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	<updated>2026-04-22T19:21:57Z</updated>
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		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Template:Logic&amp;diff=7137208</id>
		<title>Template:Logic</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Template:Logic&amp;diff=7137208"/>
		<updated>2011-04-10T12:37:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.205.136.199: +doc, cleanup&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Navbox with collapsible sections&lt;br /&gt;
|name  = Logic&lt;br /&gt;
|state = {{{state|&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;un&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;collapsed}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|title = [[Logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|liststyle = padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; &amp;lt;!--otherwise lists can appear to form continuous whole--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|selected  = {{{expanded|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect1 = Related articles&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr1 = Related articles&lt;br /&gt;
|list1style = padding:0;&lt;br /&gt;
|list1 = &lt;br /&gt;
 {{Navbox|child |groupstyle=padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; &amp;lt;!--reduces gap between wrapped groupname lines--&amp;gt; width:8.0em; |liststyle=padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; &amp;lt;!--as above--&amp;gt; width:auto;&lt;br /&gt;
  |group1 = Academic areas&lt;br /&gt;
  |list1  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Argumentation theory]]{{·w}} [[Axiology]]{{·w}} [[Critical thinking]]{{·w}}  [[Computability theory]]{{·w}} [[Formal semantics (logic)|Formal semantics]]{{·w}} [[History of logic]]{{·w}} [[Informal logic]]{{·w}} [[Logic in computer science]]{{·w}} [[Mathematical logic]]{{·w}} [[Mathematics]]{{·w}} [[Metalogic]]{{·w}} [[Metamathematics]]{{·w}} [[Model theory]]{{·w}} [[Philosophical logic]]{{·w}} [[Philosophy]]{{·w}} [[Philosophy of logic]]{{·w}} [[Philosophy of mathematics]]{{·w}} [[Proof theory]]{{·w}} [[Set theory]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
  |group2 = Foundational concepts&lt;br /&gt;
  |list2  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Abductive reasoning|Abduction]]{{·w}} [[Analytic–synthetic distinction|Analytic truth]]{{·w}} [[Antinomy]]{{·w}} [[A priori and a posteriori|A priori]]{{·w}} [[Deductive reasoning|Deduction]]{{·w}} [[Definition]]{{·w}} [[Description]]{{·w}} [[Entailment]]{{·w}} [[Inductive reasoning|Induction]]{{·w}} [[Inference]]{{·w}} [[Entailment|Logical consequence]]{{·w}} [[Logical form]]{{·w}} [[Entailment|Logical implication]]{{·w}} [[Logical truth]]{{·w}} [[Name]]{{·w}} [[Necessary and sufficient condition|Necessity]]{{·w}} [[Meaning (linguistics)|Meaning]]{{·w}} [[Paradox]]{{·w}} [[Possible world]]{{·w}} [[Presupposition]]{{·w}} [[Probability]]{{·w}} [[Reason]]{{·w}} [[Reason|Reasoning]]{{·w}} [[Reference]]{{·w}}  [[Semantics]]{{·w}} [[Statement (logic)|Statement]]{{·w}} [[Substitution (logic)|Substitution]]{{·w}} [[Syntax (logic)|Syntax]]{{·w}} [[Truth]]{{·w}} [[Truth value]]{{·w}} [[Validity]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect2 = [[Philosophical logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr2 = Philosophical logic&lt;br /&gt;
|list2style = padding:0;&lt;br /&gt;
|list2 = &lt;br /&gt;
 {{Navbox|child |groupstyle=padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.0em; &amp;lt;!--as above--&amp;gt; |liststyle=padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto; &amp;lt;!--as above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  |group1 = [[Critical thinking]] and [[Informal logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
