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	<updated>2026-06-10T10:09:56Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Feel_Better_Doll&amp;diff=7389619</id>
		<title>Feel Better Doll</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Feel_Better_Doll&amp;diff=7389619"/>
		<updated>2021-04-01T05:48:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Racism in Dolls]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Feel Better Doll ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Feel Better Doll is a black colored doll, with red, black, yellow, and green hair &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Controversy ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Black Dolls ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Doll Test ===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Stamped:_Racism,_Antiracism,_and_You&amp;diff=6826801</id>
		<title>Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Stamped:_Racism,_Antiracism,_and_You&amp;diff=6826801"/>
		<updated>2021-03-10T08:31:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Stamped.jpg|thumb|Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You: A Remix of the National Book Award-winning Stamped from the Beginning is The #1 New York Times bestselling, &amp;quot;must-read&amp;quot; (San Francisco Chronicle), &amp;quot;amazingly timely and stunningly accessible&amp;quot; (Jacqueline Woodson) investigation of race and racism from award-winning, authors Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi. This book uncovers the historical backdrop of racist ideas in America and inspires hope for an antiracist future. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Stamped_Racism_Antiracism_and_You.html?id=gRKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;amp;redir_esc=y Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You]. Google Books. Retrieved January 28 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book takes the readers on a racial journey from the past until now, shows why do people feel how they feel, and why the poison of racism lingers. It also demonstrates that while racist ideas have consistently been not difficult to create and convey, they can likewise be disparaged.. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://bookshop.org/books/stamped-racism-antiracism-and-you-a-remix-of-the-national-book-award-winning-stamped-from-the-beginning/9780316453691 Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You: A Remix of the National Book Award-Winning Stamped from the Beginning]. Bookshop. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book gets so many good reviews about how it tries to explain to the readers about racism by exploring racism and anti racism in America.&lt;br /&gt;
Kaitlyn Greenidge, from The New York Times Book Review, says that ''&amp;quot;Reynolds's engaging, clear prose shines a light on difficult and confusing subjects, including anti-blackness and the creation of racial capitalism. Terms like &amp;quot;segregationist,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;integrationist&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;anti-racist&amp;quot; are defined in direct, accessible language, becoming real tools for a reader to take from the book. This is no easy feat. These ideas are the water that we all swim in. But the book's pauses of white space and radical changes in font and text size force the reader to stop and really consider what is being deconstructed.&amp;quot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, Publisher Weekly gives review why this is a good book, according to Publisher Weekly, the book discusses influential figures, events, and movements, that have propagated ideas of racism, started in 1415 with the publication that talks about religious justification in enslaving black people and continuing through &amp;quot;War on Drugs&amp;quot; and #BlackLivesMatter. The author of this book differentiates and discusses between segregationist (“a hater”), assimilationist (“a coward”), and antiracist (“someone who truly loves”) using influential figures such as Angela Davis, W.E.B. DuBois, Thomas Jefferson, and Cotton Mather.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/stamped-jason-reynolds/1133020388 Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You: A Remix of the National Book Award-winning Stamped from the Beginning]. Barnes&amp;amp;Nobles. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Non-fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Jump_Jim_Crow&amp;diff=6826785</id>
		<title>Jump Jim Crow</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Jump_Jim_Crow&amp;diff=6826785"/>
		<updated>2021-03-10T08:19:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Jump Jim Crow initiated started another type of famous music and dramatic exhibitions in the United States that concentrated on the joke of African Americans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lyrics ==&lt;br /&gt;
The lyrics as most commonly quoted are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Come, listen all you gals and boys, Ise just from Tuckyhoe;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I'm goin' to sing a little song, My name's Jim Crow.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CHORUS [after every verse]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Weel about and turn about and do jis so,''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I went down to the river, I didn't mean to stay;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''But dere I see so many gals, I couldn't get away.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''And arter I been dere awhile, I tought I push my boat;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''But I tumbled in de river, and I find myself afloat.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I git upon a flat boat, I cotch de Uncle Sam;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Den I went to see de place where dey kill'd de Pakenham.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''And den I go to Orleans, an, feel so full of flight;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Dey put me in de calaboose, an, keep me dere all night.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''When I got out I hit a man, his name I now forgot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''But dere was noting left of him 'cept a little grease spot.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''And oder day I hit a man, de man was mighty fat''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I hit so hard I nockt him in to an old cockt hat.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I whipt my weight in wildcats, I eat an alligator;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I drunk de Mississippy up! O! I'm de very creature.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I sit upon a hornet's nest, I dance upon my head;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I tie a wiper round my neck an, den I go to bed.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I kneel to de buzzard, an, I bow to the crow;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''An eb'ry time I weel about I jump jis so.'' &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Thomas D. Rice. Lyrics to &amp;quot;Jump Jim Crow.&amp;quot; 1832.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
as it showed up in sheet music composed by Thomas Dartmouth &amp;quot;Daddy&amp;quot; Rice. Rice, a struggling &amp;quot;entertainer&amp;quot; (he did short independent dramas between play scenes) at the Park Theater in New York, happened upon a black person singing the song -- a few records say it was a limp old black slave, others say it was a ragged black stable boy. Regardless of whether the song talks about an old black man or a young black boy, this song is known that in 1828 Rice appeared on stage as &amp;quot;Jim Crow&amp;quot; -- a misrepresented, highly stereotypical black character.&lt;br /&gt;
By 1838, the term &amp;quot;Jim Crow&amp;quot; the expression &amp;quot;Jim Crow&amp;quot; was being utilized as an aggregate racial appellation for blacks, not as offensive as nigger, but rather like coon or darkie. The fame of entertainer shows plainly helped the spread of Jim Crow as a racial slur. This utilization of the term endured for 50 years. Before the end of the nineteenth century, the words Jim Crow were less likely to be used to derisively describe blacks; were less inclined to be utilized to insultingly depict blacks; all things being equal, the expression Jim Crow was being utilized to portray laws and customs which persecuted blacks &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.ferris.edu/htmls/news/jimcrow/who/index.htm Who Was Jim Crow?]. Ferris State University. Retrieved January 18 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Song Lyrics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_George_Preston_Marshall&amp;diff=6826781</id>
		<title>Monument of George Preston Marshall</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_George_Preston_Marshall&amp;diff=6826781"/>
		<updated>2021-03-10T08:16:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Monument of George Preston Marshall.jpg|thumb|Monument of George Preston Marshall]]&lt;br /&gt;
George Preston Marshall became one of the part-owners of the new Boston Braves franchise in the National Football League in 1932. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;https://www.profootballhof.com/players/george-preston-marshall/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Marshall is known more for many of the frills which now mark the modern football game. During the beginning of the NFL, college football was more well known. Marshall chose to consolidate components of the college atmosphere into the professional league. He introduced some innovations to the professional league, such as marching band, fight song, and gala halftime shows. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanfootball.fandom.com/wiki/George_Preston_Marshall George Preston Marshall]. American Football Wiki. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
Marshall was born in Grafton, West Virginia on October 11, 1896 to Thomas Hildebrand (&amp;quot;Hill&amp;quot;) Marshall and Blanche Preston Marshall. In 1932, while he was the proprietor of a chain of laundries in Washington, D.C., set up by his dad, he and the other three accomplices were granted an NFL franchise for Boston. This team got known as the Boston Braves, as they played on a similar field as baseball's Boston Braves. Marshall's partners left the team after one season, leaving him in charge. He moved the team to Fenway Park and changed the nickname to Redskins in 1993. Then, he moved the team again to Washington in 1937. &lt;br /&gt;
In 1933 he moved the team from Braves Field to Fenway Park, changing the team nickname to the Redskins. In 1937 he moved the team to Washington. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanfootball.fandom.com/wiki/George_Preston_Marshall George Preston Marshall]. American Football Wiki. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Marshall owned the Redskins from their initiation as an establishment in 1932 in Boston until his death in 1969.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The Redskins were the only professional football team without having any black player in 1961. Indeed, in the 25-year history of the establishment, there weren't any black men play for George Marshall. &amp;quot;We'll start signing Negroes,&amp;quot; said Marshall, &amp;quot;when the Harlem Globetrotters start signing whites.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Smith, Thomas G. [http://www.espn.com/page2/wash/s/2002/0305/1346021.html#:~:text=In%201961%2C%20the%20Redskins%20were,ever%20played%20for%20George%20Marshall. Civil Rights on the Gridiron]. ESPN. Retrieved January 24 2021. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Marshall refused to sign any black player because he was claiming that integrating the team would make the team lose fans in the Southern United States and it was the southernmost team in the NFL.&lt;br /&gt;
For years, columnists wrote expounded on the absence of Black players on Washington's program, yet it didn't stop Marshall. Interior Secretary Stewart Udall started to give pressure to Marshal to integrate his list, in 1916. NFL commissioner, then was Pete Rozelle, later got involved in attempting to convince Marshall to yield. He was quoted in stories wondering why, if &amp;quot;[a]ll the other teams we play have Negroes, does it matter which team has the Negroes?&amp;quot;  That December, Marshall drafted Black running back and Heisman Trophy victor Ernie Davis with the main pick. In any case, it was subsequently discovered that Marshall had exchanged the choice to the Cleveland Browns in return for Mitchell, a running back/collector who turned into Washington's first Black. &lt;br /&gt;
The Washington Redskins are eliminating George Preston Marshall's name from their Ring of Fame at FedEx Field less than a week after his sculpture was eliminated from their former home. The Redskins also will eliminate him from their history wall outside the locker room at their practice facility. Marshall was the last NFL owner to integrate his franchise.  &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;Keim, John [https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/29358399/source-redskins-removing-name-former-owner-george-preston-marshall-ring-fame Redskins removing name of former owner George Preston Marshall from Ring of Fame]. ESPN. 24 January 2020. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_Roger_B._Taney&amp;diff=6826771</id>
		<title>Monument of Roger B. Taney</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_Roger_B._Taney&amp;diff=6826771"/>
		<updated>2021-03-10T08:06:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Taney Monument.jpg|thumb|Monument of Roger B. Taney]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Roger B. Taney Monument is a sculpture of Roger B. Taney, in Annapolis, Maryland, on the State House grounds, he was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_B._Taney_Monument_(Annapolis,_Maryland) Roger B. Taney Monument (Annapolis, Maryland)]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This sculpture is an 1887 copy of the 1872 original that was made by William Henry Rinehart. Rinehart was one of the main well-fame artists in Baltimore, and the Rinehart School of Sculpture was built after his death. The Special Commission to Review Baltimore’s Public Confederate Monuments suggested eliminating the Taney Monument alongside the Lee-Jackson Statue at Wyman Park Dell in 2016. After the homicide of a counter-protestor during a white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia on August 12, 2017, Baltimore City reacted to restored calls to bring down Confederate landmarks by eliminating the Taney Monument. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/534 Roger Brooke Taney Monument]. Baltimore Heritage. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Background ==&lt;br /&gt;
Taney was the son of Michael and Monica (Brooke) Taney. Of English line, Michael Taney had been educated in France and was a prosperous tobacco cultivator in Calvert province, Maryland. In 1975, After graduation from Dickinson College in Pennsylvania, Taney learned law with Judge Jeremiah Chase, of the Maryland General Court. In 19799, he was accepted to the bar at Annapolis and served one year in the Maryland House of Delegates before staying in Frederick, Maryland, to practice law. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Schumacher, Alvin J. [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-B-Taney Roger B. Taney]. Britannica. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He moved two years later to Frederick, Maryland, then to Baltimore in 1823. In 1831, he was appointed as U.S. attorney general by President Andrew Jackson, then Taney supported the president in his opposition to rechartering the Second Bank of the United States, which was one of the significant issues of the day. Consequently, Jackson delegated Taney secretary of the treasury in 1833 during a legislative break. Taney continued to pull out administrative assets from the Second Bank and build up an arrangement of government stores, drawing fire from the bank's allies. Meeting in 1834, the Whig-dominated U.S. Senate neglected to affirm Taney as secretary of the treasury. The next year he was selected for an associate justiceship and again dismissed by the Senate. Toward the finish of 1835, in any case, with the Senate back under Democratic control, he was designated by the president for chief justice and was subsequently confirmed in 1836 in spite of solid Whig resistance. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/artifact/Sculpture_21_00018.htm Roger B. Taney]. US Senate. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Dred Scott decision ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dred Scott case, also known as Dred Scott v. Sandford, was a long-term battle for freedom by a Black enslaved man named Dred Scott. The case endured through several courts and eventually arrived at the U.S. Supreme Court, whose decision anger abolitionists, served as a stepping stone to the Civil War, and gave momentum to the anti-slavery movement.&lt;br /&gt;
Roger B. Taney was the United States Supreme Court Chief Justice for this case, he became best known for writing the final majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which said that all individuals of African descent, free or enslaved, were not United States citizens and therefore reserved no option to sue in federal court. In addition, he wrote that the Fifth Amendment secured slave proprietor rights on the grounds that oppressed laborers were their legitimate property. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/dred-scott-case&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Taney wrote that the Founders' words in the Declaration of Independence, “all men were created equal,” were never mean to include the blacks. Blacks could not travel, vote, or even fall in love and marry of their own free will — rights granted, according to the Declaration, by God to all. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/human-factor-history-dred-scott-and-roger-b-taney The Human Factor of History: Dred Scott and Roger B. Taney]. National Museum of African American History of Culture. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Taney told the president that blacks in the United States had only those rights which they were able to “enjoy” at the “sufferance” and “mercy” of whites. Furthermore, that blacks, “even when free,” were a “degraded class” whose “privileges” were “accorded to them as a matter of kindness and benevolence rather than right.” Later, during the Civil War, Taney did all he could to block Lincoln’s endeavors to hold the Union together and even drafted an opinion fully expecting a chance to strike down the Emancipation Proclamation. Taney was a lifelong slaveowner, and the former was personally involved in buying and selling significant numbers of human beings. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;[https://harvardpress.typepad.com/hup_publicity/2017/08/roger-taney-slaverys-great-chief-justice-paul-finkelman.html Roger B. Taney, Slavery’s Great Chief Justice]. Harvard Press. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Slave_Auction_Block,_Fredericksburg&amp;diff=6826758</id>
		<title>Slave Auction Block, Fredericksburg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Slave_Auction_Block,_Fredericksburg&amp;diff=6826758"/>
		<updated>2021-03-10T07:52:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Slave Auction Block.jpg|thumb|Slave Auction Block]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Slave Auction Block in Fredericksburg, Virginia is a large stone that was used as an auction block in historical slave auctions. It was recorded at the intersection of William Street and Charles Street and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a feature of the Fredericksburg Historic District. The interpretation of this block is that it is a living symbol of hate, oppression, and the agony of black families that were physically, mentally, and spiritually brutalized by their white hypocrite oppressors for generations. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/01/slave-block-fredericksburg-virginia The 'slave block' in a town in Virginia: should it stay or should it go?]. The Guardian. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
This block got through a long discussion about whether it should be removed or not. In 1913, a marker was requested by the Association for the Preservation of Virgina at the site because it was historic. In 1924, the slave block was proposed to be removed because it was hindrance to the travel industry, and asserted the stone was only a carriage step and never utilized for slave auctions. A vigorous local response disputed that claim, and the stone was not taken out. And then vandals damaged the slave block in 2005, smashing chunks of sandstone from the top with a hammer. The city repaired the damaged stone. A local guide who led black history visits in Fredericksburg portrayed the meaning of the slave square to inhabitants and guests. In 2017, after a counter-protestor was murdered at the white nationalist Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, the city began another local area discourse on the best way to manage the relic of slavery. The community dialogue didn't come to a conclusion. A Circuit Court judge decided in February 2020 that the board had the power to move the slave auction block. The council's action, after the disappointment of the Architectural Review Board to allow a declaration of approval, didn't surpass the position conceded to the city and consequently disregard the Dillon Rule. The city contract permitted nearby authorities to oversee and discard city property. The Supreme Court of Virginia maintained the Circuit Court Ruling in April 2020. The City Council acted in June 2020, not long after the passing of George Floyd in Minneapolis led to widespread demonstrations and at least a temporary shift in public attitudes towards symbols of systemic racism. Governor Northam and Richmond officials declared the plans to get sculptures of Confederate leaders off Monument Avenue, generating nationwide news, and walks in Fredericksburg even blocked highways for short periods of time. On June 5, the 800-pound Aquia sandstone block which had been introduced in 1843 was exhumed and moved to storage. City authorities reported it would be loaned to the Fredericksburg Area Museum, which wanted to incorporate it in a display once the historical center resumed after the COVID-19 pandemic. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.virginiaplaces.org/parktour/fredslaveblock.html#one Fredericksburg Slave Block]. Virgina Places. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The side of William and Charles Streets, before the previous Planter's Hotel, is archived in promotions and records as the site of at least twelve separate auctions of enslaved persons between 1847 and 1862. The formed square of stone at the corner is firmly connected with these occasions and represents Fredericksburg's long commitment in the transoceanic slave trade. In spite of the fact that maybe at first introduced as a horse-mounting block, the stone's relationship with the closeout of oppressed people is upheld both by the narrative proof and by oral custom, including firsthand records from previous slaves Albert Crutchfield and George Washington Triplett, just as other Fredericksburg residents. Notwithstanding its unique reason, the square is verifiably a component of this streetscape that saw these deals. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.fredericksburgva.gov/1288/History History]. Fredericksburg Virginia. Retrieved January 27 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_George_Preston_Marshall&amp;diff=6826722</id>
		<title>Monument of George Preston Marshall</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_George_Preston_Marshall&amp;diff=6826722"/>
