='''[[Neoproterozoic|N e o p r o t e r o z o i c]]'''
|bar5-nudge-down=-5
|bar5-right=.18
|bar5-colour={{period color|neoproterozoic}}

|bar2-right=.2
|bar2-colour={{period color|Cryogenian}}
|legend3=Major [[Glacial period]]
|legend3-colour=#27A1D9


|period3=Cryogenian
|period3-text=[[Cryogenian]]
|period3-left=0.2
|period3-nudge-down = 5
|period4=Ediacaran
|period4-left=0.2
|period4-text=[[Ediacaran]]
|period4-to=-610
|period5-left=0.2
|period5=Tonian
|period5-from=-861
|period5-text=[[Tonian]]


|bar11-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cryogenian}}+0.25}}
|bar11-to=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cryogenian}}-0.25}}
|bar11-colour=black
|bar11-left=0.2

|bar12-from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Ediacaran}}+0.25}}
|bar12-to=-{{#expr:{{period start|Ediacaran}}-0.25}}
|bar12-colour=black
|bar12-left=0.2



|bar21-from=-650.0
|bar21-to=-635.0
|bar21-colour=#27A1D9
|bar21-text=[[Marinoan glaciation|Marinoan]]<ref name="Arnaud 2011">{{cite journal|last=Arnaud|first=E.|coauthors=Halverson, G. P.; Shields-Zhou, G.|title=Chapter 1 The geological record of Neoproterozoic ice ages|journal=Geological Society, London, Memoirs|date=30 November 2011|volume=36|issue=1|pages=1–16|doi=10.1144/M36.1}}</ref>
|bar21-left=0.3
|bar21-right=0.98

|bar22-from=-720.0
|bar22-to=-660.0
|bar22-colour=#27A1D9
|bar22-text=[[Sturtian glaciation|Sturtian]]<ref name="Arnaud 2011" />
|bar22-left=0.3
|bar22-right=0.98




|bar6-left=.98
|bar6-colour=#000000

|bar17-left=0.18
|bar17-right=.2
|bar17-colour=#000000


|note1-at=-760
|note1-size=75%
|note1=[[First sponge-like animal]].<ref name="Brain2012">{{cite journal | author = Brain, C.K., Prave, A. R., Hoffmann, K. H., Fallik, A. E., Herd D. A., Sturrock, C., Young, I., Condon, D. J.Allison, S. G. | year = 2012 |title = The first animals: ca. 760-million-year-old sponge-like fossils from Namibia | journal = [[South African Journal of Science | S. Afr. J. Sci.]] | volume=108 | issue=8 | pages = 1–8 | doi=10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.658}}</ref>

|note2-at=-750
|note2-size=75%
|note2=[[Kaigas]] glaciation?<ref name="Macdonald 2010">{{cite journal|last=Macdonald|first=F. A.|coauthors=Schmitz, M. D.; Crowley, J. L.; Roots, C. F.; Jones, D. S.; Maloof, A. C.; Strauss, J. V.; Cohen, P. A.; Johnston, D. T.; Schrag, D. P.|title=Calibrating the Cryogenian|journal=Science|date=4 March 2010|volume=327|issue=5970|pages=1241–1243|doi=10.1126/science.1183325|pmid=20203045}} (Duration and magnitude are enigmatic)</ref>

|note3-at=-650
|note3-size=75%
|note3=First [[demosponge|demosponges]].<ref name="Discovery Demosponge">{{cite web|title=Discovery of possible earliest animal life pushes back fossil record|url=http://phys.org/news201273825.html|publisher=phys.org|accessdate=7 December 2012}}</ref>

}}<noinclude>[[Category:Graphical timeline templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-07-02T02:49:49Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cretaceous}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|Cretaceous}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-from=-66
|bar1-left=.0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|bar2-to=-66
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar2-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>



|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar3-from=-145
|bar3-to=-66
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar3-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.225
|bar5-right=0.23
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-to=-66



|bar6-from=-100.5
|bar6-to=-66
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-145
|bar7-to=-100.5
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar29-from=-66
|bar29-left=.1
|bar29-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar20-left=.09
|bar20-right=.1
|bar20-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-07-02T00:31:14Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cretaceous}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|Cretaceous}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-from=-66
|bar1-left=.0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|bar2-to=-66
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar2-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>



|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar3-from=-145
|bar3-to=-66
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar3-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.252
|bar5-right=0.26
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-145
|bar5-to=-66



|bar6-from=-100.5
|bar6-to=-66
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-145
|bar7-to=-100.5
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar29-from=-66
|bar29-left=.1
|bar29-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar20-left=.09
|bar20-right=.1
|bar20-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Cretaceous graphical timeline

2013-07-02T00:21:52Z

24.218.110.195:

