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	<id>https://blackwiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Rinrin</id>
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	<updated>2026-05-13T12:43:27Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Lazy_Black&amp;diff=7397492</id>
		<title>The Lazy Black</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Lazy_Black&amp;diff=7397492"/>
		<updated>2021-04-01T11:34:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
The legal and social status of African Americans has influenced decades-old ephemera and modern incarnations of African American stereotypes such as Mammy, Mandingo, Sapphire, Uncle Tom, and watermelon. Many stereotypes were developed during the trans-Atlantic slave trade's heyday and were used to further commodify black bodies and validate slavery's company. An enslaved human, for example, who is forced to work from sunrise to sunset under duress, cannot be characterized as lazy. However, traits such as laziness, submissiveness, backwardness, lewdness, treachery, and dishonesty have long been associated with African Americans.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/popular-and-pervasive-stereotypes-african-americans ''Popular and Pervasive Stereotypes of African Americans'']. National Museum of African American History &amp;amp; Culture. Retrieved April 1, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The stereotype and perception among whites that blacks are lazy in comparison to whites remains one of the lasting legacies of Jim Crow cultural subordination of black Americans in the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Darity, William A. ; Hamilton, Darrick. [https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2018/preliminary/paper/A2EQbrKe ''Are Blacks Lazy?'']. American Economic Association. 12 November 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/substantial-racial-stereotyping-toward-young-children-of-color-found-among-white-adults-who-work-with-them/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23363508#?seq=1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Lazy_Black&amp;diff=7397491</id>
		<title>The Lazy Black</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Lazy_Black&amp;diff=7397491"/>
		<updated>2021-04-01T11:26:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The stereotype and perception among whites that blacks are lazy in comparison to whites remains one of the lasting legacies of Jim Crow cultural subordination of black Americans in the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Darity, William A. ; Hamilton, Darrick. [https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2018/preliminary/paper/A2EQbrKe ''Are Blacks Lazy?'']. American Economic Association. 12 November 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7297235</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7297235"/>
		<updated>2021-03-29T14:48:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;It has been long established that black men and minorities paid less in job than white majority. There are of course many possible reason behind the differences in average wages between races groups. For example, white men may be more educated than black men, geographic, ages, immigrations rates, and occupational may differ.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antecol, Heather; Bedard, Kelly.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559027?read-now=1&amp;amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents ''The Racial Wage Gap: The Importance of Labor Force Attachment Differences across Black, Mexican, and White Men'']. Jstor. 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Race and Gender Pay Gap 2020.png|thumb|Median weekly earnings by race and gender Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistic (Q3 2020) ; screengrab from Investopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
Pay inequality in the United States has a much longer history than the nation itself, with much of its early history based on the free labor of enslaved Africans and Native Americans. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.npr.org/2016/06/21/482874478/forgotten-history-how-the-new-england-colonists-embraced-the-slave-trade ''Forgotten History: How The New England Colonists Embraced The Slave Trade'']. NPR. 21 June 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Efforts to close the pay gaps are far more recent. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the most significant statute, is just 56 years old. It prevented discrimination in payments based on &amp;quot;race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/title-vii-civil-rights-act-1964 ''Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964'']. U.S. Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Then the [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act.asp Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act] was passed in 2009, amending previous amendments to several federal statutes defending workers' rights and clarifying that all inequitable, unequal payments are unconstitutional, regardless of how long before they existed. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;111th Congress (2009-2010) [https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/181 ''S.181 - Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009'']. Congres.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While passing laws is a significant step toward social progress, it is often the case that these laws do not result in or complete the change. That isn't to suggest that improvement hasn't been made. However, the change that has been achieved has not achieved or been noticed fairly by both communities. For example, wage growth and jobs among Native Americans continue to decrease, contributing to a high poverty rate (one in three) and a yearly median income of just $23,000. Redbird, Beth. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/news/2020/redbird-what-drives-native-american-poverty.html ‘’ What Drives Native American Poverty?’’]. ipr.northwestern.edu. 24 February 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clearly, considering all that has changed in the last 56 years, significant disparities in earnings exist among different demographic groups. By far the highest income differential is based on race.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Understanding the Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
Pay Gap according to Cambridge Dictionary is &amp;quot;the difference between the average pay of two different groups of people.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/pay-gap ''Meaning of pay gap in English'']. Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Consistent income gap can result in one or more classes of people gaining more wealth than others.&lt;br /&gt;
There are several organizations that watch closely to this pay diversity such as [https://www.fedsearch.org/board_public/search?text=racial+wealth+gap&amp;amp;Search=  Federal Reserve], [https://www.epi.org/?s=racial+wealth+gap The Economic Policy Institute], and [https://www.urban.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=racial%20wealth%20gaps The Urban Institute].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The causes of the pay gap are more complex than a single factor. Different genders have different perspectives and follow different journeys through schooling and preparation due to the interwoven forces of segregation, pervasive sexism, and systemic racism. General biases based on outdated assumptions, as well as societal expectations on gender roles, play a role. Depending on race, ethnicity, socio-economic background, gender and other factors, many women face additional barriers that limit their opportunities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.aauw.org/app/uploads/2020/12/SimpleTruth_2.1.pdf ''The Simple Truth About the Gender Pay Gap 2020 Update'']. AAUW. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This wage gap is attributed in part of persistent ethnic inequalities in job sector results. Black employees are more likely to be working in low-wage occupations. In addition to lower overall wages, Black employees face fewer flexible work hours, harder-to-predict schedules, and generally unstable jobs. Black workers are still heavily concentrated in states where the federal minimum wage is mandatory. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, Black employees face greater income volatility, which is primarily attributable to higher joblessness and employment exits in the past. Discrimination in the employment market is a major driver of racial earnings and workplace inequalities. Skills do not tend to bridge these gaps; in contrast to other classes, Black Americans earn lower, though good, returns to post-secondary education. Rather, discrimination in the labor market is a major driver of racial earnings and wage gaps. Because of these racism, the average Black worker and families have lower incomes with which to cope with a large-scale economic shock.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hardy, Bradley L. ; Logan, Trevon D. [https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/EA_HardyLogan_LO_8.12.pdf The Hamilton Project ''Racial Economic Inequality Amid the COVID-19 Crisis'']. brookings.edu. August 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Black Men Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Black Men Pay Gap.png|thumb|Black men earn less compared to white men. Source: PayScale ; screengrab from shrm.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