		<updated>2021-03-10T07:06:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Monument of George Preston Marshall.jpg|thumb|Monument of George Preston Marshall]]&lt;br /&gt;
George Preston Marshall became one of the part-owners of the new Boston Braves franchise in the National Football League in 1932. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;https://www.profootballhof.com/players/george-preston-marshall/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Marshall is known more for many of the frills which now mark the modern football game. During the beginning of the NFL, college football was more well known. Marshall chose to consolidate components of the college atmosphere into the professional league. He introduced some innovations to the professional league, such as marching band, fight song, and gala halftime shows. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanfootball.fandom.com/wiki/George_Preston_Marshall George Preston Marshall]. American Football Wiki. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
Marshall was born in Grafton, West Virginia on October 11, 1896 to Thomas Hildebrand (&amp;quot;Hill&amp;quot;) Marshall and Blanche Preston Marshall. In 1932, while he was the owner of a chain of laundries in Washington, D.C., established by his father, he and the other three partners were awarded an NFL franchise for Boston. This team got known as the Boston Braves, as they played on a similar field as baseball's Boston Braves. Marshall's partners left the team after one season, leaving him in charge. He moved the team to Fenway Park and changed the nickname to Redskins in 1993. Then, he moved the team again to Washington in 1937. &lt;br /&gt;
In 1933 he moved the team from Braves Field to Fenway Park, changing the team nickname to the Redskins. In 1937 he moved the team to Washington. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanfootball.fandom.com/wiki/George_Preston_Marshall George Preston Marshall]. American Football Wiki. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Marshall owned the Redskins from their initiation as an establishment in 1932 in Boston until his death in 1969.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1961, the Redskins were the only team in professional football without a black player. Indeed, in the 25-year history of the establishment, there weren't any black men play for George Marshall. &amp;quot;We'll start signing Negroes,&amp;quot; said Marshall, &amp;quot;when the Harlem Globetrotters start signing whites.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Smith, Thomas G. [http://www.espn.com/page2/wash/s/2002/0305/1346021.html#:~:text=In%201961%2C%20the%20Redskins%20were,ever%20played%20for%20George%20Marshall. Civil Rights on the Gridiron]. ESPN. Retrieved January 24 2021. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Marshall refused to sign any black player because he was claiming that integrating the team would make the team lose fans in the Southern United States and it was the southernmost team in the NFL.&lt;br /&gt;
For years, columnists wrote expounded on the absence of Black players on Washington's program, yet it didn't stop Marshall. Interior Secretary Stewart Udall started to give pressure to Marshal to integrate his list, in 1916. NFL commissioner, then was Pete Rozelle, later got involved in attempting to convince Marshall to yield. He was quoted in stories wondering why, if &amp;quot;[a]ll the other teams we play have Negroes, does it matter which team has the Negroes?&amp;quot;  That December, Marshall drafted Black running back and Heisman Trophy victor Ernie Davis with the main pick. In any case, it was subsequently discovered that Marshall had exchanged the choice to the Cleveland Browns in return for Mitchell, a running back/collector who turned into Washington's first Black part in 196&lt;br /&gt;
The Washington Redskins are removing George Preston Marshall's name from their Ring of Fame at FedEx Field less than a week after his statue was removed from their former home. The Redskins also will eliminate him from their history wall outside the locker room at their practice facility. Marshall was the last NFL owner to integrate his franchise.  &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;Keim, John [https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/29358399/source-redskins-removing-name-former-owner-george-preston-marshall-ring-fame Redskins removing name of former owner George Preston Marshall from Ring of Fame]. ESPN. 24 January 2020. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_Roger_B._Taney&amp;diff=6825747</id>
		<title>Monument of Roger B. Taney</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_Roger_B._Taney&amp;diff=6825747"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T13:32:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Taney Monument.jpg|thumb|Monument of Roger B. Taney]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Roger B. Taney Monument is a sculpture of Roger B. Taney, in Annapolis, Maryland, on the State House grounds, he was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_B._Taney_Monument_(Annapolis,_Maryland) Roger B. Taney Monument (Annapolis, Maryland)]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This sculpture is an 1887 copy of the 1872 original that was made by William Henry Rinehart. Rinehart was one of the main well-fame artists in Baltimore, and the Rinehart School of Sculpture was built after his death. The Special Commission to Review Baltimore’s Public Confederate Monuments suggested eliminating the Taney Monument alongside the Lee-Jackson Statue at Wyman Park Dell in 2016. After the homicide of a counter-protestor during a white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia on August 12, 2017, Baltimore City reacted to restored calls to bring down Confederate landmarks by eliminating the Taney Monument. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/534 Roger Brooke Taney Monument]. Baltimore Heritage. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Background ==&lt;br /&gt;
Taney was the son of Michael and Monica (Brooke) Taney. Of English line, Michael Taney had been educated in France and was a prosperous tobacco cultivator in Calvert province, Maryland. In 1975, After graduation from Dickinson College in Pennsylvania, Taney learned law with Judge Jeremiah Chase, of the Maryland General Court. In 19799, he was accepted to the bar at Annapolis and served one year in the Maryland House of Delegates before staying in Frederick, Maryland, to practice law. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Schumacher, Alvin J. [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-B-Taney Roger B. Taney]. Britannica. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He moved two years later to Frederick, Maryland, then to Baltimore in 1823. In 1831, he was appointed as U.S. attorney general by President Andrew Jackson, then Taney supported the president in his opposition to rechartering the Second Bank of the United States, which was one of the significant issues of the day. Consequently, Jackson appointed Taney secretary of the treasury in 1833 during a congressional recess. Taney proceeded to withdraw federal funds from the Second Bank and establish a system of government depositories, drawing fire from the bank's supporters. Meeting in 1834, the Whig-dominated U.S. Senate failed to confirm Taney as secretary of the treasury. The following year he was nominated for an associate justiceship and again rejected by the Senate. At the end of 1835, however, with the Senate back under Democratic control, he was nominated by the president for chief justice and was subsequently confirmed in 1836 despite strong Whig opposition. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/artifact/Sculpture_21_00018.htm Roger B. Taney]. US Senate. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Dred Scott decision ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dred Scott case, also known as Dred Scott v. Sandford, was a decade-long fight for freedom by a Black enslaved man named Dred Scott. The case persisted through several courts and ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court, whose decision incensed abolitionists, gave momentum to the anti-slavery movement and served as a stepping stone to the Civil War. &lt;br /&gt;
Roger B. Taney was the United States Supreme Court Chief Justice for this case, he became best known for writing the final majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which said that all people of African descent, free or enslaved, were not United States citizens and therefore had no right to sue in federal court. In addition, he wrote that the Fifth Amendment protected slave owner rights because enslaved workers were their legal property. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/dred-scott-case&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Taney wrote that the Founders' words in the Declaration of Independence, “all men were created equal,” were never intended to apply to blacks. Blacks could not vote, travel, or even fall in love and marry of their own free will — rights granted, according to the Declaration, by God to all. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/human-factor-history-dred-scott-and-roger-b-taney The Human Factor of History: Dred Scott and Roger B. Taney]. National Museum of African American History of Culture. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Taney told the president that blacks in the United States had only those rights which they were able to “enjoy” at the “sufferance” and “mercy” of whites, and that blacks, “even when free,” were a “degraded class” whose “privileges” were “accorded to them as a matter of kindness and benevolence rather than right.” Later, during the Civil War, Taney did all he could to obstruct Lincoln’s attempts to hold the Union together, and even drafted an opinion in anticipation of an opportunity to strike down the Emancipation Proclamation. Taney was a lifelong slaveowner, and the former was personally involved in buying and selling significant numbers of human beings. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;[https://harvardpress.typepad.com/hup_publicity/2017/08/roger-taney-slaverys-great-chief-justice-paul-finkelman.html Roger B. Taney, Slavery’s Great Chief Justice]. Harvard Press. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Miles_Morales:_Spider-Man&amp;diff=6821944</id>
		<title>Miles Morales: Spider-Man</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Miles_Morales:_Spider-Man&amp;diff=6821944"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T12:13:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Miles Morales.jpg|thumb|250px|Miles Morales: Spider-Man Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Miles Morales: Spider-Man, written by Jason Reynolds, is a book about is a fictional superhero, Miles Gonzalo Morales, showing up in publications by the American publisher Marvel Comics, and is one of the characters known as Spider-Man. The character was made in 2011 by Sara Pichelli, an Italian artist, and written by Brian Michael Bendis, with a contribution by Marvel's then-editor-in-chief Axel Alonso. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Morales Miles Morales]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Miles Morales is living just like another teenager, having dinner with his parents, playing video games with his friends, and having a crush on his school friend, Alicia. He’s even got a scholarship spot at the prestigious Brooklyn Visions Academy and a Spider-Man.&lt;br /&gt;
Unexpectedly, Miles’s spidey-sense has been acting up. When he got suspended from his school because of a misunderstanding Miles starts questioning his abilities. He thinks that, after all, his father and uncle have criminal records. Maybe kids like him aren't meant to be superheroes. Maybe Miles should accept his father's recommendation and only giving attention to save himself. &lt;br /&gt;
As Miles attempts to get his school life back on track, he can’t stop thinking of the clear nightmare that's been haunting him, he can't also avoid the never-stop buzz of his spidey-sense each day in history class, in the middle of his teacher’s lectures on the historical &amp;quot;benefits&amp;quot; of slavery and the modern-day prison system. But after his grant is in danger, Miles reveals a frightening plot that puts his neighborhood, his friends, and himself in danger. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/32793053-miles-morales Miles Morales: Spider-Man]. Goodreads. Retrieved February 1 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book has a teacher character that shows racism, Mr. CHamberlain. In class, he says something about discrimination, such as, ''“Slavery was the building block of our great country. We shouldn’t just blindly write off the argument for the Confederacy wanting to keep it.”'' and ''“We underestimate the bond between slave and master. So many slaves were comfortable with being enslaved. Happy even.”'' &lt;br /&gt;
He romanticized the antebellum South, praised the prison system for keeping slavery alive, and actively worked to dehumanize two Black students under his charge. His goal, and the goal of the other Mr. Chamberlains that have made flooding the school-to-prison pipeline their game, is to bring back the slavery of Black people in the current century. There’s also a scene during the aforementioned Halloween party where Miles has an opportunity to spy on the Chamberlains and they’re all standing around crowing about how well they’re doing it to get back to what exactly was, for them, “a better time”. &lt;br /&gt;
And when Alicia, a black girl character in this book, protested against what the teacher said, she got punished. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://stitchmediamix.com/2017/08/13/book-review-miles-morales-a-spider-man-novel/ (Book Review) Miles Morales – A Spider-Man Novel]. Stitch's Media. 13 August 2017. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Miles_Morales:_Spider-Man&amp;diff=6821939</id>
		<title>Miles Morales: Spider-Man</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Miles_Morales:_Spider-Man&amp;diff=6821939"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T12:13:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Miles Morales.jpg|thumb|250px|Miles Morales: Spider-Man Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Miles Morales: Spider-Man, written by Jason Reynolds, is a book about is a fictional superhero, Miles Gonzalo Morales, showing up in publications by the American publisher Marvel Comics, and is one of the characters known as Spider-Man. The character was made in 2011 by Sara Pichelli, an Italian artist, and written by Brian Michael Bendis, with a contribution by Marvel's then-editor-in-chief Axel Alonso. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Morales Miles Morales]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Miles Morales is living just like another teenager, having dinner with his parents, playing video games with his friends, and having a crush on his school friend, Alicia. He’s even got a scholarship spot at the prestigious Brooklyn Visions Academy and a Spider-Man.&lt;br /&gt;
Unexpectedly, Miles’s spidey-sense has been acting up. When he got suspended from his school because of a misunderstanding Miles starts questioning his abilities. He thinks that, after all, his father and uncle have criminal records. Maybe kids like him aren't meant to be superheroes. Maybe Miles should accept his father's recommendation and only giving attention to save himself. &lt;br /&gt;
As Miles attempts to get his school life back on track, he can’t stop thinking of the clear nightmare that's been haunting him, he can't also avoid the never-stop buzz of his spidey-sense each day in history class, in the middle of his teacher’s lectures on the historical &amp;quot;benefits&amp;quot; of slavery and the modern-day prison system. But after his grant is in danger, Miles reveals a frightening plot that puts his neighborhood, his friends, and himself in danger. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/32793053-miles-morales Miles Morales: Spider-Man]. Goodreads. Retrieved February 1 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book has a teacher character that shows racism, Mr. CHamberlain. In class, he says something about discrimination, such as, ''“Slavery was the building block of our great country. We shouldn’t just blindly write off the argument for the Confederacy wanting to keep it.”'' and ''“We underestimate the bond between slave and master. So many slaves were comfortable with being enslaved. Happy even.”'' &lt;br /&gt;
He romanticized the antebellum South, praised the prison system for keeping slavery alive, and actively worked to dehumanize two Black students under his charge. His goal, and the goal of the other Mr. Chamberlains that have made flooding the school-to-prison pipeline their game, is to bring back the slavery of Black people in the current century. There’s also a scene during the aforementioned Halloween party where Miles has an opportunity to spy on the Chamberlains and they’re all standing around crowing about how well they’re doing ito get back to what exactly was, for them, “a better time”. &lt;br /&gt;
And when Alicia, a black girl character in this book, protested against what the teacher said, she got punished. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://stitchmediamix.com/2017/08/13/book-review-miles-morales-a-spider-man-novel/ (Book Review) Miles Morales – A Spider-Man Novel]. Stitch's Media. 13 August 2017. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Ruby_Bridges&amp;diff=6801702</id>
		<title>Ruby Bridges</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Ruby_Bridges&amp;diff=6801702"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T07:35:34Z</updated>

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&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Young Ruby Bridges.jpg|thumb|250px|Young Ruby Bridges]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ruby Nell Bridges or usually known as Ruby Bridges is an American activist who became a symbol of the civil rights movement. When she was six years old, she is the youngest of a group of African American students to integrate schools in the American South. Ruby’s birth year coincided with the US Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansas, which ended racial segregation in public schools. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ruby-Bridges Ruby Bridges].Britannica. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ruby Bridges was born on September 8, 1954, Bridges was the oldest of five children for Lucille and Abon Bridges, farmers in Tylertown, Mississippi.  At her age of two, her parents moved their family to New Orleans, Louisiana looking for better work opportunities. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Michal, Debra [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ruby-bridges Ruby Bridges]. National Women's History Museum. 2015. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; When Bridges was in kindergarten, she was one of the numerous African American understudies in New Orleans who were selected to take a test deciding if she could go to a white school. It is said the test was composed to be especially difficult with the goal that understudies would struggle passing. The thought was that if all the black children failed the test, New Orleans schools could possibly remain segregated for some time longer. In 1960, Bridges' parents were informed by authorities from the NAACP that she was the only one of six African American understudies who passes the test, which means Bridges would be the only African American understudies to go to the William Frantz School, the school near her house, and the first Black kid to attend an all-white primary school in the South. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.biography.com/activist/ruby-bridges Ruby Bridges Biography]. Biography. 27 April 2017. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ruby Bridges Escorted from School.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Ruby Bridges Escorted from School]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Contribution ==&lt;br /&gt;
November 14, 1960, Ruby Bridges was only six years old, she walked with determination as she became the first African American understudies to integrate a primary school in the South. This journey prompts the progression of the Civil Rights Movement and made a pathway for further integration across the southern parts of the U.S. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Halsell, Betti. [https://lasentinel.net/ruby-bridges-first-day-of-school-changed-history.html#:~:text=The%20footprints%20of%20a%20child,elementary%20school%20in%20the%20South. Ruby Bridges First Day of School Changed History]. LA Sentinel. 21 Nov 2019. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Ruby and her mother were accompanied by four government marshals to go to the school each day that year. She walked past mobs screaming awful slurs at her. Determined, she later said she only became terrified when she saw a lady holding a black baby doll in a coffin. She went through her first day in the principal’s office because of the chaos created as vicious white parents not letting their children go to that school. Ruby was only accepted by one white Boston local teacher, Barbara Henry, and she was the only one that willing to teach her. During lunchtime, Ruby ate lunch alone and sometimes played with her teacher during a break, despite the things she went through she never missed a day of school that year. &amp;quot;Mrs. Henry,&amp;quot; as Bridges would call her even as an adult. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Michal, Debra [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ruby-bridges Ruby Bridges]. National Women's History Museum. 2015. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On her second day, the environment near her school was much the same as the first, and for some time, it seemed as though Bridges wouldn't be able to attend class. Ruby was the only understudy in Henry's class because the other parents are not allowing their children to go to the same school as Ruby's and even threaten them, and send their children to other schools. For an entire year, Henry and Bridges sat one next to the other at two desks, working on Bridges' lessons. &lt;br /&gt;
Ruby's first few weeks at Frantz School were difficult. She was confronted with blatant racism several times when she was escorted by the government marshall. On her second day of school, she was threatened by a woman that says she will poison her. After that, the harm marshals permitted her to eat only food from home. On another day, she was &amp;quot;welcomed&amp;quot; by a lady &amp;quot;a Black doll in a wooden coffin. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.biography.com/activist/ruby-bridges Ruby Bridges Biography]. Biography. 27 April 2017. Retrieved January 29 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Bridges was the only student in attendance at the school between January and May 1961.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bridges completed her elementary education in William Frantz. She later graduated and earned a degree in business and fork in travel and tourism for fifteen years. In 1999, she established the Ruby Bridges Foundation, which has some expertise in peace promotion and diversity education. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brown, Nikki. [https://64parishes.org/entry/ruby-bridges Ruby Bridges]. 64 Parishes. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 2000, she was made an honorary deputy marshal in a ceremony in Washington, DC. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Michal, Debra [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ruby-bridges Ruby Bridges]. National Women's History Museum. 2015. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Story Of Ruby Bridges | The Story Of Ruby Bridges in children's story book]].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ruby Bridges (Film)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Personalities]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Paron_Hall&amp;diff=6801405</id>