  |list1  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Philosophical analysis|Analysis]]{{·w}} [[Ambiguity]]{{·w}} [[Belief]]{{·w}} [[Credibility]]{{·w}} [[Evidence]]{{·w}} [[Explanation]]{{·w}} [[Explanatory power]]{{·w}} [[Fact]]{{·w}} [[Fallacy]]{{·w}} [[Inquiry]]{{·w}} [[Opinion]]{{·w}} [[Parsimony]]{{·w}} [[Premise]]{{·w}} [[Propaganda]]{{·w}} [[Prudence]]{{·w}} [[Reason|Reasoning]]{{·w}} [[Relevance]]{{·w}} [[Rhetoric]]{{·w}} [[Rigour|Rigor]]{{·w}} [[Vagueness]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group2 = [[Philosophy of logic|Theories of deduction]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list2 = {{nowrap begin}}  [[Constructivism  (mathematics)|Constructivism]]{{·w}} [[Dialetheism]]{{·w}}[[Fictionalism]]{{·w}} [[Finitism]]{{·w}} [[Formalism  (mathematics)|Formalism]]{{·w}} [[Intuitionism]]{{·w}} [[Logical  atomism]]{{·w}}  [[Logicism]]{{·w}} [[Nominalism]]{{·w}} [[Platonic  realism]]{{·w}} [[Pragmatism]]{{·w}} [[Philosophical realism|Realism]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect3 = [[Metalogic]] and [[Metamathematics]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr3 = Metalogic&lt;br /&gt;
|list3style = padding:0;&lt;br /&gt;
 |list3= {{nowrap begin}} [[Cantor's theorem]]{{·w}} [[Entscheidungsproblem|Church's theorem]]{{·w}} [[Church–Turing thesis|Church's thesis]]{{·w}} [[Consistency]]{{·w}} [[Effective method]]{{·w}} [[Foundations of mathematics]]{{·w}} [[Gödel's completeness theorem]]{{·w}} [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems]]{{·w}} [[Soundness]]{{·w}} [[Completeness]]{{·w}} [[Decidability (logic)|Decidability]]{{·w}} [[Interpretation (logic)|Interpretation]]{{·w}} [[Löwenheim–Skolem theorem]]{{·w}} [[Metatheorem]]{{·w}}[[Satisfiability]]{{·w}} [[Independence (mathematical logic)|Independence]]{{·w}} [[Type–token distinction]]{{·w}} [[Use–mention distinction]]{{·w}}{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect4 = [[Mathematical logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr4 = Mathematical logic&lt;br /&gt;
|list4style = padding:0;&lt;br /&gt;
|list4 = &lt;br /&gt;
{{Navbox subgroups&lt;br /&gt;
  |groupstyle =&lt;br /&gt;
  |oddstyle = &lt;br /&gt;
  |evenstyle = &lt;br /&gt;
 |group1 = General&lt;br /&gt;
 |list1  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Formal language]]{{·w}}  [[Formation rule]]{{·w}} [[Formal system]]{{·w}} [[Deductive system]]{{·w}} [[Formal proof]]{{·w}} [[Formal semantics (logic)|Formal semantics]]{{·w}} [[Well-formed formula]]{{·w}} [[Set (mathematics)|Set]]{{·w}} [[Element (mathematics)|Element]]{{·w}} [[Class (set theory)|Class]]{{·w}} [[Classical logic]]{{·w}} [[Axiom]]{{·w}} [[Natural deduction]]{{·w}} [[Rule of inference]]{{·w}} [[Finitary relation|Relation]]{{·w}} [[Theorem]]{{·w}} [[Entailment|Logical consequence]]{{·w}} [[Axiomatic system]]{{·w}} [[Type theory]]{{·w}} [[Symbol (formal)|Symbol]]{{·w}} [[Syntax (logic)|Syntax]]{{·w}} [[Theory (mathematical logic)|Theory]] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
  |group2 = [[Term logic|Traditional logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
  |list2  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Proposition]]{{·w}} [[Inference]]{{·w}} [[Argument]]{{·w}} [[Validity]]{{·w}} [[Cogency]]{{·w}}  [[Syllogism]]{{·w}} [[Square of opposition]]{{·w}} [[Venn diagram]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  |group3 = [[Propositional calculus]] and [[Boolean logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
  |list3  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Boolean function]]s{{·w}}  [[Propositional calculus]]{{·w}} [[Propositional formula]]{{·w}}  [[Logical connective]]s{{·w}} [[Quantification|Quantifiers]]{{·w}} [[Truth table]]s {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  |group4 = [[Predicate logic|Predicate]]&lt;br /&gt;