Black man paid less than white men even after 55 years after the passage of the Civil Rights Act. According to a PayScale online salary report, the earnings difference between black or African American men and white men is consistent. And as black or African American men advance throughout their careers, they continue to earn less than similarly skilled white men. They are the only racial/ethnic group that has yet to reach pay parity for white males. The survey discovered that black or African American men had the highest pay gap as compared to white men in our study. For every dollar a white man earns, black men earn 87 cents (uncontrolled sample). The survey conducted between January 2017 and February 2019 with total 1.8 million respondents.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gruver, Jackson. [https://www.payscale.com/data/racial-wage-gap-for-men ''RACIAL WAGE GAP FOR MEN'']. Pay Scale. 7 May 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even in managerial roles, black men are underpaid compared to their white colleagues. According to PayScale, executive-level black men paid 97 cents for every dollar earned by white men with the same qualifications. Worse, as black men progressed up the business ladder, the racial pay gap increased. This gap may be due in part to occupational discrimination, which means that black men are more likely to work in lower-paying professions, such as social services, than white men in senior roles, according to Gruver.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Black Women Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Womens median annual earning from 1988.png|thumb|Women's Median Annual Earnings as a % of White Men's for Full-time, 1988-2019 and Projections. Source: Earnings data from U.S. Census Bureau (2020), Wage projections based on calculations done by AAUW]]&lt;br /&gt;
Women of color in the United States face the impact of the country's ongoing and systemic income inequality. The disparities reflect the real-world repercussions of patriarchy and white supremacy in the United States, as well as how our society routinely undervalues people of color and their work. The size of pay gap among women who hold full-time, year-round jobs by race/ethnicity revealed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Women sacrifice income as a result of the cents-on-the-dollar disparity, resulting in less money to support themselves and their families.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When comparing both men and women who work full time, year-round in the United States, according to NWLC estimates based on the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey for 2016, women were paying only 80 cents for every dollar paid to their male counterparts.&amp;lt;ref name=shrm&amp;gt;Miller, Stephen. [https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/compensation/pages/racial-wage-gaps-persistence-poses-challenge.aspx ''Black Workers Still Earn Less than Their White Counterparts'']. shrm.org. 11 June 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But the pay gap was even wider when looking specifically at full time working black women compared to non-Hispanic men.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Based on US census bureau 2020, black women are typically paid just 63 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men. The median annual pay for a Black woman in the United States who holds a fulltime, year-round job is $41,098, while the median annual pay for a white, non-Hispanic man who holds a full-time, year-round job is $65,208 – a difference of $24,110per year.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/fair-pay/quantifying-americas-gender-wage-gap.pdf ''Quantifying America’s Gender Wage Gap by Race/Ethnicity'']. nationalpartnership.org. March 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How to Narrow the Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the fact that employees of all races earned higher salaries on average in 2018 than in 2000, Roy Eduardo Kokoyachuk, a partner at ThinkNow Research, which helps businesses adapt to the demographic and cultural drivers that affect customer choices, observed that &amp;quot;at any level of wage distribution, the difference between black and white incomes was greater in 2018 than it was in 2000,&amp;quot; according to the report. Kokoyachuk said education alone can't close the racial pay gap. The racial pay gap can be overcome if policymakers are committed to taking actions add Kokoyachuk. Employers should take initiatives such as increasing the implementation of anti-discrimination policies in the workplace and providing tax benefits to minority entrepreneurs and company owners. Option of not asking applicants about their previous earnings also need to be considered. According to new research from Boston University, salary history bans will significantly narrow both gender and racial gaps. After salary history bans were passed, wage for job changers will rose by 8 percent for women and 13 percent for black people.&amp;lt;ref name=shrm /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Women's Equal Pay Day]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racial Bias in Workplace]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Business]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7297229</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7297229"/>
		<updated>2021-03-29T14:45:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;It has been long established that black men and minorities paid less in job than white majority. There are of course many possible reason behind the differences in average wages between races groups. For example, white men may be more educated than black men, geographic, ages, immigrations rates, and occupational may differ.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antecol, Heather; Bedard, Kelly.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559027?read-now=1&amp;amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents ''The Racial Wage Gap: The Importance of Labor Force Attachment Differences across Black, Mexican, and White Men'']. Jstor. 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Race and Gender Pay Gap 2020.png|thumb|Median weekly earnings by race and gender Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistic (Q3 2020) ; screengrab from Investopedia]]&lt;br /&gt;
Pay inequality in the United States has a much longer history than the nation itself, with much of its early history based on the free labor of enslaved Africans and Native Americans. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.npr.org/2016/06/21/482874478/forgotten-history-how-the-new-england-colonists-embraced-the-slave-trade ''Forgotten History: How The New England Colonists Embraced The Slave Trade'']. NPR. 21 June 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Efforts to close the pay gaps are far more recent. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the most significant statute, is just 56 years old. It prevented discrimination in payments based on &amp;quot;race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/title-vii-civil-rights-act-1964 ''Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964'']. U.S. Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Then the [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act.asp Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act] was passed in 2009, amending previous amendments to several federal statutes defending workers' rights and clarifying that all inequitable, unequal payments are unconstitutional, regardless of how long before they existed. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;111th Congress (2009-2010) [https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/181 ''S.181 - Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009'']. Congres.gov. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While passing laws is a significant step toward social progress, it is often the case that these laws do not result in or complete the change. That isn't to suggest that improvement hasn't been made. However, the change that has been achieved has not achieved or been noticed fairly by both communities. For example, wage growth and jobs among Native Americans continue to decrease, contributing to a high poverty rate (one in three) and a yearly median income of just $23,000. Redbird, Beth. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/news/2020/redbird-what-drives-native-american-poverty.html ‘’ What Drives Native American Poverty?’’]. ipr.northwestern.edu. 24 February 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clearly, considering all that has changed in the last 56 years, significant disparities in earnings exist among different demographic groups. By far the highest income differential is based on race.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Understanding the Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