		<title>Paron Hall</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Paron_Hall&amp;diff=6801405"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T07:07:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Paran Hall.jpg|thumb|250px|Paran Hall]]&lt;br /&gt;
Parran Hall is the main building for the University of Pittsburgh’s Graduate School of Public Health. This hall is named after Thomas Parran Jr, the Founding Dean of the school and the former U.S. Surgeon General, who played an active role in drafting the Social Security Act and founding the World Health Organization and advocated for universal healthcare. However, he was also the U.S. Surgeon General who directed two of the worst cases of bioethically unjustifiable experiments in U.S. history; The Tuskegee Study and the Guatemala Syphilis Experiment. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Perillo, Mallory. [https://www.panoramas.pitt.edu/opinion-and-interviews/naming-controversy-surrounding-parran-hall Naming Controversy Surrounding Parran Hall]. Panoramas. 28 May 2018. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Background ==&lt;br /&gt;
Thomas Parran Jr. who was born on September 28 1892 was an American doctor and an officer of the Public Health Service. He was born and raised near St. Leonard, Maryland, on his family's tobacco farm. He was mentored at home by a family member and went to St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland, on a grant (1911, A.B.; 1915, A.M.). Finances impacted his choice to go to Georgetown University School of Medicine (1915, M.D.) and to continue with an internship at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C. He has a lifelong interest in research during medical school. The American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association named its lifetime accomplishment award after Parran in acknowledgment of his work to bring issues to raise awareness regarding sexually transmitted diseases. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Parran_Jr. Thomas Parran Jr.]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Parran, who served as the first dean of Pitt’s School of Public Health from 1948 to 1958, was involved in the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study while serving as U.S. Surgeon General from 1936 to 1948. He was also involved in a government-sponsored study that infected prisoners and mental institution patients with venereal disease in Guatemala. The Tuskegee, Alabama, study retained data and treatment from 399 black males with syphilis so analysts could notice the advancement of the infection. Throughout the 40-year study, 28 men died from syphilis, 40 spouses were infected, and 19 children were brought into the world with an intrinsic type of the illness.&lt;br /&gt;
As far back as the mid-1800s, populations that were devalued in American society such as racial minorities, people with disabilities and mental illness, orphans, prisoners, the elderly, became subject without consent for science experiments. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.wpdhac.org/university-of-pittsburgh-calls-attention-to-a-dishonorable-history-in-experimentation/ University of Pittsburgh Calls Attention to a Dishonorable History in Experimentation]. Western Pennsylvania Disability History &amp;amp; Action Consortium. 15 Aug 2018. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Before the discovery of penicillin as a treatment, syphilis was deadly. However many black men filled in as guineas pigs in a 40-year experiment for which Parran filled in as the clear inspiration. In that period, researchers neglected to give them new treatment and didn't educate them that the objective of the examination was to index the damages of untreated syphilis on human subjects. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Benzing, Jeffrey. [https://www.publicsource.org/will-parran-hall-on-pitts-campus-be-stripped-of-its-name-due-to-racist-ugly-legacy-of-dr-thomas-parran/ Pitt to remove Dr. Thomas Parran’s name from university building. Here’s why]. Public Source. 27 March 2018. Retrieved February 2 2021 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Ruby_Bridges_(Film)&amp;diff=6801368</id>
		<title>Ruby Bridges (Film)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Ruby_Bridges_(Film)&amp;diff=6801368"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T06:54:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Ruby Bridges (film).jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ruby Bridges is TV movie, based on the true story of [[Ruby Bridges]]. This movie was realeased in 1998, directed by Euzhan Palcy and written by Toni Ann Johnson. This movie shares the story of one of the first black students in 1960 to attend integrated schools in New Orleans, Louisiana. As a six-year-old, [[Ruby Bridges | Bridges]] was one of four black first-graders, chosen based on test scores, to attend previously all-white public schools in New Orleans.&lt;br /&gt;
The film was nominated for several awards, including an NAACP Image award. The writer, Toni Ann Johnson, won the 1998 Humanitas Prize for her teleplay. The film also won The Christopher Award. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Bridges_(film) Ruby Bridges (film)]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This film presents the real-life tale of young [[Ruby Bridges]] (Chaz Monet), one of the first African-American children to attend an integrated school in the Deep South. When she is 6 years old, [[Ruby Bridges | Bridges]] is chosen to go to an all-white school in New Orleans, as a racially divided region, this scenery causing an outrage. Among individuals who attempt to assist [[Ruby Bridges | Bridges]] with changing the tense situation are teacher Barbara Henry (Penelope Ann Miller) and Dr. Robert Coles (Kevin Pollak), a child psychiatrist. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ruby_bridges Ruby Bridges]. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved Februray 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ruby Bridges]] was the only black girl to come to the school she was sent to, and since all the white mothers pulled their children out of class, she was the only one there. Despite the fact that she faced a mob filled with furious white citizens consistently, she emerged unscathed, physically or emotionally. The 6-year-old title character, chosen as one of the principal African Americans to go to a white school, is accompanied by government marshals every morning past a shouting crowd, fist-waving protesters: an ordinary-looking mother who screams that she’s going to hang or poison [[Ruby Bridges | Bridges]], clean-cut young men who are red with rage, a grandmother who holds a model of a black child in a coffin.&lt;br /&gt;
In the days that follow, Ruby's father loses his job (as a Korean War veteran, he feels particularly betrayed), the white owner of a grocery store tells Ruby's family to stop shopping, and even the black neighbors turn on the Bridges on account of the defensive police barriers and different interruptions in everybody's lives. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miller, Daryl H. [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-17-ca-9099-story.html ‘Ruby Bridges’ Looks at a Hateful World]. LA Times. 17 Jan 1999. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ruby Bridges]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Story Of Ruby Bridges | The Story Of Ruby Bridges in children's story book]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Drama Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Ruby_Bridges_(Film)&amp;diff=6801350</id>
		<title>Ruby Bridges (Film)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Ruby_Bridges_(Film)&amp;diff=6801350"/>
		<updated>2021-03-09T06:51:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Ruby Bridges (film).jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ruby Bridges is TV movie, based on the true story of [[Ruby Bridges]]. This movie was realeased in 1998, directed by Euzhan Palcy and written by Toni Ann Johnson. This movie shares the story of one of the first black students in 1960 to attend integrated schools in New Orleans, Louisiana. As a six-year-old, [[Ruby Bridges | Bridges]] was one of four black first-graders, chosen based on test scores, to attend previously all-white public schools in New Orleans.&lt;br /&gt;
The film was nominated for several awards, including an NAACP Image award. The writer, Toni Ann Johnson, won the 1998 Humanitas Prize for her teleplay. The film also won The Christopher Award. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Bridges_(film) Ruby Bridges (film)]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This film presents the real-life tale of young [[Ruby Bridges]] (Chaz Monet), one of the first African-American children to attend an integrated school in the Deep South. When she is 6 years old, Ruby is chosen to go to an all-white school in New Orleans, as a racially divided region, this scenery causing an outrage. Among individuals who attempt to assist Ruby with changing the tense situation are teacher Barbara Henry (Penelope Ann Miller) and Dr. Robert Coles (Kevin Pollak), a child psychiatrist. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ruby_bridges Ruby Bridges]. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved Februray 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ruby Bridges]] was the only black girl to come to the school she was sent to, and since all the white mothers pulled their children out of class, she was the only one there. Despite the fact that she faced a mob filled with furious white citizens consistently, she emerged unscathed, physically or emotionally. The 6-year-old title character, chosen as one of the principal African Americans to go to a white school, is accompanied by government marshals every morning past a shouting crowd, fist-waving protesters: an ordinary-looking mother who screams that she’s going to hang or poison Ruby, clean-cut young men who are red with rage, a grandmother who holds a model of a black child in a coffin.&lt;br /&gt;
In the days that follow, Ruby's father loses his job (as a Korean War veteran, he feels particularly betrayed), the white owner of a grocery store tells Ruby's family to stop shopping, and even the black neighbors turn on the Bridges on account of the defensive police barriers and different interruptions in everybody's lives.. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miller, Daryl H. [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-17-ca-9099-story.html ‘Ruby Bridges’ Looks at a Hateful World]. LA Times. 17 Jan 1999. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ruby Bridges]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Story Of Ruby Bridges | The Story Of Ruby Bridges in children's story book]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Drama Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Souls_of_Black_Folk&amp;diff=6783419</id>
		<title>The Souls of Black Folk</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Souls_of_Black_Folk&amp;diff=6783419"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T15:42:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Souls of Black Folk.jpg|thumb|250px|The Souls of Black Folk Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Souls of Black Folk is a work of American literature by W. E. B. Du Bois in 1903. It is an original work throughout the entire existence of social science and a foundation of African-American writing. The book contains a few expositions on race, some of which had been distributed before in The Atlantic Monthly. To build up this work, Du Bois drew from his own encounters as an African American in American culture. Outside of its remarkable pertinence in African-American history, The Souls of Black Folk additionally holds a significant spot in sociology as one of the early works in the field of sociology.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk The Souls of Black Folk]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book contains fourteen essays where Du Bois provided keen insight into the social problems of the day. The content is significant because of its expansive applications for understanding the religious, economic, political, social, and cultural implications of a society precariously structured to earn and gauge the achievement of one group to the detriment of another. Moreover, Du Bois's observations and discoveries are immortal; a large number of his interests keep on plaguing today's society. Du Bois introduced a problem - how a religious, White America could be so settled in racism, on one hand, and how a deeply aggrieved Black America negotiated such terrain through the use of that same religion. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Barnes, Sandra L. [https://www.princeton.edu/~jweisenf/northstar/volume6/barnes.html#:~:text=The%20Souls%20of%20Black%20Folk%20holds%20a%20unique%20position%20as,in%20the%20face%20of%20adversity. A Sociological Examination of W. E. B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk]. The North Star. 2003. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The author eloquently informed the reader of a variety of challenges faced by Black people as a result of inequities in every societal arena. Moreover, he dove into their spiritual psyche to show an indomitable spirit. The strength of the work also lies in Du Bois's ability to systematically and critically assess flaws in White society and the resulting limitations in Black society. Despite the fact that he obviously highlighted the tradition of racism as the essential offender that hindered progress for the Black masses, he had the option to soberly attest to ways in which an enormous fragment of the Black populace would not profit themselves of those current assets needed to improve their lot. At the core of the content was the introduction of  a conflicted, dichotomized distinguish being Black and American, where the former identity labeled one an &amp;quot;issue&amp;quot; to be disregarded, felt sorry for, or stigmatized and the latter identity served as a constant reminder of a legacy of oppression and station to be esteemed but never reached. Du Bois also uutilized different divisions - the holy and common, subjective and quantitative examinations, and instances of persecution and freedom. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Barnes, Sandra L. [https://www.princeton.edu/~jweisenf/northstar/volume6/barnes.html#:~:text=The%20Souls%20of%20Black%20Folk%20holds%20a%20unique%20position%20as,in%20the%20face%20of%20adversity. A Sociological Examination of W. E. B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk]. The North Star. 2003. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this book Du Bois coins two terms that have developed into theoretical fields of study: “double consciousness” and “the Veil.&amp;quot; “Double consciousness&amp;quot; is the belief that the African-Americans in the United States lives with two conflicting identities that cannot be entirely merged together. The first and most important to the black experience is the black identity. The second most important thing is the American identity, an identity into which the black man was born only because of the historical remnants of slavery. Working along with the idea of double consciousness is the veil, which portrays that African-Americans' lived experience occurs behind a cloak. While they can comprehend what life resembles for people outside of and within their group, it is difficult for white people to completely understand the black experience. The Souls of Black Folk provides the reader with a glimpse into life behind the veil. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.gradesaver.com/the-souls-of-black-folk/study-guide/summary The Souls of Black Folk Summary]. Grade Saver. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Non-fiction Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Stamped:_Racism,_Antiracism,_and_You&amp;diff=6782588</id>
		<title>Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Stamped:_Racism,_Antiracism,_and_You&amp;diff=6782588"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T15:29:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Stamped.jpg|thumb|Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You: A Remix of the National Book Award-winning Stamped from the Beginning is The #1 New York Times bestselling, &amp;quot;must-read&amp;quot; (San Francisco Chronicle), &amp;quot;amazingly timely and stunningly accessible&amp;quot; (Jacqueline Woodson) investigation of race and racism from award-winning, authors Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi. This book uncovers the historical backdrop of racist ideas in America and inspires hope for an antiracist future. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Stamped_Racism_Antiracism_and_You.html?id=gRKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;amp;redir_esc=y Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You]. Google Books. Retrieved January 28 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book takes the readers on a racial journey from the past until now, shows why do people feel how they feel, and why the poison of racism lingers. It also demonstrates that while racist ideas have consistently been not difficult to create and convey, they can likewise be disparaged.. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://bookshop.org/books/stamped-racism-antiracism-and-you-a-remix-of-the-national-book-award-winning-stamped-from-the-beginning/9780316453691 Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You: A Remix of the National Book Award-Winning Stamped from the Beginning]. Bookshop. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book gets so many good reviews about how it tries to explain to the readers about racism by exploring racism and anti racism in America.&lt;br /&gt;
Kaitlyn Greenidge, from The New York Times Book Review, says that ''&amp;quot;Reynolds's engaging, clear prose shines a light on difficult and confusing subjects, including anti-blackness and the creation of racial capitalism. Terms like &amp;quot;segregationist,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;integrationist&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;anti-racist&amp;quot; are defined in direct, accessible language, becoming real tools for a reader to take from the book. This is no easy feat. These ideas are the water that we all swim in. But the book's pauses of white space and radical changes in font and text size force the reader to stop and really consider what is being deconstructed.&amp;quot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, Publisher Weekly gives a review why this is a good book, ''&amp;quot;Reynolds (Look Both Ways) lends his signature flair to remixing Kendi’s award-winning Stamped from the Beginning into a powerful “not a history book” primer on the historical roots and present-day manifestations of antiblack racism in America. In five sections, Reynolds’s conversational text discusses the influential figures, movements, and events that have propagated racist ideas, beginning in 1415 with the publication of the infamous work that laid the groundwork for subsequent religious justifications of enslaving African peoples and continuing through the “war on drugs” and #BlackLivesMatter. Employing a format that hews closely to Kendi’s original, Reynolds discusses and differentiates between segregationist (“a hater”), assimilationist (“a coward”), and antiracist (“someone who truly loves”) rhetoric via figures such as Angela Davis, W.E.B. DuBois, Thomas Jefferson, and Cotton Mather. Short chapters, lively phrasing (“You know what hits do—they spread”), and intentional breaks (“Time Out,” “Let’s all just take a deep breath”) help maintain a brisk, compelling pace. Told impressively economically, loaded with historical details that connect clearly to current experiences, and bolstered with suggested reading and listening selected specifically for young readers.&amp;quot;''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/stamped-jason-reynolds/1133020388 Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You: A Remix of the National Book Award-winning Stamped from the Beginning]. Barnes&amp;amp;Nobles. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Non-fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Seven_Seconds&amp;diff=6782201</id>
		<title>Seven Seconds</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Seven_Seconds&amp;diff=6782201"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T15:20:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Seven Seconds.jpg|thumb|200px|Seven Seconds Cover on Netflix]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seven Seconds is a crime drama tv series directed by Yury Bykof, based on the Russian movie The Major, this series first released in February 2018 on Netflix.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Seconds_(TV_series) Seven Seconds]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Seven Seconds takes on these themes: the tragedy of Black death and the aftermath of turmoil in the struggle for some semblance of justice. It is a timely drama that investigates different points and roles to illustrate the tangled snare of a framework that frequently fails Black Americans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
A white police officer, Pete Jablonski, accidentally hit a black teenager, Brenton Butler, with a car. That accident raises the racial tensions in New Jersey city. Jablonski, full of guilt, needs to report what occurred, yet his police officer's friend persuades him that people, in general, would not warmly embrace a white cop killing a black kid, regardless of whether it was an accident. In the meantime, KJ Harper, a black assistant prosecutor with a drinking issue, is appointed to work on the case. She works closely with Brenton’s mother Latrice, who finds there might be more to her child than she and her husband knew about. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.showtimes.com/movies/seven-seconds-netflix-130260/ showtimes] Retrieved January 13 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Controversy==&lt;br /&gt;
Everyday modern American racism is perfectly illustrated in Seven Seconds. It shows how cowardly some of the people who are supposed to serve and protect every citizen can be. One thing that this show doesn't do is provide any solution for how Americans can fix the underlying issues that lead to these unjust legal proceedings. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Reliford, Alexis. [https://www.bustle.com/p/seven-seconds-accurately-portrays-race-relations-in-america-but-thats-no-longer-good-enough-8295609 This Netflix Drama Is A Devastatingly Accurate Depiction Of Race, But That's No Longer Enough]. Bustle. 24 Feb 2018. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fact that the family is not being taken seriously by the police, they are mostly left in questions than getting answers and how they are having hard times due to their skin color. The issue of racism, and the failure of the justice system to ensure Black lives in the United States, goes past instances of police brutality and cop acquittals. Various investigations have set up that racism is embedded within our system, and its roots run deep. Through the Black Lives Matter movement, and the current wild political environment, a magnifying glass set over the issue of race relations and African American abuse in America. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Robinson, Chauncey K.. [https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/seven-seconds-netflix-series-explores-how-the-system-fails-black-americans “Seven Seconds”: Netflix series explores how the system fails Black Americans]. Peoples World. 21 March 2018. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in TV Series]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Undefeated_by_Kwame_Alexander&amp;diff=6781431</id>