  |list4  = {{nowrap begin}} [[First-order logic|First-order]]{{·w}} [[Quantification|Quantifiers]]{{·w}} [[Predicate (mathematical logic)|Predicate]]{{·w}} [[Second-order logic|Second-order]]{{·w}} [[Monadic predicate calculus]] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group5 = [[Set theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list5 = {{nowrap begin}}  [[Set (mathematics)|Set]]{{·w}} [[Empty set]]{{·w}} [[Enumeration]]{{·w}} [[Extensionality]]{{·w}} [[Finite set]]{{·w}} [[Function (mathematics)|Function]]{{·w}} [[Subset]]{{·w}} [[Power set]]{{·w}} [[Countable set]]{{·w}} [[Recursive set]]{{·w}} [[Domain of a function|Domain]]{{·w}} [[Range (mathematics)|Range]]{{·w}} [[Ordered pair]]{{·w}} [[Uncountable set]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 |group6 = [[Model theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list6 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Structure (mathematical logic)|Model]]{{·w}} [[Interpretation (logic)|Interpretation]]{{·w}} [[Non-standard model]]{{·w}} [[Finite model theory]]{{·w}} [[Truth value]]{{·w}} [[Validity]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group7 = [[Proof theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list7 = {{nowrap begin}}  [[Formal proof]]{{·w}} [[Deductive system]]{{·w}} [[Formal system]]{{·w}} [[Theorem]]{{·w}} [[Entailment|Logical consequence]]{{·w}} [[Rule of inference]]{{·w}}  [[Syntax (logic)|Syntax]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group8 = [[Computability theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list8 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Recursion]]{{·w}} [[Recursive set]]{{·w}} [[Recursively enumerable set]]{{·w}} [[Decision problem]]{{·w}} [[Church–Turing thesis]]{{·w}} [[Computable function]]{{·w}} [[Primitive recursive function]]{{·w}}{{nowrap end}} &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect5 = [[Non-classical logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr5 = Non-classical logic&lt;br /&gt;
|list5style = padding:0;&lt;br /&gt;
|list5 = &lt;br /&gt;
{{Navbox subgroups&lt;br /&gt;
  |groupstyle =&lt;br /&gt;
  |oddstyle = &lt;br /&gt;
  |evenstyle = &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group1 = [[Modal logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list1  =  {{nowrap begin}} [[Modal logic#Alethic modalities|Alethic]]{{·w}} [[Modal operator#Axiological|Axiologic]]{{·w}} [[Deontic logic|Deontic]]{{·w}} [[Doxastic logic|Doxastic]]{{·w}} [[Epistemic modal logic|Epistemic]]{{·w}} [[Temporal logic|Temporal]] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group2 = [[Intuitionism]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list2  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Intuitionistic logic]]{{·w}} [[Constructive analysis]]{{·w}} [[Heyting arithmetic]]{{·w}} [[Intuitionistic type theory]]{{·w}} [[Constructive set theory]]{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group3 = [[Fuzzy logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list3  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Degree of truth]]{{·w}} [[Fuzzy rule]]{{·w}} [[Fuzzy set]]{{·w}} [[Fuzzy finite element]]{{·w}} [[Fuzzy set operations]]{{·w}} {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group4 = [[Substructural logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list4  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Structural rule]]{{·w}} [[Relevance logic]]{{·w}} [[Linear logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group5 = [[Paraconsistent logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list5  =  {{nowrap begin}} [[Dialetheism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 |group6 = [[Description logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
 |list6 =   {{nowrap begin}} [[Ontology]] {{·w}} [[Ontology language]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect6 = [[List of logicians|Logicians]]&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr6 = Logicians&lt;br /&gt;