Pay Gap according to Cambridge Dictionary is &amp;quot;the difference between the average pay of two different groups of people.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/pay-gap ''Meaning of pay gap in English'']. Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Consistent income gap can result in one or more classes of people gaining more wealth than others.&lt;br /&gt;
There are several organizations that watch closely to this pay diversity such as [https://www.fedsearch.org/board_public/search?text=racial+wealth+gap&amp;amp;Search=  Federal Reserve], [https://www.epi.org/?s=racial+wealth+gap The Economic Policy Institute], and [https://www.urban.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=racial%20wealth%20gaps The Urban Institute].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The causes of the pay gap are more complex than a single factor. Different genders have different perspectives and follow different journeys through schooling and preparation due to the interwoven forces of segregation, pervasive sexism, and systemic racism. General biases based on outdated assumptions, as well as societal expectations on gender roles, play a role. Depending on race, ethnicity, socio-economic background, gender and other factors, many women face additional barriers that limit their opportunities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.aauw.org/app/uploads/2020/12/SimpleTruth_2.1.pdf ''The Simple Truth About the Gender Pay Gap 2020 Update'']. AAUW. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This wage gap is attributed in part of persistent ethnic inequalities in job sector results. Black employees are more likely to be working in low-wage occupations. In addition to lower overall wages, Black employees face fewer flexible work hours, harder-to-predict schedules, and generally unstable jobs. Black workers are still heavily concentrated in states where the federal minimum wage is mandatory. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, Black employees face greater income volatility, which is primarily attributable to higher joblessness and employment exits in the past. Discrimination in the employment market is a major driver of racial earnings and workplace inequalities. Skills do not tend to bridge these gaps; in contrast to other classes, Black Americans earn lower, though good, returns to post-secondary education. Rather, discrimination in the labor market is a major driver of racial earnings and wage gaps. Because of these racism, the average Black worker and families have lower incomes with which to cope with a large-scale economic shock.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hardy, Bradley L. ; Logan, Trevon D. [https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/EA_HardyLogan_LO_8.12.pdf The Hamilton Project ''Racial Economic Inequality Amid the COVID-19 Crisis'']. brookings.edu. August 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Black Men Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Black Men Pay Gap.png|thumb|Black men earn less compared to white men. Source: PayScale ; screengrab from shrm.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
Black man paid less than white men even after 55 years after the passage of the Civil Rights Act. According to a PayScale online salary report, the earnings difference between black or African American men and white men is consistent. And as black or African American men advance throughout their careers, they continue to earn less than similarly skilled white men. They are the only racial/ethnic group that has yet to reach pay parity for white males. The survey discovered that black or African American men had the highest pay gap as compared to white men in our study. For every dollar a white man earns, black men earn 87 cents (uncontrolled sample). The survey conducted between January 2017 and February 2019 with total 1.8 million respondents.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gruver, Jackson. [https://www.payscale.com/data/racial-wage-gap-for-men ''RACIAL WAGE GAP FOR MEN'']. Pay Scale. 7 May 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even in managerial roles, black men are underpaid compared to their white colleagues. According to PayScale, executive-level black men paid 97 cents for every dollar earned by white men with the same qualifications. Worse, as black men progressed up the business ladder, the racial pay gap increased. This gap may be due in part to occupational discrimination, which means that black men are more likely to work in lower-paying professions, such as social services, than white men in senior roles, according to Gruver.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Black Women Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Womens median annual earning from 1988.png|thumb|Women's Median Annual Earnings as a % of White Men's for Full-time, 1988-2019 and Projections. Source: Earnings data from U.S. Census Bureau (2020), Wage projections based on calculations done by AAUW]]&lt;br /&gt;
Women of color in the United States face the impact of the country's ongoing and systemic income inequality. The disparities reflect the real-world repercussions of patriarchy and white supremacy in the United States, as well as how our society routinely undervalues people of color and their work. The size of pay gap among women who hold full-time, year-round jobs by race/ethnicity revealed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Women sacrifice income as a result of the cents-on-the-dollar disparity, resulting in less money to support themselves and their families.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When comparing both men and women who work full time, year-round in the United States, according to NWLC estimates based on the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey for 2016, women were paying only 80 cents for every dollar paid to their male counterparts.&amp;lt;ref name=shrm&amp;gt;Miller, Stephen. [https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/compensation/pages/racial-wage-gaps-persistence-poses-challenge.aspx ''Black Workers Still Earn Less than Their White Counterparts'']. shrm.org. 11 June 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But the pay gap was even wider when looking specifically at full time working black women compared to non-Hispanic men.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Based on US census bureau 2020, black women are typically paid just 63 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men. The median annual pay for a Black woman in the United States who holds a fulltime, year-round job is $41,098, while the median annual pay for a white, non-Hispanic man who holds a full-time, year-round job is $65,208 – a difference of $24,110per year.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/fair-pay/quantifying-americas-gender-wage-gap.pdf ''Quantifying America’s Gender Wage Gap by Race/Ethnicity'']. nationalpartnership.org. March 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How to Narrow the Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the fact that employees of all races earned higher salaries on average in 2018 than in 2000, Roy Eduardo Kokoyachuk, a partner at ThinkNow Research, which helps businesses adapt to the demographic and cultural drivers that affect customer choices, observed that &amp;quot;at any level of wage distribution, the difference between black and white incomes was greater in 2018 than it was in 2000,&amp;quot; according to the report. Kokoyachuk said education alone can't close the racial pay gap. The racial pay gap can be overcome if policymakers are committed to taking actions add Kokoyachuk. Employers should take initiatives such as increasing the implementation of anti-discrimination policies in the workplace and providing tax benefits to minority entrepreneurs and company owners. Option of not asking applicants about their previous earnings also need to be considered. According to new research from Boston University, salary history bans will significantly narrow both gender and racial gaps. After salary history bans were passed, wage for job changers will rose by 8 percent for women and 13 percent for black people.&amp;lt;ref name=shrm /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Women's Equal Pay Day]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read AAUW full report [https://www.aauw.org/app/uploads/2020/12/SimpleTruth_2.1.pdf The Simple Truth About the Gender Pay Gap 2020 Update]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racial Bias in Workplace]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Business]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Black_Men_Pay_Gap.png&amp;diff=7297179</id>