		<title>The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Undefeated_by_Kwame_Alexander&amp;diff=6781431"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T15:06:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Undefeated Book Cover.jpg|thumb|250px|The Undefeated Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Undefeated, a book based on a poem originally published on 2019, written by Kwame Alexander and illustrated by Kadir Nelson. This book has won three awards from the American Library Association Monday. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://theundefeated.com/features/childrens-book-the-undefeated-wins-caldecott-and-two-other-awards/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This book has an illustration photo-realistic oil paintings by Kadir Nelson which are the highlight of the book. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Duncan, Elizabeth. [https://inthewritersweb.com/2020/03/book-review-the-undefeated-by-kwame-alexander-illustrated-by-kadir-nelson/ https://www.supersummary.com/the-undefeated/summary/]. In the Writer's Web. 18 March 2020. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
The Undefeated is a non-fiction history-in-verse by Kwame Alexander written for children aged six to twelve. The book, which is written as a long poem in Alexander's signature style,  recounts the genuine accounts of noticeable African Americans who assumed a critical part in American history and past. The illustrator paints most of the figures noted in the poem and includes a record of chronicled figures and occasions for young readers to investigate as they read. The Undefeated remembers numerous generally referred to figures for black history – [[Martin Luther King Jr. | Martin Luther King, Jr.]], Malcolm X, [[Harriet Tubman]], and others. Also keen on investigating black literary history, Alexander references modernist poet Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, and other prominent thinkers whose work affected him and numerous other young black artists. Some other less generally referenced names are raised in Alexander's poem.  He makes it a highlight to honor the neighbors, revolutionaries, activists, and other anonymous heroes who lived and died in obscurity,yet who saved lives, helped kids, and by and large endeavored to battle for African American rights in the Civil Rights Era and past. Alexander additionally discusses police viciousness in the modern era, making a dedication for Sandra Bland and Michael Brown,among others lost to police brutality. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.supersummary.com/the-undefeated/summary/ The Undefeated Summary]. Super Summary. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Undefeated.jpg|thumb|left|250px|one of the pages in The Undefeated Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The book addresses the horror of slavery, the violence of the civil rights movement, and the police brutality of today. The most moving portion of the book involves three pages illustrating: “This is for the unspeakable.” The first of these three spreads, unobtrusive and amazing, copy a drawing from the 1780s of the hold of a slave boat and shows men's bodies laying next to each other, edge to edge, looking like designed African fabric until one looks closer. The second incorporates outlined representations of the four little girls killed in the Birmingham Church bombarding, with pieces of glasses covering their sweet faces. The last shows an unconstrained remembrance of youth killed in recent police brutality. The truth of these occasions can't be denied and adds trustworthiness and profundity to the story, in any case doesn't degrade the general positive message of the book. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Duncan, Elizabeth. [https://inthewritersweb.com/2020/03/book-review-the-undefeated-by-kwame-alexander-illustrated-by-kadir-nelson/ https://www.supersummary.com/the-undefeated/summary/]. In the Writer's Web. 18 March 2020. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book is full of poems that are a love letter to black life in the United States. It features the unspeakable trauma of slavery, the faith and fire of the civil rights movement, and the coarseness, energy, and persistence of a portion of the world's most noteworthy heroes. The text is also peppered with references to the words of Martin Luther King, Jr., Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and others, offering deeper insights into the accomplishments of the past, while focusing on the perseverance and soul of those enduring and flourishing in the present. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40796177-the-undefeated The Undefeated]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Takeaway gives a review and says, ''&amp;quot;An empowering look at the history of black Americans.&amp;quot;''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Undefeated-Kwame-Alexander/dp/1328780961 The Undefeated]. Amazon. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It can be shared with children as young as preschoolers, as an introduction to both American and Black-American history. For older students, it can serve as a springboard to understanding history through individuals or groups. The book's back issue incorporates an explained rundown of recorded figures and occasions included in the book. The book can be used as a treasured by parents and children, as well as being a powerful teaching tool for the elementary classroom. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Duncan, Elizabeth. [https://inthewritersweb.com/2020/03/book-review-the-undefeated-by-kwame-alexander-illustrated-by-kadir-nelson/ https://www.supersummary.com/the-undefeated/summary/]. In the Writer's Web. 18 March 2020. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Non-fiction Novels|Black Racism in Non-Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Remember:_The_Journey_to_School_Integration&amp;diff=6780643</id>
		<title>Remember: The Journey to School Integration</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Remember:_The_Journey_to_School_Integration&amp;diff=6780643"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T14:52:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Remember Book Cover.jpg|thumb|Remember Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Remember: The Journey to School Integration is a fictional story with historic background and photographs depicting students during the period of integration written by By Toni Morrison. This book awarded Coretta Scott King Award. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://historyexplorer.si.edu/books/book/remember-journey-school-integration Remember: A Journey to School Integration]. History Explorer. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Toni Morrison is a master storyteller. Her momentous novel Beloved won the 1988 Pulitzer Prize in fiction. She became the first black woman who received the Nobel Peace Prize in Literature in 1993. She is currently the Robert F. Goheen Professor of Humanities at Princeton University. This book is her first historical work for children. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/readers_guides/morrison_remember.shtml Remember by Toni Morrison]. Houghton Mifflin Books. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Toni Morrison’s look at school desegregation in the 1950s and the civil rights movement that followed is all about people: those who put themselves on the line to correct injustice, to change the way things were, and to challenge accepted values, as well as everyone who benefits from those changes right now. The photo and extra content welcome us to place ourselves into this period of progress and see how it felt. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/readers_guides/morrison_remember.shtml Remember by Toni Morrison]. Houghton Mifflin Books. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Assembling in excess of 50 photos portraying segregation, school scenes, and occasions preceding and following the 1954 Supreme Court ruling on Brown v. Board of Education, Morrison, writes that &amp;quot;because remembering is the mind's first step toward understanding,&amp;quot; her book is intended to take readers &amp;quot;on a journey through a time in American life when there was as much hate as there was love.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-618-39740-2 REMEMBER: The Journey to School Integration]. Publisher Weekly. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Morrison is careful to provide younger readers background on what happened during the Civil Rights struggle. Every one of the three segments starts with data giving setting to the photos.&lt;br /&gt;
The first segment—“The Narrow Gate”– opens with an image of black children in a segregated school and another little girl standing and reading out loud.  The content close to the photograph says,“The law says I can’t go to school with white children. Are they afraid of my socks, my braids? I am seven years old. Why are they afraid of me?” Most of the other images in this section show assorted segregated classrooms. It finishes up with a photograph of two girls strolling along a railroad track to class in Topeka, Kansas. &lt;br /&gt;
This image is followed by the book’s second section, called “The Open Gate,” which has a topic about attempts at integration. There is first a picture of the New York Times’ first page reporting the Brown vs. Board of Education decision. On the facing page is a picture of the Supreme Court. &lt;br /&gt;
Some of the pictures are disturbing. Three white men chasing a black man down a street. A little white boy in a Klan outfit inclining out a vehicle window. Two students fighting on a sidewalk. A white restaurant owner, his cigarette hanging from the corner of his mouth, throwing water on protesters.  White crowds haranguing black students.&lt;br /&gt;
The book’s third segment, “The Open Gate,” also includes pictures of demonstrations of dissent and white counterprotest that were important for the Civil Rights movement, however an undeniably cheerful note arises as we move towards the book's conclusion. This is the section that includes photos of Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.buckeyemuse.com/toni-morrisons-remember-the-journey-to-school-integration/ Toni Morrison’s “Remember: The Journey To School Integration.”]. Buckeymuse. Retrieved 1 February 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Rat_Film&amp;diff=6780331</id>
		<title>Rat Film</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Rat_Film&amp;diff=6780331"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T14:39:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Rat Film.jpg|thumb|Rat Film Movie Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Rat Film is directed by Theo Anthony, is a documentary utilizing strategies of essay and collage, published in 2016. Rat infestation in Baltimore is a starting point in this documentary to investigate issues regarding segregation, redlining, poverty, and the allocation of resources in American urban areas. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Film Rat Film]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Synopsis ==&lt;br /&gt;
Across borders, rats not only uncover our barriers of separation but also make homes in it. This documentary film uses rat, as well as humans that adore them, live in the same place as them, and also kill them, to go through the history of Baltimore. &amp;quot;There's never been a rat problem in Baltimore, it's always been a people problem&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://memory.is/rat-film Rat Film]. Memory. Retrieved January 19 2021. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The film director, Anthony, looks into a 1911 Baltimore law mandating the segregation of its neighborhoods. In 1917, that law was overturned and replaced by the private enforcement of segregation, by means of restrictive covenants in title deeds. Anthony follows the advancement of the city's isolated areas—and the unwholesome conditions where the city’s black residents were forced to live.  He interfaces the city's endeavors at rat destruction to the public authority's dread, during the Second World War, that Germany would utilize the bubonic plague as a natural weapon. (The eradication exertion included experimentation with untested substances in black neighborhoods.) Yet, after the war finished, endeavors at bug control disappeared. Working with a demographer, Anthony finds a nearby connection between's the pervasiveness of a wide scope of present-day burdens and the predominantly black neighborhoods set up a century prior—including, obviously, the unrelieved commonness of rats.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brody, Richard [https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/three-genre-expanding-documentaries-about-racist-crimes-of-the-past Three Genre-Expanding Documentaries About Racist Crimes of the Past]. The New Yorker. 8 March 2017. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Rat Film’s attempt to expose systemic racism through Baltimore’s overwhelming infiltration of rampaging pests, it is too often distracted with experimentation. Horrifying history lessons encompassing segregation law, undercover logical analyses on the black population, and the racist redlining of city blocks will start a sound, and genuinely necessary portion of anger. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gulllickson, Brad. [https://nonfics.com/rat-film-review-bf6afbebb019/ ‘Rat Film’ Nibbles at the Systemic Racism Plaguing Baltimore]. Nonfics. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Baltimore was the first city in early 20th century America to pass a residential segregation law — later scrapped by the Supreme Court — restricting blacks and whites to certain parts of the city. “Ain’t never been a rat problem in Baltimore; it’s always been a people problem,” says one of his interviewees, a wise and wizened rat exterminator who noticed that the critters thrive in poor housing areas. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.arabnews.com/node/1177551/offbeat ‘Rat Film’ highlights Baltimore’s rodents, racism]. Arabnews. 14 October 2017. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The filmmaker highlights the historical city government practice of denying home and business loans to people living in majority-black neighborhoods. The same language to talk about the &amp;quot;infiltration&amp;quot; of black populaces was used the way when city officials talk about rats as they talk about it now.  To underline his point, Anthony lays statistical maps of present-day Baltimore's unemployment and mortality rates over a racial segregation map from 80 years ago, showing how accurately they dovetail.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.france24.com/en/20171014-rat-film-highlights-baltimores-rodents-racism 'Rat Film' highlights Baltimore's rodents, racism]. France24. 14 October 2017. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Documentary Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=This_Side_of_Home&amp;diff=6769668</id>
		<title>This Side of Home</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=This_Side_of_Home&amp;diff=6769668"/>
		<updated>2021-03-08T07:11:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:This Side of Home.jpg|200px|thumb|This Side of Home Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
This Side of Home is written by one of the New York Times bestselling authors, Renee Watson, and published on February 3, 2015. This book is directed for teens (13-17 yo) that talks about sisters, friends, and what it means to embrace change. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/This-Side-Home-Ren%C3%A9e-Watson/dp/1619639300 This Side of Home]. Amazon. Retrieved January 28 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Identical twins Nikki and Maya have always been together for everything and starting their grown-up lives at a historically African-American college. But as their neighborhood starting to change and becoming more modern, filled in new coffee shops and boutiques, Nikki feels excited while Maya feels like their house is starting to fade away. Suddenly, the sisters who had always shared everything should defy their contradicting emotions on the significance of their ethnic and social personalities and, all the while, figure out how to isolate themselves from the long shadow of their way of life as twins. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22392935-this-side-of-home This Side of Home]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This novel is set in present-day Portland and centers on identical African American twins Nikki and Maya, as well as their best friend Essence. Together they are caught up in their neighborhood’s change from sketchy to up-and-coming. Because of this change, many of the residents of this formerly all-black community are constrained out by over the top leases and supplanted by well off white families and a large number of of high-end boutiques and restaurants. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Clare, Runnymede. [https://torontopubliclibrary.typepad.com/teens/2015/09/this-side-of-home-reviewed.html THIS SIDE OF HOME Reviewed]. TPL Teens. 6 September 2015. Retrieved January 28 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Institutionalized racism also causes distress to the girls' lives. The students at the girls' high school do not get new books like kids at more privileged schools, and the twins' mom drives them to the opposite part of town because the parks are better there. &lt;br /&gt;
The book shares that, Maya is by and large continually characterized by her race wears. At the point when she is in a store, she is approached to check her assets while white clients calmly shop with a lot bigger sacks.&lt;br /&gt;
There are some parts where Maya and her friends are convinced that youth of color need to be portrayed in a more positive light. She becomes newly elected the student council president but is shocked to find that it is merely a figurehead position while the school principal pulls the strings.  Principals bans a Black History Month celebration—against the student council's advice—and replace it with a diversity luncheon. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;McDermott, Miranda.[https://www.nypl.org/blog/2018/01/09/booktalking-this-side-home-renee-watson Booktalking: &amp;quot;This Side of Home&amp;quot; by Renee Watson]. New York Public Library. 18 January 2018. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Soul_Man&amp;diff=6741922</id>
		<title>Soul Man</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Soul_Man&amp;diff=6741922"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T15:52:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Soul Man.jpg|thumb|Soul Man Scene]]&lt;br /&gt;
Soul Man is a 1986 American comedy film directed by Steve Miner and written by Carol L. Black. The film got involved in controversy because it is portraying a white entertainer in blackface, provoking some people to protest against its release. The film was widely criticized for featuring a white actor wearing blackface. In spite of the movie is controversial and critics gave then negative reviews, Soul Man was successful, profiting $35 million on a $4.5 million budget. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Man_(film) Soul Man (film)]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
The main character in this movie is a UCLA graduate who acts as a black person in order to fit the bill for a grant to Harvard Law School, and the movie shows his first semester in the Harvard Law School, when he fights with a black professor, have a crush with a black woman and experience racism. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Ebert Roger. [https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/soul-man-1986 Soul Man]. Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The plot concerns a young, white man who is accepted by Harvard Law School but can't come up with the sky-high tuition until he hits on the idea of pretending to be black. After he turns his skin to black using overdose tanning pills, he applies and gets a scholarship that only accepted black students. The filmmakers never put their shoes on the black people and don't understand anything about being black, and that restricts their capacity to discover the humor in the circumstance they've set up.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Boyar, Jay. [https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1986-10-25-0260350201-story.html 'Soul Man' Just Goes to Show Discrimination Isn't Funny]. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Comedy Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Unspeakable:_The_Tulsa_Race_Massacre&amp;diff=6741916</id>
		<title>Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Unspeakable:_The_Tulsa_Race_Massacre&amp;diff=6741916"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T15:44:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Unspeakable- The Tulsa Race Massacre.jpg|250px|thumb|Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre by Carole Boston Weatherford and by Floyd Cooper (as the illustrator). Carole Boston Weatherford known as the author of some children's literature and historical book. Weatherford has also written Juneteenth Jamboree, Freedom in Congo Square, and You Can Fly: The Tuskegee Airmen. Notably, Weatherford has written literary criticisms of racist representations in children's entertainment. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Boston_Weatherford Carole Boston Weatherford]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book tells the historical backdrop of the Tulsa Race Massacre, one of the most exceedingly awful occurrences of racial savagery in United States history. The book follows the historical backdrop of African Americans in Tulsa's Greenwood district and chronicles the devastation that happened in 1921 when a white crowd assaulted the community of black people.  Starts by praising the triumphs of the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma, otherwise called Black Wall Street. It was the place where exchange and the neighborhood through in excess of 200 organizations, including beauty shops, msoft drink parlors, two Black-claimed papers and the biggest Black-possessed lodging in the country. At that point changed happen when a black man was accused by a white woman of assault.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/54222468-unspeakable Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-5415-8120-3 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Publisher Weekly. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book retells the history of racial violence, white crowd assaulted the black community in the United States. It started with a white woman accusing a Black man of assault and resulting in his arrest, a provocative feature that affected an irate white crowd, and the crowd’s subsequent resulting slaughter of Black residents and burning of the whole Greenwood neighborhood. The white crowd then raged Greenwood, plundering and burning homes and businesses alike. Hundreds of Black people were killed and the neighborhood was completely destroyed. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.brooklinebooksmith.com/book/9781541581203 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Brookline Booksmith. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Unspeakable-Massacre-Carole-Boston-Weatherford/dp/1541581202 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Amazon. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Non-Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Unspeakable:_The_Tulsa_Race_Massacre&amp;diff=6741910</id>