{{Graphical timeline

|help=off
|embedded={{{embedded|}}}

| link-to=Cretaceous_graphical_timeline
| title=Key events in the Cretaceous
|title-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}

|from=-{{#expr:{{period start|Cretaceous}}+4}}
|to=-{{#expr:{{period end|Cretaceous}}-4}}

|height=36
|width=7.5



|bar1-from=-66
|bar1-left=.0
|bar1-right=.1
|bar1-colour={{period color|cenozoic}}

|bar2-to=-66
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=.1
|bar2-colour={{period color|mesozoic}}
|bar2-text=<center>'''[[Mesozoic|M e s o z o i c]]'''</center>



|bar4-to=-145
|bar4-left=.1
|bar4-colour={{period color|Jurassic}}
|bar4-border-width=.0
|bar4-text='''[[Jurassic]]'''

|note13=<center>'''[[Cretaceous|C r e t a c e o u s]]'''</center>
|note13-size=100%
|note13-at=-85
|note13-nudge-left=9.75
|note13-remove-arrow=yes
|bar3-from=-145
|bar3-to=-66
|bar3-left=.1
|bar3-colour={{period color|Cretaceous}}
|bar3-border-width=0.05

|bar5-left=0.252
|bar5-right=0.26
|bar5-colour=black
|bar5-from=-299
|bar5-to=-251.4



|bar6-from=-100.5
|bar6-to=-66
|bar6-left=.23
|bar6-right=.34
|bar6-colour={{period color|Late Cretaceous}}
|bar6-border-width=.05
|bar6-text=[[Late Cretaceous|L a t e]]
|bar6-nudge-down=-1

|bar7-from=-145
|bar7-to=-100.5
|bar7-left=.23
|bar7-right=.34
|bar7-colour={{period color|Early Cretaceous}}
|bar7-border-width=.05
|bar7-text=[[Early Cretaceous|E a r l y]]
|bar7-nudge-down=-1.4


|bar8-from=-145
|bar8-to=-139.8
|bar8-left=.345
|bar8-right=1
|bar8-text=[[Berriasian]]
|bar8-border-width=.05
|bar8-colour={{period color|Berriasian}}

|bar9-from=-139.8
|bar9-to=-132.9
|bar9-left=.345
|bar9-right=1
|bar9-text=[[Valanginian]]
|bar9-border-width=0.05
|bar9-colour={{period color|Valanginian}}

|bar10-from=-132.9
|bar10-to=-129.4
|bar10-left=.345
|bar10-right=1
|bar10-text=[[Hauterivian]]
|bar10-border-width=0.05
|bar10-colour={{period color|Hauterivian}}

|bar11-from=-129.4
|bar11-to=-125
|bar11-left=.345
|bar11-right=1
|bar11-text=[[Barremian]]
|bar11-border-width=0.05
|bar11-colour={{period color|Barremian}}

|bar12-from=-125
|bar12-to=-113
|bar12-left=.345
|bar12-right=1
|bar12-text=[[Aptian]]
|bar12-border-width=0.05
|bar12-colour={{period color|Aptian}}

|bar13-from=-113
|bar13-to=-100.5
|bar13-left=.345
|bar13-right=1
|bar13-text=[[Albian]]
|bar13-border-width=0.05
|bar13-colour={{period color|Albian}}

|bar14-from=-100.5
|bar14-to=-93.9
|bar14-left=.345
|bar14-right=1
|bar14-text=[[Cenomanian]]
|bar14-border-width=0.05
|bar14-colour={{period color|Cenomanian}}

|bar15-from=-93.9
|bar15-to=-89.8
|bar15-left=.345
|bar15-right=1
|bar15-text=[[Turonian]]
|bar15-border-width=0.05
|bar15-colour={{period color|Turonian}}

|bar16-from=-89.8
|bar16-to=-86.3
|bar16-left=.345
|bar16-right=1
|bar16-text=[[Coniacian]]
|bar16-border-width=0.05
|bar16-colour={{period color|Coniacian}}

|bar17-from=-86.3
|bar17-to=-83.6
|bar17-left=.345
|bar17-right=1
|bar17-text=[[Santonian]]
|bar17-border-width=0.05
|bar17-colour={{period color|Santonian}}

|bar18-from=-83.6
|bar18-to=-72.1
|bar18-left=.345
|bar18-right=1
|bar18-text=[[Campanian]]
|bar18-border-width=0.05
|bar18-colour={{period color|Campanian}}

|bar19-from=-72.1
|bar19-to=-66
|bar19-left=.345
|bar19-right=1
|bar19-text=[[Maastrichtian]]
|bar19-border-width=0.05
|bar19-colour={{period color|Maastrichtian}}

|bar29-from=-66
|bar29-left=.1
|bar29-colour={{period color|Paleogene}}
|bar29-border-width=.0
|bar29-text='''[[Paleogene]]'''

|bar28-left=.99
|bar28-right=1
|bar28-colour=#000000


|bar20-left=.09
|bar20-right=.1
|bar20-colour=#000000




|caption=An approximate timescale of key Cretaceous events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. 
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Timeline templates]]
</noinclude>