		<title>File:Black Men Pay Gap.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Black_Men_Pay_Gap.png&amp;diff=7297179"/>
		<updated>2021-03-29T14:21:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Black men earn less compared to white men&lt;br /&gt;
Source: PayScale ; screengrab from shrm.org&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Womens_median_annual_earning_from_1988.png&amp;diff=7297077</id>
		<title>File:Womens median annual earning from 1988.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Womens_median_annual_earning_from_1988.png&amp;diff=7297077"/>
		<updated>2021-03-29T13:47:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Women's Median Annual Earnings as a % of White, non-Hispanic Men's for Full-time, Year-round Workers, 1988-2019 and Projections using the 1988-2019 Trends.&lt;br /&gt;
Source: Earnings data from U.S. Census Bureau (2020), Current Population Survey, 2020 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Wage projections based on calculations done by AAUW.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Race_and_Gender_Pay_Gap_2020.png&amp;diff=7297064</id>
		<title>File:Race and Gender Pay Gap 2020.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Race_and_Gender_Pay_Gap_2020.png&amp;diff=7297064"/>
		<updated>2021-03-29T13:43:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Median weekly earnings by race and gender&lt;br /&gt;
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistic (Q3 2020) ; screengrab from Investopedia&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7133178</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7133178"/>
		<updated>2021-03-22T14:59:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;It has been long established that black men and minorities paid less in job than white majority. There are of course many possible reason behind the differences in average wages between races groups. For example, white men may be more educated than black men, geographic, ages, immigrations rates, and occupational may differ.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antecol, Heather; Bedard, Kelly.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559027?read-now=1&amp;amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents ''The Racial Wage Gap: The Importance of Labor Force Attachment Differences across Black, Mexican, and White Men'']. Jstor. 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40042996?read-now=1&amp;amp;refreqid=excelsior%3A80558e277cd61f23a3ba6335eb49a443&amp;amp;seq=9#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://www.newsweek.com/race-pay-equality-racism-inequality-1532379&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/01/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://nwlc.org/issue/race-gender-wage-gaps/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/compensation/pages/racial-wage-gaps-persistence-poses-challenge.aspx&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.payscale.com/data/racial-wage-gap&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.aauw.org/resources/research/race-and-the-pay-gap/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/ethnicitypaygapsingreatbritain/2019&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/15/ethnicity-pay-gap-disparities-minority-workers-unemployed-precarious-work&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.investopedia.com/wage-gaps-by-race-5073258&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559027?read-now=1&amp;amp;seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Black Women Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
Women of color in the United States face the impact of the country's ongoing and systemic income inequality. The disparities reflect the real-world repercussions of patriarchy and white supremacy in the United States, as well as how our society routinely undervalues people of color and their work. The size of pay gap among women who hold full-time, year-round jobs by race/ethnicity revealed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Women sacrifice income as a result of the cents-on-the-dollar disparity, resulting in less money to support themselves and their families.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Based on US census bureau 2020, black women are typically paid just 63 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men. The median annual pay for a Black woman in the United States who holds a fulltime, year-round job is $41,098, while the median annual pay for a white, non-Hispanic man who holds a full-time, year-round job is $65,208 – a difference of $24,110per year.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/fair-pay/quantifying-americas-gender-wage-gap.pdf ''Quantifying America’s Gender Wage Gap by Race/Ethnicity'']. nationalpartnership.org. March 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Women's Equal Pay Day]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racial Bias in Workplace]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Business]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7132971</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7132971"/>
		<updated>2021-03-22T14:44:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
It has been long established that black men and minorities paid less in job than white majority. There are of course many possible reason behind the differences in average wages between races groups. For example, white men may be more educated than black men, geographic, ages, immigrations rates, and occupational may differ.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antecol, Heather; Bedard, Kelly.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3559027?read-now=1&amp;amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents ''The Racial Wage Gap: The Importance of Labor Force Attachment Differences across Black, Mexican, and White Men'']. Jstor. 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Black Women Pay Gap==&lt;br /&gt;
Based on US census bureau 2020, black women are typically paid just 63 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men. The median annual pay for a Black woman in the United States who holds a fulltime, year-round job is $41,098, while the median annual pay for a white, non-Hispanic man who holds a full-time, year-round job is $65,208 – a difference of $24,110per year.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/fair-pay/quantifying-americas-gender-wage-gap.pdf ''Quantifying America’s Gender Wage Gap by&lt;br /&gt;
Race/Ethnicity'']. nationalpartnership.org. March 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Women's Equal Pay Day]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racial Bias in Workplace]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Business]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7132452</id>
		<title>Dangerous and Untouched Africans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7132452"/>
		<updated>2021-03-22T14:15:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Blackface and Black Characters Over Time==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Birth of a Nation.jpg|thumb|Actors in the garb of the Ku Klux Klan chase down a white actor in blackface, in a still from The Birth of a Nation. Hulton Archive/Getty Images]]&lt;br /&gt;