		<title>Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Unspeakable:_The_Tulsa_Race_Massacre&amp;diff=6741910"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T15:29:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Unspeakable- The Tulsa Race Massacre.jpg|250px|thumb|Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre by Carole Boston Weatherford and by Floyd Cooper (as the illustrator). Carole Boston Weatherford known as the author of some children's literature and historical book. Weatherford has also written Juneteenth Jamboree, Freedom in Congo Square, and You Can Fly: The Tuskegee Airmen. Notably, Weatherford has written literary criticisms of racist representations in children's entertainment. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Boston_Weatherford Carole Boston Weatherford]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book tells the historical backdrop of the Tulsa Race Massacre, one of the most exceedingly awful occurrences of racial savagery in United States history. The book follows the historical backdrop of African Americans in Tulsa's Greenwood district and chronicles the devastation that happened in 1921 when a white crowd assaulted the community of black people.  Starts by praising the triumphs of the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma, otherwise called Black Wall Street. It was where trade and the local area thrived through more than 200 businesses, including beauty shops, movie theaters, soda parlors, two Black-owned newspapers and the largest Black-owned hotel in the country. Then changed happen when a black man was accused by a white woman of assault.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/54222468-unspeakable Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-5415-8120-3 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Publisher Weekly. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book retells the history of racial violence, white crowd assaulted the black community in the United States. It started with a white woman accusing a Black man of assault and resulting in his arrest, a provocative feature that affected an irate white crowd, and the crowd’s subsequent resulting slaughter of Black residents and burning of the whole Greenwood neighborhood. The white crowd then raged Greenwood, plundering and burning homes and businesses alike. Hundreds of Black people were killed and the neighborhood was completely destroyed. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.brooklinebooksmith.com/book/9781541581203 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Brookline Booksmith. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Unspeakable-Massacre-Carole-Boston-Weatherford/dp/1541581202 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Amazon. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Non-Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Hale_County_This_Morning,_This_Evening&amp;diff=6741879</id>
		<title>Hale County This Morning, This Evening</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Hale_County_This_Morning,_This_Evening&amp;diff=6741879"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T14:33:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Hale County.png|thumb|200px|Hale County This Morning, This Evening]]&lt;br /&gt;
Hale County This Morning, This Evening is a documentary movie directed by RaMell Ross that depicts the existence of African-American individuals lives in Hale County, Alabama. Hale County This Morning, This Evening, has earned critical acclaim and a host of accolades, as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature. An impressionistic and avant-garde film set in Hale County, Alabama, it looks at the commonplace and close snapshots of its African American heroes and the local area wherein they live. In his utilization of poetic images and nonclassical structure, Ross opposes simple measurement and brisk synopsis about dark life in the South. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sheppard, Samantha N.&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/02/hale-county-best-documentary-nod-defies-oscar-norms/582976/ The Documentary That Bucks Oscar Trends—And Still Got a Nomination]. The Atlantic. 20 Feb 2019. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Hale County This Morning, This Evening looks at the lives of Daniel Collins and Quincy Bryant, two young African American men from rural Hale County, Alabama, throughout the span of five years. Collins goes to college looking for a promising circumstance while Bryant turns into a dad to an energetic son in an open-ended, poetic form that privileges the patiently observed interstices of their lives. People who watch this movie are welcome to find the mundane and monumental, birth and death, the quotidian and the sublime. These moments join to convey the locale's profound culture and give looks at the perplexing ways the African American community’s collective image is is coordinated into America's visual creative mind. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.cinemaguild.com/theatrical/halecounty.html Hale County This Morning, This Evening]. Cinema Guild. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Racial discrimination ==&lt;br /&gt;
Hale County This Morning, This Evening had a scene where the camera then cuts to a close-up of the rearview mirror, uncovering the white police officer who pulled them over. The picture is layered with the sounds of Daniel’s voice from back on the court, seeing the slam dunk, and calling out: “Oh my God, whose child is this?!” As the audience contemplates “what it thinks” about individuals of color being dealt with uniquely different to white individuals by the police, Daniel’s shouted inquiry enters the scene as both festival and judgment of the manners by which individuals of color are highlighted in American culture. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sheppard, Samantha N. [https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/02/hale-county-best-documentary-nod-defies-oscar-norms/582976/ The Documentary That Bucks Oscar Trends—And Still Got a Nomination]. The Atlantic. 20 Feb 2019. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The producer could show the racial discrimination without making politics explicit, the surrounding danger of superciliously forced force is clarified in scenes of police stops of youthful dark male drivers. No unmistakable pitilessness appears, and no maltreatments are portrayed. However, the strain and the dread stimulated by these implemented experiences is substantial—and it's reëmphasized in a succession of powerful parody, where one young fellow energetically fantasizes about a film that would be designated “A World Without Guns.” As he expounds the dream, it's all around very plain that it would be very much like the present world with guns: in his vision, police officers would instead be outfitted with spears and would throw them with deadly effect at pindividuals who escape. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brody, Richard. [https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/the-experimental-high-notes-of-hale-county-this-morning-this-evening The Experimental High Notes of “Hale County This Morning, This Evening”]. The New Yorker. 19 September 2018. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Documentary Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Soul_Man&amp;diff=6741865</id>
		<title>Soul Man</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Soul_Man&amp;diff=6741865"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T14:05:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Soul Man.jpg|thumb|Soul Man Scene]]&lt;br /&gt;
Soul Man is a 1986 American comedy film directed by Steve Miner and written by Carol L. Black. The film got involved in controversy because it is portraying a white entertainer in blackface, provoking some people to protest against its release. The film was widely criticized for featuring a white actor wearing blackface. In spite of the movie is controversial and critics gave then negative reviews, Soul Man was successful, profiting $35 million on a $4.5 million budget. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Man_(film) Soul Man (film)]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
The film's hero is a UCLA graduate who poses as a black in order to qualify for a scholarship to Harvard Law School, and the movie follows him through his first semester, as he spars with a black professor, falls in love with a black woman and experiences racism. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Ebert Roger. [https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/soul-man-1986 Soul Man]. Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The plot concerns a young, white man who is accepted by Harvard Law School but can't come up with the sky-high tuition until he hits on the idea of pretending to be black. After turning his skin dark with an overdose of tanning pills, Mark Watson (C. Thomas Howell) applies for and gets a scholarship that should be open only to black students. &lt;br /&gt;
The filmmakers simply don't understand (or, at any rate, know how to dramatize) anything about being black, and that limits their ability to find the humor in the situation they've established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Boyar, Jay. [https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1986-10-25-0260350201-story.html 'Soul Man' Just Goes to Show Discrimination Isn't Funny]. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Comedy Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Story_Of_Ruby_Bridges&amp;diff=6737343</id>
		<title>The Story Of Ruby Bridges</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Story_Of_Ruby_Bridges&amp;diff=6737343"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T07:52:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Story of Ruby Bridges Cover Book.jpg|thumb|250px|The Story of Ruby Bridges Book Cover ]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Story of [[Ruby Bridges]] is a children's historical storybook, written by Robert Coles, the Pulitzer Prize winner, and illustrated by George Ford, the Scot King Awar illustrator. This book tells a story of a bold little girl, [[Ruby Bridges]], on her journey of school desegregation. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;Rubin, Allison. [https://childrenslitforum.wordpress.com/2018/02/07/book-review-of-the-story-of-ruby-bridges-by-robert-coles-reviewed-by-allison-rubin/ Book review of The Story of Ruby Bridges by Robert Coles]. The Children's Literature Forum. 7 February 2018. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book use 1960 as the year story background and tells a story about a six-year-old girl, [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]], and her family that just moved to New Orleans from Mississippi, looking to improve their life. During [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]]'s time attending William Frantz Elementary, an all-white school, that is ordered by a judge, parents refuse their children to go to school with her, and she has to face angry mobs full of that people. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://scholastic.asia/en/books/story-ruby-bridges The Story of Ruby Bridges]. Scholastic Asia. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Large mobs of people who don't agree with [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]] going to Frantz Elementary, gathered on [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]]’s first day. The mobs yelled at her, protesting with signs, and some tried to hurt her.  She was guided by federal marshals through the mobs and into the school. The mobs happened for a month. However, [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]] never got stop going to school. Despite the fact that she was the only student in the room, because all the white families didn't want to send their kid to the same school as black students, [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]]’s determination to learn never faltered. She walked into Franz Elementary and into the empty classrooms every day. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Trudeau, Ashley. [https://www.storyboardthat.com/lesson-plans/the-story-of-ruby-bridges-by-robert-coles The Story of Ruby Bridges by Robert Coles]. Story Board That. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The pictures in the book portray the racial segregation and loneliness that [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]] felt through the story. [[Ruby Bridges | Ruby]] is is appeared in the story being sharp looking with a bow in her hair and typically a smiling face. The pictures show with the text for readers to see the anger in the protesters as well as seeing that it is so unjustifiable for a little innocent girl as she walks past these crowds each day. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Rubin, Allison. [https://childrenslitforum.wordpress.com/2018/02/07/book-review-of-the-story-of-ruby-bridges-by-robert-coles-reviewed-by-allison-rubin/ Book review of The Story of Ruby Bridges by Robert Coles]. The Children's Literature Forum. 7 February 2018. Retrieved February 2 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ruby Bridges]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Stanley_Parable&amp;diff=6735779</id>
		<title>The Stanley Parable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Stanley_Parable&amp;diff=6735779"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T06:48:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Stanley.jpg|thumb|Racist Image shows in The Stanley Parable]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Stanley Parable was first available in 2011. Then, the developer Davey Wreden working together with modeler Will Pugh for creating a remastered version with new environments, which then released on Steam in 2013. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://nicollelamerichs.com/2019/08/10/game-theory-the-meaning-of-the-stanley-parable-the-museum-ending-and-the-female-narrator/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The gameplay involves guiding a silent protagonist named Stanley alongside narration by British actor Kevan Brighting. As the story goes on, the player is confronted with separate routes. The player may take a different route than the narrator's directions, which if the player disobeys it will then be incorporated into the story. Depending on the choices the players made, the player will face different endings before the game starts again to the beginning. The remake reproduced a significant number of the first mod's decisions while adding new zones and story pathways. Both the first mod and the redo have gotten critical praise from journalists. Critics praised the game's narrative and commentary on player choice and decision-making. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stanley_Parable#cite_note-kotaku-2 The Stanley Parable]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
There is a particular image during gameplay that appeared to show a young black child being immolated by a whiter-than-white businessman.&lt;br /&gt;
The image comes as part of a slideshow of sorts, highlighting the nature of choice in the most extreme way possible. On the top of the picture a man that is named  Steven, reads:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''&amp;quot;He could spend years helping improve the quality of life for citizens of impoverished third-world nations, or he could systematically set fire to every orphan living in a 30-kilometer radius of his house.&amp;quot;''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://whatculture.com/gaming/10-most-offensive-video-game-moments-of-the-decade-so-far?page=2 10 Most Offensive Video Game Moments Of The Decade (So Far)]. What Culture. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Video Games]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Roll_of_Thunder,_Hear_My_Cry&amp;diff=6735659</id>
		<title>Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Roll_of_Thunder,_Hear_My_Cry&amp;diff=6735659"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T06:40:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry.jpg|thumb|200px|Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry is a historical fiction book written by Mildred D. Taylor.  The novel won the 1977 Newbery Medal. The novel explores the struggles of African Americans in 1930s Southern Mississippi through the perspective of nine-year-old Cassie Logan. Taylor uses the novel to highlight several themes including Jim Crow segregation, Black landownership, sharecropping, the Great Depression, and lynching. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_of_Thunder,_Hear_My_Cry Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 25 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Set in Mississippi at the height of the Depression, this is the story of one family's struggle to maintain their integrity, pride, and independence in the face of racism and social injustice. And it is also Cassie's story—Cassie Logan, an independent girl who discovers over the course of an important year why having land of their own is so crucial to the Logan family, even as she figures out how to draw strength from her own feeling of poise and sense of pride. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Roll-Thunder-Hear-My-Cry/dp/0142401129 Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry]. Amazon. Retrieved January 25 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The story builds to a fiery climax and features violence motivated by racial prejudice. A family is undermined by a white neighbor and by fire; a crowd makes threats against people; three men are set on fire; children are beaten up by their teachers and parents; a teen boy is bullied by some older men, one man gets shot, and there are vague references to rape. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.commonsensemedia.org/book-reviews/roll-of-thunder-hear-my-cry?gate=1 Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry]. Common Sense Media. Retrieved January 25 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Rodney_King_(2017)&amp;diff=6735562</id>
		<title>Rodney King (2017)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Rodney_King_(2017)&amp;diff=6735562"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T06:34:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Rodney King.jpg|thumb|250px|Rodney King (2017)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rodney King (2017) is a one-man stage show about the life and times of Rodney King by the actor and writer Roger Guenveur Smith. Smith shares the story using breath-taking poetry that inhabits King and the shocks with a sympathetic chorus. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Smith talks about King's life, including his two-year life in jail and his experience after beating as someone who never wants to be famous for it. Some of the time, Smith talks as the narrator, but some other time he will start play as King, or other characters. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Seitz, Matt Zoller. [https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rodney-king-2017 Rodney King]. Roger Ebert. 29 April 2017. Retrieved January 15 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Racial bias and discrimination ==&lt;br /&gt;
The show is a preacher’s howl of anger and frustration at the personal and political forces which crushed King – racism, alcoholism, depression, crime, poverty, alienation and his own poignant unpreparedness for a media maelstrom – just as his dismissal from some after his all around expected request for everybody to &amp;quot;get along&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Smith's explaining the Racism and Police Brutality that Rodney King went through, on those days and their aftermath. With its stunning pleasantry and thickly layered bounty of history and life story, Rodney King is an encounter however cerebral as it seems to be instinctive. Smith’s powerfully crafted performance does nothing less than restore the humanity to a man who has, over a quarter-century, been reduced to a talking point and a symbol. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Linden, Sheri [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/rodney-king-998623#:~:text=With%20its%20dazzling%20wordplay%20and,talking%20point%20and%20a%20symbol. ‘Rodney King’: TV Review]. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 15 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Smith offers a sharp knowledge when he says that Rodney King was history's first unscripted television star. His big-name originated before the cell phone and online media age, and he circulated around the web before such a term existed. In any case, the show implicitly underscores a bigger truth: individuals acknowledged it was the &amp;quot;unplanned&amp;quot; recording of the episode that was uncommon, not simply the beating. Such a lawfully deniable thing was going on constantly – it simply hadn't been shot previously. And afterward, King turned into a more ordinary kind of unscripted television star: an untrustworthy, powerless, dazed soul, consuming the payout he got from the common suit and taking money for showing up on shows that solitary broadened his forlorn experience. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/27/rodney-king-review-spike-lee-netflix-la-riots Rodney King review – Spike Lee's Netflix special is a bleakly poetic howl of rage]. The Guardian. Retrieved January 15 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Documentary Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Rat_Film&amp;diff=6735399</id>
		<title>Rat Film</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Rat_Film&amp;diff=6735399"/>
		<updated>2021-03-07T06:22:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Rat Film.jpg|thumb|Rat Film Movie Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Rat Film is directed by Theo Anthony, is a documentary utilizing strategies of essay and collage, published in 2016. Rat infestation in Baltimore is a starting point in this documentary to investigate issues regarding segregation, redlining, poverty, and the allocation of resources in American urban areas. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Film Rat Film]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Synopsis ==&lt;br /&gt;
Across walls, fences, and alleys, rats not only expose our boundaries of separation but make homes in them. This documentary film uses rat, as well as humans that adore them, live in the same place as them, and also kill them, to go through the history of Baltimore. &amp;quot;There's never been a rat problem in Baltimore, it's always been a people problem&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://memory.is/rat-film Rat Film]. Memory. Retrieved January 19 2021. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The film director, Anthony, looks into a 1911 Baltimore law mandating the segregation of its neighborhoods. In 1917, that law was overturned and replaced by the private enforcement of segregation, by means of restrictive covenants in title deeds. Anthony traces the development of the city’s segregated neighborhoods—and the unwholesome conditions in which the city’s black residents were forced to live. He connects the city’s efforts at rat eradication to the government’s fear, during the Second World War, that Germany would use the bubonic plague as a biological weapon. (The extermination effort involved experimentation with untested substances in black neighborhoods.) Yet, after the war ended, efforts at pest control waned. Working with a demographer, Anthony discovers a close correlation between the prevalence of a wide range of present-day afflictions and the predominantly black neighborhoods established a century ago—including, of course, the unrelieved prevalence of rats.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brody, Richard [https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/three-genre-expanding-documentaries-about-racist-crimes-of-the-past Three Genre-Expanding Documentaries About Racist Crimes of the Past]. The New Yorker. 8 March 2017. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Rat Film’s attempt to expose systemic racism through Baltimore’s overwhelming infiltration of rampaging pests, it is too often distracted with experimentation. Horrifying history lessons surrounding segregation ordinances, clandestine scientific experiments on the black population, and the racist redlining of city blocks will spark a healthy, and much-needed dose of rage. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gulllickson, Brad. [https://nonfics.com/rat-film-review-bf6afbebb019/ ‘Rat Film’ Nibbles at the Systemic Racism Plaguing Baltimore]. Nonfics. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Baltimore was the first city in early 20th century America to pass a residential segregation law — later scrapped by the Supreme Court — restricting blacks and whites to certain parts of the city. “Ain’t never been a rat problem in Baltimore; it’s always been a people problem,” says one of his subjects, a wise and wizened rat exterminator who notes that the critters thrive in poor housing areas. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.arabnews.com/node/1177551/offbeat ‘Rat Film’ highlights Baltimore’s rodents, racism]. Arabnews. 14 October 2017. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The filmmaker highlights the historical city government practice of denying home and business loans to people living in majority-black neighborhoods. The same language to talk about the &amp;quot;infiltration&amp;quot; of black populaces was used the way when city officials talk about rats as they talk about it now.  To underline his point, Anthony lays statistical maps of present-day Baltimore's unemployment and mortality rates over a racial segregation map from 80 years ago, showing how accurately they dovetail.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.france24.com/en/20171014-rat-film-highlights-baltimores-rodents-racism 'Rat Film' highlights Baltimore's rodents, racism]. France24. 14 October 2017. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Documentary Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Stella_by_Starlight&amp;diff=6680291</id>