|list6 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Alan  Ross Anderson|Anderson]]{{·w}} [[Aristotle]]{{·w}} [[Averroes]]{{·w}} [[Avicenna]]{{·w}} [[Alexander Bain|Bain]]{{·w}} [[Jon Barwise|Barwise]]{{·w}} [[Paul Bernays|Bernays]]{{·w}} [[George Boole|Boole]]{{·w}} [[George Boolos|Boolos]]{{·w}} [[Georg Cantor|Cantor]]{{·w}} [[Rudolf Carnap|Carnap]]{{·w}} [[Alonzo Church|Church]]{{·w}} [[Chrysippus]]{{·w}} [[Haskell  Curry|Curry]]{{·w}} [[Augustus De Morgan|De Morgan]]{{·w}} [[Gottlob Frege|Frege]]{{·w}} [[Peter Geach|Geach]]{{·w}} [[Gerhard Gentzen|Gentzen]]{{·w}} [[Kurt Gödel|Gödel]]{{·w}} [[David Hilbert|Hilbert]]{{·w}} [[Stephen  Cole Kleene|Kleene]]{{·w}} [[Saul Kripke|Kripke]]{{·w}} [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]]{{·w}} [[Leopold  Löwenheim|Löwenheim]]{{·w}} [[Giuseppe Peano|Peano]]{{·w}} [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]]{{·w}} [[Hilary Putnam|Putnam]]{{·w}} [[W. V. Quine|Quine]]{{·w}} [[Bertrand Russell|Russell]]{{·w}} [[Ernst Schröder|Schröder]]{{·w}} [[Duns Scotus|Scotus]]{{·w}} [[Thoralf Skolem|Skolem]]{{·w}} [[Raymond Smullyan|Smullyan]]{{·w}} [[Alfred Tarski|Tarski]]{{·w}} [[Alan Turing|Turing]]{{·w}} [[Alfred North Whitehead|Whitehead]]{{·w}} [[William  of Ockham]]{{·w}} [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]]{{·w}} [[Ernst  Zermelo|Zermelo]] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|sect7 = Lists&lt;br /&gt;
|abbr7 = Lists&lt;br /&gt;
|list7 =&lt;br /&gt;
 {{Navbox|child |groupstyle=padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; width:8.0em; &amp;lt;!--as above--&amp;gt; |liststyle=padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; width:auto; &amp;lt;!--as above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  |group1 = Topics&lt;br /&gt;
  |list1  = {{nowrap begin}} [[Outline of logic]]{{·w}} [[Index of logic articles]]{{·w}} [[List of mathematical logic topics|Mathematical logic]]{{·w}} [[List of Boolean algebra topics|Boolean algebra]]{{·w}} [[List of set theory topics|Set theory]] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
  |group2 = Other&lt;br /&gt;
  |list2  = {{nowrap begin}} [[List of logicians|Logicians]]{{·w}} [[List of rules of inference|Rules of inference]]{{·w}} [[List of paradoxes|Paradoxes]]{{·w}} [[List of fallacies|Fallacies]]{{·w}} [[List of logic symbols|Logic symbols]] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|below = {{nowrap begin}} [[Portal:Logic|Portal]]{{·w}} [[:Category:Logic|Category]]{{·w}} [[Outline of logic|Outline]]{{·w}} [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Logic|WikiProject]]{{·w}} [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Logic|Talk]]{{·w}} [{{fullurl:Special:Recentchangeslinked|target=Template:Logic&amp;amp;hidebots=0}} changes] {{nowrap end}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{documentation | content =&lt;br /&gt;
{{collapsible option}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{collapsible sections option |list=&amp;quot;History&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Concepts&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Controversies&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;People&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Lists&amp;quot; |example=Concepts}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking templates|Logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:WikiProject Logic|τ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ar:قالب:منطق]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:الگو:منطق]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:Template:Logic]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[mk:Шаблон:Логика]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Predefinição:Lógica]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Modèle:Palette Logique]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.205.136.199</name></author>
		
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