In the early days of Hollywood, black roles were not often played by black actors, just as Asian characters were not always played by Asians. They didn't appear at all, except as caricatures performed by white actors in blackface. This trend has its origins in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, which featured a number of racial myths about black people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a long period of backlash, blackface is now much less common: in Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as a springboard for a discussion of racism at colleges throughout the United States. In contrary, ''Scary Black Man'' and [[Black Characters Die First | ''Black Dude Dies First'']] characters in Hollywood soar from 1960 to 2000.&amp;lt;ref name=dw&amp;gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 ''What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes'']. dw.com. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before movie had even existed, Black people have already been dehumanized in the entertainment industry. Beginning in the 1830s, white performers imitated enslaved people by coloring their masks, wearing ripped clothing, and imitating them. Only offensive caricatures of black people were depicted: poor, ignorant, hypersexual, and criminal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Morton, Ke’Asia. [https://thewilsonbeacon.com/17349/magazine/a-history-of-black-representation-in-hollywood-progress-of-appropriate-portrayal/ ''A history of Black representation in Hollywood: progress of appropriate portrayal'']. The Beacon. 27 October 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Stereotype in Entertainment==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Getout2017.png|thumb|Daniel Kaluuya stars in Get Out (2017)]]&lt;br /&gt;
However, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black stars, other myths have become more prominent. To this day, black men are frequently depicted as scary or furious, and black women are frequently depicted as loudmouthed and sassy. The black best friend is almost always the token black character in a film. In addition, if characters in a film disappear, the black actor is expected to die first. And as public awareness of racial stereotypes increases, Hollywood continues to use it. If Africa is mentioned, it is portrayed as dangerous and untouched by civilization. In film, black characters are often cast in stereotype stereotypes (thugs, pimps, gangsters), reinforcing the crime reputation that African-Americans and their culture have earned.&amp;lt;ref name=blake&amp;gt;Edwards, Blake. [https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1718&amp;amp;context=masters_theses ''Acting Black: An Analysis of Blackness and Criminality in Film'']. aquila.usm.edu. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The negative portrayals of black people in Hollywood often apply to black Americans. African-themed stereotypes are more unusual, partially due to the fact that few Hollywood films feature African characters. The most popular trope about Africa, according to TVTropes users, is &amp;quot;Darkest Africa,&amp;quot; which portrays the continent as a remote and dangerous remote land with only intermittent links to &amp;quot;modern&amp;quot; society. However, the representation is becoming less popular.&amp;lt;ref name=dw /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The movie Birth of a Nation, DW Griffith’s film released on 8 February 1915&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brook, Tom. [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150206-the-most-racist-movie-ever-made ''The Birth of a Nation: The most racist movie ever made?'']. BBC. 6 February 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, for example, depicted African-American men as uneducated, barbaric brutes who preyed on vulnerable white women. It portrayed African Americans in such a negative light that the stigma associated with this depiction continues to afflict the black community today.&amp;lt;ref name=blake /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The False Assumptions==&lt;br /&gt;
Mary Beth Oliver is an associate professor of communication that teaches media effects, communication research, quantitative research methods, and interpersonal communication at Penn State University wrote a Journal of African American Studies titled ''&amp;quot;African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men&amp;quot;'' back in September 2003. In the study mentioned the correlation of African American men with danger and crime represents a number of causes as well as a long tradition of racism and stereotyping. The way the media (especially the news media) portrays race and crime plays a significant role in the stereotyping of black males as violent and dangerous, according to this journal. The racial biased and racial prejudice to African American who is &amp;quot;assumed&amp;quot; to be threatening and violent comes with the price such as innocent men shooting by the police officers that happen in an alarming rate. Nonetheless, the high extent at which black men have become the object of wrongfully targeted police brutality illustrates the obvious influence that race plays in misguided perceptions of risk and crime. Of course the mistaken assumptions is not only manifested in law-enforcement field but also in several aspects such as store keepers / sales person who always keep an eye for black customers in store even using racial profiling or certain racist code name for black people (see also: [[:Category:Shopping While Black|Shopping While Black]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Oliver, Mary Beth. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41819017?seq=1 ''African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men'']. jstor.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Get out (2017)]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:Shopping While Black | Shopping While Black]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:Black-Targeted Racism in Brand |Black-Targeted Racism in Brand ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7072914</id>
		<title>Dangerous and Untouched Africans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7072914"/>
		<updated>2021-03-19T13:53:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Blackface and Black Characters Over Time==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Birth of a Nation.jpg|thumb|Actors in the garb of the Ku Klux Klan chase down a white actor in blackface, in a still from The Birth of a Nation. Hulton Archive/Getty Images]]&lt;br /&gt;
In the early days of Hollywood, black roles were not often played by black actors, just as Asian characters were not always played by Asians. They didn't appear at all, except as caricatures performed by white actors in blackface. This trend has its origins in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, which featured a number of racial myths about black people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a long period of backlash, blackface is now much less common: in Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as a springboard for a discussion of racism at colleges throughout the United States. In contrary, ''Scary Black Man'' and ''Black Dude Dies First'' characters in Hollywood soar from 1960 to 2000.&amp;lt;ref name=dw&amp;gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 ''What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes'']. dw.com. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before movie had even existed, Black people have already been dehumanized in the entertainment industry. Beginning in the 1830s, white performers imitated enslaved people by coloring their masks, wearing ripped clothing, and imitating them. Only offensive caricatures of black people were depicted: poor, ignorant, hypersexual, and criminal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Morton, Ke’Asia. [https://thewilsonbeacon.com/17349/magazine/a-history-of-black-representation-in-hollywood-progress-of-appropriate-portrayal/ ''A history of Black representation in Hollywood: progress of appropriate portrayal'']. The Beacon. 27 October 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Stereotype in Entertainment==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Getout2017.png|thumb|Daniel Kaluuya stars in Get Out (2017)]]&lt;br /&gt;
However, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black stars, other myths have become more prominent. To this day, black men are frequently depicted as scary or furious, and black women are frequently depicted as loudmouthed and sassy. The black best friend is almost always the token black character in a film. In addition, if characters in a film disappear, the black actor is expected to die first. And as public awareness of racial stereotypes increases, Hollywood continues to use it. If Africa is mentioned, it is portrayed as dangerous and untouched by civilization. In film, black characters are often cast in stereotype stereotypes (thugs, pimps, gangsters), reinforcing the crime reputation that African-Americans and their culture have earned.&amp;lt;ref name=blake&amp;gt;Edwards, Blake. [https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1718&amp;amp;context=masters_theses ''Acting Black: An Analysis of Blackness and Criminality in Film'']. aquila.usm.edu. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The negative portrayals of black people in Hollywood often apply to black Americans. African-themed stereotypes are more unusual, partially due to the fact that few Hollywood films feature African characters. The most popular trope about Africa, according to TVTropes users, is &amp;quot;Darkest Africa,&amp;quot; which portrays the continent as a remote and dangerous remote land with only intermittent links to &amp;quot;modern&amp;quot; society. However, the representation is becoming less popular.&amp;lt;ref name=dw /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The movie Birth of a Nation, DW Griffith’s film released on 8 February 1915&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brook, Tom. [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150206-the-most-racist-movie-ever-made ''The Birth of a Nation: The most racist movie ever made?'']. BBC. 6 February 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, for example, depicted African-American men as uneducated, barbaric brutes who preyed on vulnerable white women. It portrayed African Americans in such a negative light that the stigma associated with this depiction continues to afflict the black community today.&amp;lt;ref name=blake /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The False Assumptions==&lt;br /&gt;
Mary Beth Oliver is an associate professor of communication that teaches media effects, communication research, quantitative research methods, and interpersonal communication at Penn State University wrote a Journal of African American Studies titled ''&amp;quot;African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men&amp;quot;'' back in September 2003. In the study mentioned the correlation of African American men with danger and crime represents a number of causes as well as a long tradition of racism and stereotyping. The way the media (especially the news media) portrays race and crime plays a significant role in the stereotyping of black males as violent and dangerous, according to this journal. The racial biased and racial prejudice to African American who is &amp;quot;assumed&amp;quot; to be threatening and violent comes with the price such as innocent men shooting by the police officers that happen in an alarming rate. Nonetheless, the high extent at which black men have become the object of wrongfully targeted police brutality illustrates the obvious influence that race plays in misguided perceptions of risk and crime. Of course the mistaken assumptions is not only manifested in law-enforcement field but also in several aspects such as store keepers / sales person who always keep an eye for black customers in store even using racial profiling or certain racist code name for black people (see also: [[:Category:Shopping While Black|Shopping While Black]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Oliver, Mary Beth. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41819017?seq=1 ''African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men'']. jstor.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Get out (2017)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:Shopping While Black | Shopping While Black]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:Black-Targeted Racism in Brand |Black-Targeted Racism in Brand ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Getout2017.png&amp;diff=7072913</id>
		<title>File:Getout2017.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Getout2017.png&amp;diff=7072913"/>
		<updated>2021-03-19T13:53:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Daniel Kaluuya stars in Get Out (2017)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Getoutcover.webp&amp;diff=7072911</id>
		<title>File:Getoutcover.webp</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Getoutcover.webp&amp;diff=7072911"/>
		<updated>2021-03-19T13:50:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Daniel Kaluuya stars in Get Out (2017)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Birth_of_a_Nation.jpg&amp;diff=7072907</id>
		<title>File:Birth of a Nation.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=File:Birth_of_a_Nation.jpg&amp;diff=7072907"/>
		<updated>2021-03-19T13:42:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Actors in the garb of the Ku Klux Klan chase down a white actor in blackface, in a still from The Birth of a Nation.&lt;br /&gt;
Hulton Archive/Getty Images&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7072901</id>
		<title>Dangerous and Untouched Africans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7072901"/>
		<updated>2021-03-19T13:28:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Blackface and Black Characters Over Time==&lt;br /&gt;
In the early days of Hollywood, black roles were not often played by black actors, just as Asian characters were not always played by Asians. They didn't appear at all, except as caricatures performed by white actors in blackface. This trend has its origins in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, which featured a number of racial myths about black people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a long period of backlash, blackface is now much less common: in Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as a springboard for a discussion of racism at colleges throughout the United States. In contrary, ''Scary Black Man'' and ''Black Dude Die First'' characters in Hollywood soar from 1960 to 2000.&amp;lt;ref name=dw&amp;gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 ''What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes'']. dw.com. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before movie had even existed, Black people have already been dehumanized in the entertainment industry. Beginning in the 1830s, white performers imitated enslaved people by coloring their masks, wearing ripped clothing, and imitating them. Only offensive caricatures of black people were depicted: poor, ignorant, hypersexual, and criminal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Morton, Ke’Asia. [https://thewilsonbeacon.com/17349/magazine/a-history-of-black-representation-in-hollywood-progress-of-appropriate-portrayal/ ''A history of Black representation in Hollywood: progress of appropriate portrayal'']. The Beacon. 27 October 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Stereotype in Entertainment==&lt;br /&gt;
However, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black stars, other myths have become more prominent. To this day, black men are frequently depicted as scary or furious, and black women are frequently depicted as loudmouthed and sassy. The black best friend is almost always the token black character in a film. In addition, if characters in a film disappear, the black actor is expected to die first. And as public awareness of racial stereotypes increases, Hollywood continues to use it. If Africa is mentioned, it is portrayed as dangerous and untouched by civilization. In film, black characters are often cast in stereotype stereotypes (thugs, pimps, gangsters), reinforcing the crime reputation that African-Americans and their culture have earned.&amp;lt;ref name=blake&amp;gt;Edwards, Blake. [https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1718&amp;amp;context=masters_theses ''Acting Black: An Analysis of Blackness and Criminality in Film'']. aquila.usm.edu. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The negative portrayals of black people in Hollywood often apply to black Americans. African-themed stereotypes are more unusual, partially due to the fact that few Hollywood films feature African characters. The most popular trope about Africa, according to TVTropes users, is &amp;quot;Darkest Africa,&amp;quot; which portrays the continent as a remote and dangerous remote land with only intermittent links to &amp;quot;modern&amp;quot; society. However, the representation is becoming less popular.&amp;lt;ref name=dw /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The movie Birth of a Nation, for example, depicted African-American men as uneducated, barbaric brutes who preyed on vulnerable white women. It portrayed African Americans in such a negative light that the stigma associated with this depiction continues to afflict the black community today.&amp;lt;ref name=blake /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The False Assumptions==&lt;br /&gt;