		<title>Stella by Starlight</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Stella_by_Starlight&amp;diff=6680291"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T15:27:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Stella by Starlight.jpg|thumb|250px|Stella by Starlight Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stella by Starlight written by Sharon M. Draper is a historical fiction novel. School Library Journal reviews this book as presents “storytelling at its finest” in this New York Times bestselling Depression-era novel about a young girl who should figure out how to be courageous even in the face of violent prejudice when the Ku Klux Klan returns in her segregated southern town. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Stella-by-Starlight/Sharon-M-Draper/9781442494985#:~:text=About%20The%20Author&amp;amp;text=Edwards%20Award%20honoring%20her%20significant,Award%20for%20Stella%20by%20Starlight. Stella by Starlight]. Simon &amp;amp; Schuster. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sharon is also known as the author of many books for teens, including the New York Times bestsellers Copper Sun, the 2007 Coretta Scott King Award winner, and We Beat the Street. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/authors/sharon-m--draper/ Sharon M. Draper]. Scholastic. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Stella lives in the segregated South—in Bumblebee, North Carolina where she can go to some stores and can't to some other stores. Some people are pleasant and some others not. In one late evening, when she should have been sleeping and not wandering around outside, Stella and her little brother see something they're never expected to see, something that is the main flash of change to come, unwanted change in any way shape, or form. As Stella’s community—her world—is overturned, she chooses to fight fire with fire. Furthermore, she learns that ashes don’t necessarily mean an end. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Stella-Starlight-Sharon-M-Draper/dp/1442494980/ref=zg_bs_3135_49?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;psc=1&amp;amp;refRID=8CZR0QWSSCN44KNM81X0  Stella by Starlight]. Amazon. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book with 1932 as a background and segregation is the law of the land in little Bumblebee, N.C., where the separation between the black and white communities is fundamental. Stella's school is once-over, the books outdated, while the &amp;quot;white&amp;quot; school flaunts solid scholastics and athletic facilities that Stella and her friends jealous about. The one real industry in town, a wood factor, employs not very many black men, and those who do work there get the lowest-paying jobs in the factory. The black population of Bumblebee endures everyday outrages, embarrassments, and once in a while viciousness. As far as Stella knows, this is exactly how things are &amp;quot;Every Negro family in Bumblebee knew the unwritten rules — they had to take care of their own problems and take care of one another. Help from the white community was neither expected nor considered. It was as it had always been.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
Another thing that shows the segregation in the book is where there is only one black doctor, who is the father of Stella’s friend, Tony Hawkins. And for the white physician, Dr. Packard, he only treats white people. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.pluggedin.com/book-reviews/stella-by-starlight/ Stella by Starlight]. Pluggedin. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Black Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
This book not just showing the racism and discrimination that the black community experienced. However, it additionally shows that there are individuals who think segregation isn't required and care about the prosperity of the local area. It shows when the Klan torches a neighboring house and Stella is amazed by the number of white people who come to the help of the large and now homeless family. When Stella and her white friend going to their own school, her friend tells her, &amp;quot;I don't get why we gotta go to different schools anyway. Seems kinda stupid to me.&amp;quot; Nont only that, the story also shows where Stella saves the life of a white girl her own age, the daughter of the evil Dr. Packard, who has fallen into the lake  in a not-very-convincing try to be noticed by her father.&lt;br /&gt;
This book also shows that even while confronting challenges, the community could remain together and battle treacheries. For example, when the information that the Ku Klux Klan is active in their community, Stella, her family, and other members of their community gather as one to remain steadfast against against the injustices of racism. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781442494978 Stella By Starlight]. Indie Bound. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Fiction Novels|Anti-Black Racism in Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Steven_Universe&amp;diff=6678832</id>
		<title>Steven Universe</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Steven_Universe&amp;diff=6678832"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T15:05:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Steven Universe.jpg|thumb|Steven Universe PSA Scene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Steven Universe is an American cartoon series created by Rebecca Sugar for Cartoon Network. It is Cartoon Network's first animated series to be created solely by a woman.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Universe Steven Universe]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Synopsis ==&lt;br /&gt;
Steven Universe is set in the fictional town of Beach City, Delmarva, where the Crystal Gems live in an antiquated beachside sanctuary and shield humankind from beasts and different dangers. The Gems are ageless alien warriors who project female humanoid structures from mysterious gemstones at the center of their being. The Crystal Gems involve Garnet, Amethyst, Pearl and Steven—a young, half-human, half-Gem boy who acquired his gemstone from his mom, the Crystal Gems' previous chief Rose Quartz. As Steven attempts to comprehend his step by step extending scope of forces, he goes through his days with his dad Greg, his closest companion Connie, his mystical pet lion, other residents of Beach City, and the Gems. He explores the abilities inherited from his mother, which include fusion—the ability of Gems to merge their bodies and abilities to form new, more powerful personalities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Universe Steven Universe]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Black Empowerment ==&lt;br /&gt;
This PSA is the second of a four-section ongoing series of anti-racism content including &amp;quot;Steven Universe&amp;quot; characters, carrying out every other month. With don't deny it, defy it played in [[OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes]] &lt;br /&gt;
In a new public service announcement that started running on the network beginning Dec. 3, a classroom of students was asked by the character, &amp;quot;who invented the lightbulb?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Thomas Edison,&amp;quot; the students respond. The answer is not entirely true. The character uncovers that the invention could be more rightly attributed to Lewis Howard Latimer, the Black inventor liable for making the fiber inside the bulb.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We're not going to mention why he invented the filament? To create a better standard of living for people who had just been freed from slavery?&amp;quot; she says. &amp;quot;Are we going to ask about why kids are learning about Thomas Edison and not learning about Lewis Latimer?&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
Pearl — who is a &amp;quot;Gem,&amp;quot;  basically implying that she is an outsider being that exists as a mystical gemstone projecting into a holographic body — flips through a course reading in dismay. Where are the Black Roman fighters? Dark old-style artists? The Black cowhands? The Black military pilots? These individuals all existed ever, however are mysteriously absent in the book's pages.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Towers, Andrea. [https://www.thewrap.com/cartoon-network-viral-anti-racism-psa-steven-universe/ Cartoon Network Doesn’t Hold Back in Scathing Anti-Racism PSA]. The Wrap. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Cartoons]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Teach_Us_All&amp;diff=6678329</id>
		<title>Teach Us All</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Teach_Us_All&amp;diff=6678329"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T14:54:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Teach Us All is a documentary and social equity crusade on educational inequality set against the setting of the 1957 Little Rock school crisis. Sixty years after the Little Rock Nine confronted brutal obstruction while integrating Central High in Arkansas, America's schools keep on addressing the important landmark of the Civil Rights Movement. Teach Us All demonstrates exhibits amazing exercises from history inside an opportune setting, accentuating the requirement for solidarity and aggregate activity to correct the differences among America's kids. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Teach Us All&amp;quot; explores hyper-segregated schools around the country where at least 75% of students are of the same race.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Teach us all.jpg|Cover of Teach Us All documentary movie|thumb|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the watershed Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, in September 1957, a group of African-American understudies known as the Little Rock Nine valiantly endeavored to oppose the thought that skin tone ought to decide instructive access by incorporating an all-white southern high school. Almost 60 years after the “Little Rock Crisis,” inequality in access to quality education stay among the most urgent civil rights issues of our time. With its school locale hanging in the balance following a state takeover in January 2015, contemporary Little Rock presents a microcosm of the inequities and difficulties showing in study halls the whole way across America, which is seeing a re-isolation of its schools. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Messages==&lt;br /&gt;
The film is is coordinated in three collaborative subjects: the teacher’s part in impacting young people’s lives, the requirement for local area commitment for school achievement, and the force of the understudies who will be charged with the fight for their right to education equity.  Through contextual analyses in Little Rock, New York City, and Los Angeles, Teach Us All tries to offer the basic exercises of history as a powerful influence for the present status of US education and investigate: after 60 years, how far have US instruction come – or not come – and what would be an ideal next step? &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/teach-us-all Teach Us All]. National Civil Rights Museum. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
While the tragic message of the documentary is that, especially over the most recent 30 years, segregation in American schools has gotten much worse -- with a lot of dampening measurements to back it up - the narrative likewise investigates the positive good examples before (like the Little Rock Nine) and in the current who are attempting to achieve enduring change and variety in the classroom. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Costello,Brian.[https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/teach-us-all Teach Us All]. Common Sense Media. REtrieved January 13 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Documentary Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6674555</id>
		<title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6674555"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T08:21:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:To Kill A Mockingbird - Harper Lee.jpg|thumb|200p|To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee published is a novel in 1960. In spite of managing the major issues of assault and racial imbalance, the novel is prestigious for its glow and humor. Atticus Finch has filled in as an ethical legend for some readers and as a model of honesty for attorneys.  The history experts Joseph Crespino clarifies, &amp;quot;In the 20th century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird#Southern_life_and_racial_injustice To Kill a Mockingbird]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird tells a story in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression. The main character in this book is is Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, a smart however the capricious six to nine years old girl. She is raised with her sibling, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), by a single parent man, their father Atticus Finch. He is a prominent lawyer who urges his kids to be compassionate and just. He prominently discloses to them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird,” insinuating the way that the birds are blameless and innocuous.&lt;br /&gt;
At the point when Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black citizens, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him in spite of the threats that Atticus got from the (white) people. At a certain point, he faces a crowd trying to lynch his client but he refuses to abandon him. Scout accidentally diffuses the situation. Even though Atticus gives a more convincing interpretation of evidence that the victim was assaulted by her father instead of his client, Tom, TOm is still convicted and then later killed while trying to escape imprisonment. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds.” &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Foca, Anna. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird]. Britannica. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
The book is generally taught in schools in the United States with exercises that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;
Many residents of Maycomb are racists and during the novel, Atticus is asked to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who is falsely accused of raping a white woman. Atticus keeps working on the case even though everyone knows he has little possibility to win. The author shares the story of the trial develop through the childlike eyes of Scout, as step by step both she and her brother learn some valuable life lessons from their father about tolerance, empathy, and understanding. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8jyxsg/revision/1#:~:text=1%20of%206-,To%20Kill%20a%20Mockingbird%20%2D%20Plot%20summary,%2Dyear%2Dold%20brother%20Jem. To Kill a Mockingbird - Plot summary]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Harper Lee’s center focus is purely has a white point of view. Given that her narrator is a child growing up in the 1930s segregated South, maybe that’s inescapable. PeMaybe nothing else would be conceivable. Yet, one of the book's focal subjects is that you need to stroll around in another person's skin to understand them and Harper Lee doesn't really get under the skin of any of the dark characters.&lt;br /&gt;
The closest story about Black residents is only Calpurnia, the family’s cook, but the novel never shares what she’s thinking or feeling. She gets to shares her opinion once where an event so startling that Scout remarks on it. In this book, Calpurnia is in the fictional tradition of the “happy black”, the happy slave. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2015/oct/20/is-to-kill-a-mockingbird-a-racist-book-tanya-landman Is To Kill a Mockingbird a racist book?]. The Guardian. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Stone_Thrower&amp;diff=6674537</id>
		<title>The Stone Thrower</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Stone_Thrower&amp;diff=6674537"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T08:12:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Stone Thrower .jpg|200px|The Stone Thrower Cover Book|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Stone Thrower is a children's book story,  about an African-American football player, Chuck Ealey which was published in September 2012. This inspiring story is written by Chuck Ealey's daughter, Jael Richardson, this book has striking and powerful illustrations by award-winning illustrator Matt James. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Stone-Thrower-Jael-Ealey-Richardson/dp/1554987520 The Stone Thrower]. Amazon. Retrieved January 25 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Born in a segregated town in Ohio in 1950, Chuck Ealey, African-American, grew up to be a great football quarterback in Canada. He has his childhood with poverty and hunger, but Chuck found a distraction, throwing rocks at passing cargo trains. His aim at throwing the rocks became so good that the school coach named him quarterback, a position that makes his white opponents jealous, &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jael-ealey-richardson/the-stone-thrower/ The Stone Thrower]. Kirkus. Retrieved January 25 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Against all odds, he became an incredible quarterback. But despite his undefeated record in high school and university, he could never play professional football in the United States. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
Chuck Ealey grew up poor in a racially isolated local area that was separated from the remainder of town by a bunch of train tracks, yet his mom guaranteed him that he wouldn't remain in Portsmouth forever. Getting educated was the way out, and a football scholarship was the way to pay for that education. So despite the racist insults he faced at all the games he played in high school, Chuck kept having his remarkable level of dedication and determination andd when discrimination tail him around to university and beyond, Chuck Ealey stayed undefeated. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-stone-thrower-1.4005410 The Stone Thrower]. CBC. Retrieved January 25 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This book is thought to be a wonderful tool for starting a conversation with young children about racial prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Stanley_Parable&amp;diff=6674514</id>
		<title>The Stanley Parable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Stanley_Parable&amp;diff=6674514"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T07:51:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Stanley.jpg|thumb|Racist Image shows in The Stanley Parable]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Stanley Parable was first available in 2011. Then, the developer Davey Wreden working together with modeler Will Pugh for creating a remastered version with new environments, which then released on Steam in 2013. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://nicollelamerichs.com/2019/08/10/game-theory-the-meaning-of-the-stanley-parable-the-museum-ending-and-the-female-narrator/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The gameplay involves guiding a silent protagonist named Stanley alongside narration by British actor Kevan Brighting. As the story goes on, the player is confronted with separate routes. The player may take a different route than the narrator's directions, which if the player disobeys it will then be incorporated into the story. Depending on the choices the players made, the player will face different endings before the game starts again to the beginning. The remake recreated many of the original mod's choices while adding new areas and story pathways. Both the original mod and the remake have received critical praise from journalists. Critics praised the game's narrative and commentary on player choice and decision-making. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stanley_Parable#cite_note-kotaku-2 The Stanley Parable]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
There is a particular image during gameplay that appeared to show a young black child being immolated by a whiter-than-white businessman.&lt;br /&gt;
The image comes as part of a slideshow of sorts, highlighting the nature of choice in the most extreme way possible. Over the top of the image, naming the man Steven, it reads:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''&amp;quot;He could spend years helping improve the quality of life for citizens of impoverished third-world nations, or he could systematically set fire to every orphan living in a 30-kilometer radius of his house.&amp;quot;''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://whatculture.com/gaming/10-most-offensive-video-game-moments-of-the-decade-so-far?page=2 10 Most Offensive Video Game Moments Of The Decade (So Far)]. What Culture. Retrieved January 17 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Video Games]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Hate_U_Give&amp;diff=6674503</id>
		<title>The Hate U Give</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Hate_U_Give&amp;diff=6674503"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T07:42:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Hate U Give.jpg|thumb|200px|The Hate U Give Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Hate U Give is Angie Thomas’s first novel about a teenage girl who struggles to deal with racism, police brutality, and activism after seeing her black friend killed by the police,  extended from a short story she wrote in school in response to the police shooting of Oscar Grant. TThe book turned into an immediate young adult bestseller and was adapted into [https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Hate_U_Give_(2018) The Hate U Give Movie] shortly after its release. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give The Hate U Give]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sixteen-year-old Starr Carter moves between two worlds: the poor neighborhood where she lives and the fancy suburban prep school she attends. The uncomfortable harmony between these worlds is broken when Starr observes the deadly shooting of her childhood best friend, Khalil who was unarmed, at the hands of a police officer.&lt;br /&gt;
Soon afterward, his death is a national headline. Some are considering him a thug, maybe even a drug dealer and a gangbanger. Protesters are rioting in Khalil's name. Some police and the local drug lord attempt to threaten Starr and her family. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bookbrowse.com/bb_briefs/detail/index.cfm/ezine_preview_number/12092/the-hate-u-give The Hate U Give Book Summary]. Book Browse. Retrieved January 28 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Starr Carter, an African-American girl who witnesses her friend killed with a gun by a policeman during a traffic stop, gets actively educated bt her parents about racism. Her parents are giving advice about how to deal with themselves while communicating with white people and tutoring them throughout the entire existence of activism that has tried to bring issues to light about the outcomes of racism for all Americans. The author of The Hate U Give has delivered a powerful story that strikes the heart of contemporary race relations in the United States. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Alexander, Jonathan. [https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/stories-in-the-aftermath-the-hate-u-give/ Other People’s Children, Part 2: Stories in the Aftermath, or “The Hate U Give”]. Los Angeles Review of Books. 8 December 2017. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_First_Step:_How_One_Girl_Put_Segregation_on_Trial&amp;diff=6673904</id>
		<title>The First Step: How One Girl Put Segregation on Trial</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_First_Step:_How_One_Girl_Put_Segregation_on_Trial&amp;diff=6673904"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T07:33:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The First Step.jpg|thumb|250px|The First Step Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
The First Step: How One Girl Put Segregation on Trial written by Susan E. Goodman published in 2016 and illustrated by E.B. Lewis is a children's book story. This book won Literary AwardsJane Addams Children's Book Award for Younger Children Honor (2017) and NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book (2017). &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/25664556-the-first-step The First Step: How One Girl Put Segregation on Trial]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1847, four-year-old Sarah Roberts started going to her local school, the Otis School, “one of Boston’s best.” Her parents’  peaceful disobedience of the laws that kept black and white children apart was soon noticed and Sarah was escorted home by a policeman. Recalling his own childhood journey across town to the Smith School for African American children, “a school that only owned one book,” Sarah’s father, Benjamin Roberts engaged the second African American lawyer in the United States, Robert Morris, to take the battle to the courtroom. Morris was joined by anti-slavery advocate Charles Sumner in a packed courtroom to plead Sarah’s case and, by extension, for the rights of “every other African American child in Boston.” The case was lost, but, together, Sarah, her family, this African American and white lawyer team, and the community of Boston had taken “the first step” toward change. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;Dawes, Erika Thulin. [https://www.theclassroombookshelf.com/2016/02/the-first-step-how-one-girl-put-segregation-on-trial/ The First Step: How One Girl Put Segregation on Trial]. The Classroom Bookshelf. 29 February 2016. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book is telling the history of the first lawsuit in America to request integration--well before the American Civil Rights movement, even before the Civil War. It begins where Sarah's parents did not give up to give their kids the best school, they believed that Sarah deserves an equal education, and the Roberts family fought for the changes. They create a history of Roberts v. City of Boston as the first case challenging America's legal system to outlaw segregated schools. This case was the first time where an African American lawyer presented in a supreme court.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-first-step-9780802737397/ The First Step: How One Girl Put Segregation on Trial]. Bloomsbury. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It was also the first time an African-American lawyer and a white lawyer collaborated to fight for justice. Despite the fact that her legal dispute was not successful, Sarah's initial steps paved the way for the changes that ultimately led to triumph in Little Rock, Arkansas in the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education case over a century later. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://books.google.co.id/books/about/The_First_Step.html?id=j-w_CwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;source=kp_book_description&amp;amp;redir_esc=y The First Step: How One Girl Put Segregation on Trial]. Google Books. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book shares the historical background of school segregation, a young African American girl couldn't go to a decent school just since she is black and the school is only for white people. Also, eventually, Roberts v. City of Boston was not successful on the grounds that The Massachusetts Supreme Court, at last, decided that nearby chosen authorities had the power to control neighborhood schools and that different schools didn't disregard black students' rights. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/2-battleground/pursuit-equality-1.html#:~:text=Roberts%20v.,City%20of%20Boston&amp;amp;text=The%20Massachusetts%20Supreme%20Court%20ultimately,not%20violate%20black%20students'%20rights. In Pursuit of Equality]. Smithsonian National Museum of American History Behring Center. Retrieved January 29 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Condemnation_of_Blackness:_Race,_Crime,_and_the_Making_of_Modern_Urban_America&amp;diff=6673544</id>
		<title>The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Condemnation_of_Blackness:_Race,_Crime,_and_the_Making_of_Modern_Urban_America&amp;diff=6673544"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T07:20:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Condemnation of Blackness.jpg|thumb|200px|The Condemnation of Blackness Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America by Khalil Gibran Muhammad published in 22 July 2019 is a historical-sociological book. Khalil Gibran Muhammad is a Professor of History, Race, and Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and Suzanne Young Murray Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674238145&amp;amp;content=bios The Condemnation of Blackness]. Harvard University Press. Retrieved January 28 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America subtleties the historical backdrop of how wrongdoing information became proof of racial inadequacy that aided shape criminal equity strategy and American thought for more than a hundred years. This book portrays the creation following slavery of a racist ideology that framed African Americans as dangerous and likely criminals; that outlook energized laws, strategies, and forceful police rehearses that dehumanize, condemn, imprison, and now and then lead to the slaughtering of lopsided quantities of African Americans.&lt;br /&gt;
While urban elites saw wrongdoing carried out by European workers as a call for a palliative social cure, wrongdoing by dark transients from the American South was viewed as racially endemic and in this manner was to be managed correctively. Condemnation of Blackness isfundamental perusing to see how thoughts of dark hazardousness and criminality are legacies of slavery, racism, and discrimination. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.cato.org/events/the-condemnation-of-blackness The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America]. Cato Institute. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Following the 1890 census, the first to measure the generation of African Americans born after slavery, crime statistics, new migration, and immigration trends, and symbolic references to America as the guaranteed place that is known for fresh chances to succeed were woven into a useful example about the exceptional danger black people presented to current urban society. Excessive arrest rates and overrepresentation in northern prisons were seen by many whites--liberals and conservatives, northerners and southerners--as undeniable confirmation of blacks' inferiority.&lt;br /&gt;
The idea of black criminality was significant to the making of modern urban America, as were African Americans' own thoughts regarding race and wrongdoing. Chronicling the emergence of deeply embedded notions of black people as a dangerous race of criminals by explicit contrast to working-class whites and European immigrants, this entrancing book uncovers the impact such thoughts have had on metropolitan turn of events and social arrangements. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7093931-the-condemnation-of-blackness The Condemnation of Blackness]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 27 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Non-fiction Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Best_of_Enemies&amp;diff=6673540</id>
		<title>The Best of Enemies</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Best_of_Enemies&amp;diff=6673540"/>
		<updated>2021-03-05T07:13:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:The Best of Enemies.jpg|thumb|The Best of Enemies Movie Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Best of Enemies is a movie adaptation from The Best of Enemies: Race and Redemption in the New South by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osha_Gray_Davidson Osha Gray Davidson] and published in 2019. This movie is directed and written by Robin Bissell, starring Taraji P. Henson, Sam Rockwell, Babou Ceesay, Anne Heche, Wes Bentley, Bruce McGill, John Gallagher Jr., and Nick Searcy. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_Enemies_(2019_film) The Best of Enemies]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
The genuine story of the impossible connection between Ann Atwater, a blunt civil rights activist, and C.P. Ellis, a local Ku Klux Klan leader. During the racially charged summer of 1971, Atwater and Ellis meet up to co-chair a community summit on the desegregation of schools in Durham, N.C.  The following discussion and fight before long lead to amazing disclosures that change both of their lives for eternity.&amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_best_of_enemies_2019 The Best of Enemies]. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Best of Enemies 2.jpg|thumb|left|The Best of Enemies Movie Scene]]&lt;br /&gt;
C.P. Ellis, a local Ku Klux Klan leader who hesitantly co-led a local area summit over the desegregation of schools in Durham, North Carolina during a racially-charged summer in 1971, shown discrimination towards black people many times in the movies. In the movie, he is shown to lead his Klan Subordinates in shooting up a house of a white woman, when the woman is still in the house because he finds out that she's dating a &amp;quot;nigger.&amp;quot; The Ku Klux Klan Leader won't sit with black people, there is a scene that shows that he tries to avoid occupying any space close to Atwater by sulking about the room, he also stares at everything but her, while Atwater's frowned face follows all his steps. As the owner of a gas station, he won’t give any service to black people. Also, he doesn’t hesitate to call them “niggers” (or the more cartoonish “nigras”) while they are there.  What's more, he absolutely will not approve of having his kids go to the same schools as the black kids. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Obenson, Tambay. [https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/the-best-of-enemies-taraji-p-henson-sam-rockwell-racism-1202056673/ 'The Best of Enemies’ Is Latest Proof Hollywood Needs a Better Approach to Stories About the Civil Rights Era]. IndieWire. 10 April 2019. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
This movie shows that C.P. has grown up seeing black people as The Other. As he invests increasingly more energy in a room, chatting with them on equivalent balance, his obliviousness begins to fall away, regardless of his earnest attempts to hold it set up. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gleiberman, Owen. [https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/the-best-of-enemies-review-taraji-p-henson-sam-rockwell-1203179322/ Film Review: ‘The Best of Enemies'] Variety. 4 April 2019. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
During the democratic scene, all the issues pass, coming down to the last issue of desegregation. One by one, the voters' vote. Ann votes for it, and C.P., surprisingly, does the same, understanding the KKK is contemptuous. Also, he gives a speech and tears up his KKK membership card, much to the wrath of his watching KKK friends. They threaten him and attempt to set the gas station that he owns on fire but C.P. puts it out. Because of that, the white community won't buy his gas anymore and his gas station is going out of business. Then, Ann and Bill visit him with smiles and bring the black community to buy from him. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_Enemies_(2019_film)#Critical_response The Best of Enemies]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti Black Racismn in Drama Movies|Black Racism in Drama Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6662017</id>
		<title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6662017"/>
		<updated>2021-03-04T15:00:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:To Kill A Mockingbird - Harper Lee.jpg|thumb|200p|To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee published is a novel in 1960. In spite of managing the major issues of assault and racial imbalance, the novel is prestigious for its glow and humor. Atticus Finch has filled in as an ethical legend for some readers and as a model of honesty for attorneys.  The history specialist Joseph Crespino clarifies, &amp;quot;In the 20th century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird#Southern_life_and_racial_injustice To Kill a Mockingbird]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird tells a story in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression. The protagonist is Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an intelligent though the unconventional girl who ages from six to nine years old throughout the novel. the is raised with her sibling, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), by a single parent man, their father Atticus Finch. He is a prominent lawyer who urges his kids to be compassionate and just. He prominently discloses to them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird,” insinuating the way that the birds are blameless and innocuous.&lt;br /&gt;
At the point when Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black citizens, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him in spite of the threats that Atticus got from the (white) people. At a certain point, he faces a crowd trying to lynch his client but he refuses to abandon him. Scout accidentally diffuses the situation. Even though Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was assaulted by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted, and he is later killed while trying to escape custody. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds.” &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Foca, Anna. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird]. Britannica. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
The book is generally taught in schools in the United States with exercises that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;
Many residents of Maycomb are racists and during the novel, Atticus is asked to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who is falsely accused of raping a white woman. Atticus takes on the case even though everyone knows he has little hope of winning. The reader sees the trial develop through the childlike eyes of Scout, as gradually both she and her brother learn some valuable life lessons from their father about tolerance, empathy, and understanding. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8jyxsg/revision/1#:~:text=1%20of%206-,To%20Kill%20a%20Mockingbird%20%2D%20Plot%20summary,%2Dyear%2Dold%20brother%20Jem. To Kill a Mockingbird - Plot summary]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Harper Lee’s center focus is purely has a white point of view. Given that her narrator is a child growing up in the 1930s segregated South, maybe that’s inescapable. PeMaybe nothing else would be conceivable. Yet, one of the book's focal subjects is that you need to stroll around in another person's skin to understand them and Harper Lee doesn't really get under the skin of any of the dark characters.&lt;br /&gt;
The closest story about Black residents is only Calpurnia, the family’s cook, but the novel never shares what she’s thinking or feeling. She gets to shares her opinion once where an event so startling that Scout remarks on it. In this book, Calpurnia is in the fictional tradition of the “happy black”, the happy slave. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2015/oct/20/is-to-kill-a-mockingbird-a-racist-book-tanya-landman Is To Kill a Mockingbird a racist book?]. The Guardian. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6662008</id>
		<title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6662008"/>
		<updated>2021-03-04T15:00:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:To Kill A Mockingbird - Harper Lee.jpg|thumb|200p|To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. In spite of managing the major issues of assault and racial imbalance, the novel is prestigious for its glow and humor. Atticus Finch has filled in as an ethical legend for some readers and as a model of honesty for attorneys.  The history specialist Joseph Crespino clarifies, &amp;quot;In the 20th century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird#Southern_life_and_racial_injustice To Kill a Mockingbird]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird tells a story in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression. The protagonist is Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an intelligent though the unconventional girl who ages from six to nine years old throughout the novel. the is raised with her sibling, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), by a single parent man, their father Atticus Finch. He is a prominent lawyer who urges his kids to be compassionate and just. He prominently discloses to them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird,” insinuating the way that the birds are blameless and innocuous.&lt;br /&gt;
At the point when Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black citizens, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him in spite of the threats that Atticus got from the (white) people. At a certain point, he faces a crowd trying to lynch his client but he refuses to abandon him. Scout accidentally diffuses the situation. Even though Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was assaulted by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted, and he is later killed while trying to escape custody. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds.” &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Foca, Anna. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird]. Britannica. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
The book is generally taught in schools in the United States with exercises that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;
Many residents of Maycomb are racists and during the novel, Atticus is asked to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who is falsely accused of raping a white woman. Atticus takes on the case even though everyone knows he has little hope of winning. The reader sees the trial develop through the childlike eyes of Scout, as gradually both she and her brother learn some valuable life lessons from their father about tolerance, empathy, and understanding. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8jyxsg/revision/1#:~:text=1%20of%206-,To%20Kill%20a%20Mockingbird%20%2D%20Plot%20summary,%2Dyear%2Dold%20brother%20Jem. To Kill a Mockingbird - Plot summary]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Harper Lee’s center focus is purely has a white point of view. Given that her narrator is a child growing up in the 1930s segregated South, maybe that’s inescapable. PeMaybe nothing else would be conceivable. Yet, one of the book's focal subjects is that you need to stroll around in another person's skin to understand them and Harper Lee doesn't really get under the skin of any of the dark characters.&lt;br /&gt;
The closest story about Black residents is only Calpurnia, the family’s cook, but the novel never shares what she’s thinking or feeling. She gets to shares her opinion once where an event so startling that Scout remarks on it. In this book, Calpurnia is in the fictional tradition of the “happy black”, the happy slave. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2015/oct/20/is-to-kill-a-mockingbird-a-racist-book-tanya-landman Is To Kill a Mockingbird a racist book?]. The Guardian. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6661976</id>
		<title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=To_Kill_a_Mockingbird&amp;diff=6661976"/>
		<updated>2021-03-04T14:58:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:To Kill A Mockingbird - Harper Lee.jpg|thumb|200p|To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In spite of managing the major issues of assault and racial imbalance, the novel is prestigious for its glow and humor. Atticus Finch has filled in as an ethical legend for some readers and as a model of honesty for attorneys.  The history specialist Joseph Crespino clarifies, &amp;quot;In the 20th century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird#Southern_life_and_racial_injustice To Kill a Mockingbird]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
To Kill a Mockingbird tells a story in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression. The protagonist is Jean Louise (“Scout”) Finch, an intelligent though the unconventional girl who ages from six to nine years old throughout the novel. the is raised with her sibling, Jeremy Atticus (“Jem”), by a single parent man, their father Atticus Finch. He is a prominent lawyer who urges his kids to be compassionate and just. He prominently discloses to them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird,” insinuating the way that the birds are blameless and innocuous.&lt;br /&gt;
At the point when Tom Robinson, one of the town’s Black citizens, is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him in spite of the threats that Atticus got from the (white) people. At a certain point, he faces a crowd trying to lynch his client but he refuses to abandon him. Scout accidentally diffuses the situation. Even though Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—that Mayella was assaulted by her father, Bob Ewell—Tom is convicted, and he is later killed while trying to escape custody. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds.” &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Foca, Anna. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/To-Kill-a-Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird]. Britannica. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pros ==&lt;br /&gt;
The book is generally taught in schools in the United States with exercises that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;