Mary Beth Oliver is an associate professor of communication that teaches media effects, communication research, quantitative research methods, and interpersonal communication at Penn State University wrote a Journal of African American Studies titled ''&amp;quot;African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men&amp;quot;'' back in September 2003. In the study mentioned the correlation of African American men with danger and crime represents a number of causes as well as a long tradition of racism and stereotyping. The way the media (especially the news media) portrays race and crime plays a significant role in the stereotyping of black males as violent and dangerous, according to this journal. The racial biased and racial prejudice to African American who is &amp;quot;assumed&amp;quot; to be threatening and violent comes with the price such as innocent men shooting by the police officers that happen in an alarming rate. Nonetheless, the high extent at which black men have become the object of wrongfully targeted police brutality illustrates the obvious influence that race plays in misguided perceptions of risk and crime. Of course the mistaken assumptions is not only manifested in law-enforcement field but also in several aspects such as store keepers / sales person who always keep an eye for black customers in store even using racial profiling or certain racist code name for black people (see also: [[:Category:Shopping While Black|Shopping While Black]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Oliver, Mary Beth. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41819017?seq=1 ''African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men'']. jstor.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:Shopping While Black | Shopping While Black]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[:Category:Black-Targeted Racism in Brand |Black-Targeted Racism in Brand ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7064483</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7064483"/>
		<updated>2021-03-18T14:23:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Hollywood Diversity==&lt;br /&gt;
Although minorities were largely ignored for Academy Award nominations, films with diverse casts continued to resonate with increasingly diverse audiences, a fact emphasized by each new edition of the Hollywood Diversity Report.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When it comes to key jobs in the film world, the seventh annual report tells the story of two Hollywoods.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“As of 2019, both women and minorities are within striking distance of proportionate representation when it comes to lead roles and total cast,” said Darnell Hunt, dean of the UCLA College division of social sciences and the report’s co-author. “But behind the scenes, it’s a very different story. That begs the question: Are we actually seeing systematic change, or is Hollywood just appealing to diverse audiences through casting, but without fundamentally altering the way studios do business behind the camera?”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wolf, Jessica. [https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/2020-hollywood-diversity-report ''2020 Hollywood Diversity Report: A different story behind the scenes''] UCLA Edu. 6 February 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Diversity Pays==&lt;br /&gt;
Changing gears would be in Hollywood’s best interest: According to the report, movies and TV shows with fairly diverse casts bring in more at the box office and get higher ratings from audiences. However, Hollywood is still a long way from representing the diversity of the world — or even that of the United States. White people are still considerably overrepresented in front of the camera, as well as behind it. That fact, too, has an influence on how stereotypes are perpetuated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A few events in recent years have given rise to optimism that this might change. When she won the Oscar for her performance in Fences in 2017, Viola Davis became the first black woman to win the triple crown of acting over the course of career, including her two Tony Awards for stage work and the 2015 Emmy for her role in How to Get Away With Murder. In 2018, the romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians became a box office hit with an all-Asian cast. And the Vietnamese-American actor Lana Condor has the lead role in the successful teen romance To All the Boys I've Loved Before on Netflix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the figures from UCLA's Diversity Report indicate, proportionate and accurate representation is not yet the norm.  &amp;quot;We're still facing huge challenges,&amp;quot; says Kent Ono, &amp;quot;and there are always going to be people that go back to the historical trove of representation. But I'm more hopeful now than even two years ago. There are great independent people doing the work to push out those representations. And sometimes, Hollywood listens.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 ''What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes'']. dw.com. Retrieved March 18, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dangerous and Untouched Africans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7064478</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7064478"/>
		<updated>2021-03-18T14:18:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Diversity Pays==&lt;br /&gt;
Changing gears would be in Hollywood’s best interest: According to the report, movies and TV shows with fairly diverse casts bring in more at the box office and get higher ratings from audiences. However, Hollywood is still a long way from representing the diversity of the world — or even that of the United States. White people are still considerably overrepresented in front of the camera, as well as behind it. That fact, too, has an influence on how stereotypes are perpetuated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A few events in recent years have given rise to optimism that this might change. When she won the Oscar for her performance in Fences in 2017, Viola Davis became the first black woman to win the triple crown of acting over the course of career, including her two Tony Awards for stage work and the 2015 Emmy for her role in How to Get Away With Murder. In 2018, the romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians became a box office hit with an all-Asian cast. And the Vietnamese-American actor Lana Condor has the lead role in the successful teen romance To All the Boys I've Loved Before on Netflix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the figures from UCLA's Diversity Report indicate, proportionate and accurate representation is not yet the norm.  &amp;quot;We're still facing huge challenges,&amp;quot; says Kent Ono, &amp;quot;and there are always going to be people that go back to the historical trove of representation. But I'm more hopeful now than even two years ago. There are great independent people doing the work to push out those representations. And sometimes, Hollywood listens.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dangerous and Untouched Africans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7064476</id>
		<title>Diversity Pays</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Diversity_Pays&amp;diff=7064476"/>
		<updated>2021-03-18T14:17:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Diversity Pays==&lt;br /&gt;
Changing gears would be in Hollywood’s best interest: According to the report, movies and TV shows with fairly diverse casts bring in more at the box office and get higher ratings from audiences. However, Hollywood is still a long way from representing the diversity of the world — or even that of the United States. White people are still considerably overrepresented in front of the camera, as well as behind it. That fact, too, has an influence on how stereotypes are perpetuated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A few events in recent years have given rise to optimism that this might change. When she won the Oscar for her performance in Fences in 2017, Viola Davis became the first black woman to win the triple crown of acting over the course of career, including her two Tony Awards for stage work and the 2015 Emmy for her role in How to Get Away With Murder. In 2018, the romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians became a box office hit with an all-Asian cast. And the Vietnamese-American actor Lana Condor has the lead role in the successful teen romance To All the Boys I've Loved Before on Netflix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the figures from UCLA's Diversity Report indicate, proportionate and accurate representation is not yet the norm.  &amp;quot;We're still facing huge challenges,&amp;quot; says Kent Ono, &amp;quot;and there are always going to be people that go back to the historical trove of representation. But I'm more hopeful now than even two years ago. There are great independent people doing the work to push out those representations. And sometimes, Hollywood listens.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7064465</id>