Many residents of Maycomb are racists and during the novel, Atticus is asked to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who is falsely accused of raping a white woman. Atticus takes on the case even though everyone knows he has little hope of winning. The reader sees the trial develop through the childlike eyes of Scout, as gradually both she and her brother learn some valuable life lessons from their father about tolerance, empathy, and understanding. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8jyxsg/revision/1#:~:text=1%20of%206-,To%20Kill%20a%20Mockingbird%20%2D%20Plot%20summary,%2Dyear%2Dold%20brother%20Jem. To Kill a Mockingbird - Plot summary]. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Harper Lee’s center focus is purely has a white point of view. Given that her narrator is a child growing up in the 1930s segregated South, maybe that’s inescapable. PeMaybe nothing else would be conceivable. Yet, one of the book's focal subjects is that you need to stroll around in another person's skin to understand them and Harper Lee doesn't really get under the skin of any of the dark characters.&lt;br /&gt;
The closest story about Black residents is only Calpurnia, the family’s cook, but the novel never shares what she’s thinking or feeling. She gets to shares her opinion once where an event so startling that Scout remarks on it. In this book, Calpurnia is in the fictional tradition of the “happy black”, the happy slave. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2015/oct/20/is-to-kill-a-mockingbird-a-racist-book-tanya-landman Is To Kill a Mockingbird a racist book?]. The Guardian. Retrieved January 13 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Unspeakable:_The_Tulsa_Race_Massacre&amp;diff=6661228</id>
		<title>Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Unspeakable:_The_Tulsa_Race_Massacre&amp;diff=6661228"/>
		<updated>2021-03-04T12:44:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Unspeakable- The Tulsa Race Massacre.jpg|250px|thumb|Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre written by Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrated by Floyd Cooper. Carole Boston Weatherford is an African-American author of some children's literature and historical books, and a critic, as well as poetry and commentaries. Weatherford is best known for her books Juneteenth Jamboree, Freedom in Congo Square, and You Can Fly: The Tuskegee Airmen. Notably, Weatherford has written literary criticisms of racist representations in children's entertainment. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Boston_Weatherford Carole Boston Weatherford]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book tells the historical backdrop of the Tulsa Race Massacre, one of the most exceedingly awful occurrences of racial savagery in United States history. The book follows the historical backdrop of African Americans in Tulsa's Greenwood district and chronicles the devastation that happened in 1921 when a white crowd assaulted the community of black people.  Starts by praising the triumphs of the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma, otherwise called Black Wall Street. It was where trade and the local area thrived through more than 200 businesses, including beauty shops, movie theaters, soda parlors, two Black-owned newspapers and the largest Black-owned hotel in the country. Then changed happen when a black man was accused by a white woman of assault.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/54222468-unspeakable Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Goodreads. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-5415-8120-3 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Publisher Weekly. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book retells the history of racial violence, white crowd assaulted the black community in the United States. It started with a white woman accusing a Black man of assault and resulting in his arrest, a provocative feature that affected an irate white crowd, and the crowd’s subsequent resulting slaughter of Black residents and burning of the whole Greenwood neighborhood. The white crowd then raged Greenwood, plundering and burning homes and businesses alike. Hundreds of Black people were killed and the neighborhood was completely destroyed. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.brooklinebooksmith.com/book/9781541581203 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Brookline Booksmith. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.amazon.com/Unspeakable-Massacre-Carole-Boston-Weatherford/dp/1541581202 Unspeakable: The Tulsa Race Massacre]. Amazon. Retrieved January 31 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Non-Fiction Novels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Woke:_A_Young_Poet%E2%80%99s_Call_to_Justice&amp;diff=6661227</id>
		<title>Woke: A Young Poet’s Call to Justice</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Woke:_A_Young_Poet%E2%80%99s_Call_to_Justice&amp;diff=6661227"/>
		<updated>2021-03-04T12:27:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Woke Book Cover.jpg|thumb|200px|Woke: A Young Poet's Call to Justice Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Woke: A Young Poet’s Call to Justice written by Elizabeth Acevedo, Mahogany L. Browne, and Olivia Gatwood and illustrated by Theodore Taylor is a book with a collection of poems to inspire kids to stay woke and become a new generation of activists. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/44280832-woke Woke: A Young Poet's Call to Justice]. Goodreads. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
Woke is a collection of poems by women that reflects the delight and enthusiasm in the battle for social equity, tackling topics from discrimination to empathy, and acknowledgment to standing up. &amp;quot;Woke&amp;quot; is a collection of poetry regarding modern issues, such as body positivity, racial injustice, and standing up for what's right. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/44280832-woke Woke: A Young Poet's Call to Justice]. Goodreads. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Black Empowerment ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Woke Page Preview.jpg|thumb|left|One of Pages in Woke: A Young Poet's Call to Justice]]&lt;br /&gt;
The 24 poems inside this book celebrate diversity and individuality, talking about gender issues, physical ability, race, immigration, and protest. The writers acknowledge the complicated issues regarding discrimination and systemic oppression which impact minorities. This book gives a clear message regarding fighting against injustice, and that words have a really great power that can use as a source. &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;[https://www.slj.com/?reviewDetail=woke-a-young-poets-call-to-justice Woke: A Young Poet’s Call to Justice]. School Library Journal. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the introduction, the author explains what it means to be woke, it means to be aware of the surroundings and connect the awareness to the historical movement for justice, and says &amp;quot;this is where our freedom begins.&amp;quot; Some of the poems inside this book have some topics regarding nourishing individual and relationship, such as body positivity, forgiveness, individuality, and volunteerism. And some other poems talking about giving vocies and speak up. In one of the poem titled &amp;quot;Activism, Everywhere,&amp;quot; written by Browne says, “It is resisting to be comfortable / When we all have yet to feel safe and free”; her protest poem, titled “Right To, After Claude McKay,” powerfully echoes McKay’s historic verses while reversing the premise: “If we must live, let it not be in silence.” A resistance poem by Acevedo urges readers to “Rock the Boat,” and Gatwood’s poem on privilege asks, “What’s in My Toolbox?” Identity issues are covered too, with poems on disability, gender, immigration, and intersectionality. Each of the 24 poems is a powerful greeting to occupy room in local area and in the public arena, and each is prominently recitable, assuming its own position in the verbally expressed word custom. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mahogany-l-browne/woke/ Woke: A Young Poet’s Call to Justice]. Kirkus Review. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_George_Preston_Marshall&amp;diff=6661226</id>
		<title>Monument of George Preston Marshall</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Monument_of_George_Preston_Marshall&amp;diff=6661226"/>
		<updated>2021-03-04T12:15:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Monument of George Preston Marshall.jpg|thumb|Monument of George Preston Marshall]]&lt;br /&gt;
George Preston Marshall became one of the part-owners of the new Boston Braves franchise in the National Football League in 1932. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;https://www.profootballhof.com/players/george-preston-marshall/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Marshall is known more for many of the frills which now mark the modern football game. During the beginning of the NFL, college football was more well known. Marshall chose to consolidate components of the college atmosphere into the professional league. Innovations that he introduced include gala halftime shows, a marching band, and a fight song. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanfootball.fandom.com/wiki/George_Preston_Marshall George Preston Marshall]. American Football Wiki. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
Marshall was born in Grafton, West Virginia on October 11, 1896 to Thomas Hildebrand (&amp;quot;Hill&amp;quot;) Marshall and Blanche Preston Marshall. In 1932, while he was the owner of a chain of laundries in Washington, D.C., established by his father, he and the other three partners were awarded an NFL franchise for Boston. This team got known as the Boston Braves, as they played on a similar field as baseball's Boston Braves. Marshall's partners left the team after one season, leaving him in charge. In 1933 he moved the team from Braves Field to Fenway Park, changing the team nickname to the Redskins. In 1937 he moved the team to Washington. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://americanfootball.fandom.com/wiki/George_Preston_Marshall George Preston Marshall]. American Football Wiki. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Marshall owned the Redskins from their initiation as an establishment in 1932 in Boston until his death in 1969.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1961, the Redskins were the only team in professional football without a black player. In fact, in the 25-year history of the franchise, no black had ever played for George Marshall. &amp;quot;We'll start signing Negroes,&amp;quot; said Marshall, &amp;quot;when the Harlem Globetrotters start signing whites.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Smith, Thomas G. [http://www.espn.com/page2/wash/s/2002/0305/1346021.html#:~:text=In%201961%2C%20the%20Redskins%20were,ever%20played%20for%20George%20Marshall. Civil Rights on the Gridiron]. ESPN. Retrieved January 24 2021. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Marshall refused to sign any black player because he was claiming that integrating the team would cause the team to lose fans in the Southern United States and the team was at the time the southernmost team in the NFL.&lt;br /&gt;
For years, columnists wrote about the lack of Black players on Washington's roster, but it didn't deter Marshall. In the spring of 1961, however, Interior Secretary Stewart Udall started to apply pressure on Marshall to integrate his roster. NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle later got involved in trying to persuade Marshall to relent. He was quoted in stories wondering why, if &amp;quot;[a]ll the other teams we play have Negroes, does it matter which team has the Negroes?&amp;quot; That December, Marshall drafted Black running back and Heisman Trophy winner Ernie Davis with the first pick. But it was later learned that Marshall had traded the selection to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for Mitchell, a running back/receiver who became Washington's first Black player in 1962.&lt;br /&gt;
The Washington Redskins are removing George Preston Marshall's name from their Ring of Fame at FedEx Field less than a week after his statue was removed from their former home. The Redskins also will remove him from their history wall outside the locker room at their practice facility. Marshall was the last NFL owner to integrate his franchise.  &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt;Keim, John [https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/29358399/source-redskins-removing-name-former-owner-george-preston-marshall-ring-fame Redskins removing name of former owner George Preston Marshall from Ring of Fame]. ESPN. 24 January 2020. Retrieved January 24 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Monuments]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Miles_Morales:_Spider-Man&amp;diff=6639273</id>
		<title>Miles Morales: Spider-Man</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Miles_Morales:_Spider-Man&amp;diff=6639273"/>
		<updated>2021-03-03T14:12:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Miles Morales.jpg|thumb|250px|Miles Morales: Spider-Man Book Cover]]&lt;br /&gt;
Miles Morales: Spider-Man, written by Jason Reynolds, is a book about is a fictional superhero, Miles Gonzalo Morales, showing up in publications by the American publisher Marvel Comics, and is one of the characters known as Spider-Man. The character was made in 2011 by writer Brian Michael Bendis and Italian artist Sara Pichelli, with input by Marvel's then-editor-in-chief Axel Alonso. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Morales Miles Morales]. Wikipedia. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
Miles Morales is like another teenager, having dinner every Sunday with his parents, chilling out playing old-school video games with his closest friend, Ganke, adoring on brainy, his school friend Alicia. He’s even got a scholarship spot at the prestigious Brooklyn Visions Academy and a Spider-Man.&lt;br /&gt;
Unexpectedly, Miles’s spidey-sense has been acting up. When a misunderstanding leads to his suspension from school, Miles begins to question his abilities. After all, his dad and uncle were Brooklyn jack-boys with criminal records. Maybe kids like Miles aren’t meant to be superheroes. Maybe Miles should accept his father's recommendation and only giving attention to save himself. &lt;br /&gt;
As Miles tries to get his school life back on track, he can’t shake the vivid nightmares that continue to haunt him. Nor can he avoid the relentless buzz of his spidey-sense every day in history class, amidst his teacher’s lectures on the historical &amp;quot;benefits&amp;quot; of slavery and the modern-day prison system. But after his scholarship is threatened, Miles uncovers a chilling plot, one that puts his friends, his neighborhood, and himself at risk. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/32793053-miles-morales Miles Morales: Spider-Man]. Goodreads. Retrieved February 1 2021&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
This book has a teacher character that shows racism, Mr. CHamberlain. In class, he says something about discrimination, such as, ''“Slavery was the building block of our great country. We shouldn’t just blindly write off the argument for the Confederacy wanting to keep it.”'' and ''“We underestimate the bond between slave and master. So many slaves were comfortable with being enslaved. Happy even.”'' &lt;br /&gt;
He romanticized the antebellum South, praised the prison system for keeping slavery alive, and actively worked to dehumanize two Black students under his charge. His goal, and the goal of the other Mr. Chamberlains that have made flooding the school-to-prison pipeline their game, is to enslave Black people in the 21st century. There’s also a scene during the aforementioned Halloween party where Miles has an opportunity to spy on the Chamberlains and they’re all standing around crowing about how well they’re doing in their attempts to return to what was, for them, “a better time”. &lt;br /&gt;
And when Alicia, a black girl character in this book, protested against what the teacher said, she got punished. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://stitchmediamix.com/2017/08/13/book-review-miles-morales-a-spider-man-novel/ (Book Review) Miles Morales – A Spider-Man Novel]. Stitch's Media. 13 August 2017. Retrieved February 1 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Children's Story Book]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Lord_of_the_Flies&amp;diff=6634762</id>
		<title>Lord of the Flies</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Lord_of_the_Flies&amp;diff=6634762"/>
		<updated>2021-03-03T12:12:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Lord of The Flies.jpg|thumb|200px|Lord of The Flies Cover Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
Lord of the Flies is a dystopian novel written by Willian Goldings, who won the Nobel Prize on 1954. This novel presents the story of schoolboys marooned on an island to investigate mankind’s inherent savagery. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/flies/ Lord of the Flies]. Sparknotes. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; William Golding wrote ‘Lord of the Flies’, due to World War 2. Since he was a part of World War 2, the brutality and terror in the war gave him an enormous impact on human existence. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Nidharshini, Neethu. [https://prezi.com/51dwwypavwal/why-did-william-golding-write-lord-of-the-flies/ why did william golding write lord of the flies]. Prezi. 7 Oct 2017. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;Sir William Gerald Golding was a British author, screenwriter, and poet. He was awarded the Booker Prize for Rites of Passage, the first novel in what turned into his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Golding William Golding]. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Plot ==&lt;br /&gt;
William Golding’s 1954 novel &amp;quot;Lord of the Flies&amp;quot; tells the story of a group of young boys who find themselves alone on a deserted island. They develop rules and a system of organization, but without any adults to serve as a civilizing impulse, the children eventually become violent and brutal. In the context of the novel, the tale of the boys' descent into chaos suggests that human nature is fundamentally savage.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Somers, Jeffrey. [https://www.thoughtco.com/lord-of-the-flies-summary-4178764 'Lord of the Flies' Summary]. ThoughtCo. 26 July 2020. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
More recent versions of &amp;quot;Lord of the Flies&amp;quot; have modified some of the languages in the book, but the novel originally used racist terms, particularly when referring to Black people. A committee of the Toronto, Canada Board of Education on June 23, 1988, was saying that the novel is &amp;quot;racist and recommended that it be removed from all schools&amp;quot; after parents objected to the book's use of racial slurs, saying that the novel denigrated Black people, according to the ALA. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Somers, Jeffrey. [https://www.thoughtco.com/lord-of-the-flies-summary-4178764 'Lord of the Flies' Summary]. ThoughtCo. 26 July 2020. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Toronto Board of Education tried to have it removed from schools because of a reference to the word “niggers” and other insults towards African Americans &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Bridge, Sam. [https://vocal.media/education/the-controversy-of-lord-of-the-flies The Controversy of 'Lord of the Flies']. Vocal Media. Retrieved January 16 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Classic Books]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Jump_Jim_Crow&amp;diff=6634757</id>
		<title>Jump Jim Crow</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Jump_Jim_Crow&amp;diff=6634757"/>
		<updated>2021-03-03T12:04:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Nas: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Jump Jim Crow initiated started another type of famous music and dramatic exhibitions in the United States that concentrated on the joke of African Americans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lyrics ==&lt;br /&gt;
The lyrics as most commonly quoted are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Come, listen all you gals and boys, Ise just from Tuckyhoe;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I'm goin' to sing a little song, My name's Jim Crow.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CHORUS [after every verse]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Weel about and turn about and do jis so,''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I went down to the river, I didn't mean to stay;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''But dere I see so many gals, I couldn't get away.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''And arter I been dere awhile, I tought I push my boat;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''But I tumbled in de river, and I find myself afloat.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I git upon a flat boat, I cotch de Uncle Sam;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Den I went to see de place where dey kill'd de Pakenham.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''And den I go to Orleans, an, feel so full of flight;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Dey put me in de calaboose, an, keep me dere all night.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''When I got out I hit a man, his name I now forgot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''But dere was noting left of him 'cept a little grease spot.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''And oder day I hit a man, de man was mighty fat''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I hit so hard I nockt him in to an old cockt hat.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I whipt my weight in wildcats, I eat an alligator;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I drunk de Mississippy up! O! I'm de very creature.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I sit upon a hornet's nest, I dance upon my head;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I tie a wiper round my neck an, den I go to bed.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''I kneel to de buzzard, an, I bow to the crow;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''An eb'ry time I weel about I jump jis so.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
as it showed up in sheet music composed by Thomas Dartmouth &amp;quot;Daddy&amp;quot; Rice. Rice, a struggling &amp;quot;entertainer&amp;quot; (he did short independent dramas between play scenes) at the Park Theater in New York, happened upon a black person singing the song -- a few records say it was a limp old black slave, others say it was a ragged black stable boy. Regardless of whether the song talks about an old black man or a young black boy, this song is known that in 1828 Rice appeared on stage as &amp;quot;Jim Crow&amp;quot; -- a misrepresented, highly stereotypical black character.&lt;br /&gt;
By 1838, the term &amp;quot;Jim Crow&amp;quot; the expression &amp;quot;Jim Crow&amp;quot; was being utilized as an aggregate racial appellation for blacks, not as offensive as nigger, but rather like coon or darkie. The fame of entertainer shows plainly helped the spread of Jim Crow as a racial slur. This utilization of the term endured for 50 years. Before the end of the nineteenth century, the words Jim Crow were less likely to be used to derisively describe blacks; were less inclined to be utilized to insultingly depict blacks; all things being equal, the expression Jim Crow was being utilized to portray laws and customs which persecuted blacks &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.ferris.edu/htmls/news/jimcrow/who/index.htm Who Was Jim Crow?]. Ferris State University. Retrieved January 18 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Black Racism in Song Lyrics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nas</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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