		<title>Dangerous and Untouched Africans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7064465"/>
		<updated>2021-03-18T14:04:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Blackface and Black Characters Over Time==&lt;br /&gt;
In the early days of Hollywood, black roles were not often played by black actors, just as Asian characters were not always played by Asians. They didn't appear at all, except as caricatures performed by white actors in blackface. This trend has its origins in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, which featured a number of racial myths about black people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a long period of backlash, blackface is now much less common: in Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as a springboard for a discussion of racism at colleges throughout the United States. In contrary, ''Scary Black Man'' and ''Black Dude Die First'' characters in Hollywood soar from 1960 to 2000.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 ''What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes'']. dw.com. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Stereotype in Entertainment==&lt;br /&gt;
However, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black stars, other myths have become more prominent. To this day, black men are frequently depicted as scary or furious, and black women are frequently depicted as loudmouthed and sassy. The black best friend is almost always the token black character in a film. In addition, if characters in a film disappear, the black actor is expected to die first. And as public awareness of racial stereotypes increases, Hollywood continues to use it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If Africa is mentioned, it is portrayed as dangerous and untouched by civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The negative portrayals of black people in Hollywood often apply to black Americans. African-themed stereotypes are more unusual, partially due to the fact that few Hollywood films feature African characters. The most popular trope about Africa, according to TVTropes users, is &amp;quot;Darkest Africa,&amp;quot; which portrays the continent as a remote and dangerous remote land with only intermittent links to &amp;quot;modern&amp;quot; society. However, the representation is becoming less popular.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The False Assumptions==&lt;br /&gt;
Mary Beth Oliver is an associate professor of communication that teaches media effects, communication research, quantitative research methods, and interpersonal communication at Penn State University wrote a Journal of African American Studies titled ''&amp;quot;African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men&amp;quot;'' back in September 2003. In the study mentioned the correlation of African American men with danger and crime represents a number of causes as well as a long tradition of racism and stereotyping. The way the media (especially the news media) portrays race and crime plays a significant role in the stereotyping of black males as violent and dangerous, according to this journal. The racial biased and racial prejudice to African American who is &amp;quot;assumed&amp;quot; to be threatening and violent comes with the price such as innocent men shooting by the police officers that happen in an alarming rate. Nonetheless, the high extent at which black men have become the object of wrongfully targeted police brutality illustrates the obvious influence that race plays in misguided perceptions of risk and crime. Of course the mistaken assumptions is not only manifested in law-enforcement field but also in several aspects such as store keepers / sales person who always keep an eye for black customers in store even using racial profiling or certain racist code name for black people (see also: [[Shopping While Black]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Oliver, Mary Beth. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41819017?seq=1 ''African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men'']. jstor.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shopping While Black]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black-Targeted Racism in Brand]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7064462</id>
		<title>Dangerous and Untouched Africans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7064462"/>
		<updated>2021-03-18T14:03:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Blackface and Black Characters Over Time==&lt;br /&gt;
In the early days of Hollywood, black roles were not often played by black actors, just as Asian characters were not always played by Asians. They didn't appear at all, except as caricatures performed by white actors in blackface. This trend has its origins in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, which featured a number of racial myths about black people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a long period of backlash, blackface is now much less common: in Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as a springboard for a discussion of racism at colleges throughout the United States. In contrary, Scary Black Man and Black Dude Die First in Hollywood soar from 1960 to 2000.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 ''What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes'']. dw.com. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Stereotype in Entertainment==&lt;br /&gt;
However, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black stars, other myths have become more prominent. To this day, black men are frequently depicted as scary or furious, and black women are frequently depicted as loudmouthed and sassy. The black best friend is almost always the token black character in a film. In addition, if characters in a film disappear, the black actor is expected to die first. And as public awareness of racial stereotypes increases, Hollywood continues to use it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If Africa is mentioned, it is portrayed as dangerous and untouched by civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The negative portrayals of black people in Hollywood often apply to black Americans. African-themed stereotypes are more unusual, partially due to the fact that few Hollywood films feature African characters. The most popular trope about Africa, according to TVTropes users, is &amp;quot;Darkest Africa,&amp;quot; which portrays the continent as a remote and dangerous remote land with only intermittent links to &amp;quot;modern&amp;quot; society. However, the representation is becoming less popular.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The False Assumptions==&lt;br /&gt;
Mary Beth Oliver is an associate professor of communication that teaches media effects, communication research, quantitative research methods, and interpersonal communication at Penn State University wrote a Journal of African American Studies titled ''&amp;quot;African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men&amp;quot;'' back in September 2003. In the study mentioned the correlation of African American men with danger and crime represents a number of causes as well as a long tradition of racism and stereotyping. The way the media (especially the news media) portrays race and crime plays a significant role in the stereotyping of black males as violent and dangerous, according to this journal. The racial biased and racial prejudice to African American who is &amp;quot;assumed&amp;quot; to be threatening and violent comes with the price such as innocent men shooting by the police officers that happen in an alarming rate. Nonetheless, the high extent at which black men have become the object of wrongfully targeted police brutality illustrates the obvious influence that race plays in misguided perceptions of risk and crime. Of course the mistaken assumptions is not only manifested in law-enforcement field but also in several aspects such as store keepers / sales person who always keep an eye for black customers in store even using racial profiling or certain racist code name for black people (see also: [[Shopping While Black]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Oliver, Mary Beth. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41819017?seq=1 ''African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men'']. jstor.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shopping While Black]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black-Targeted Racism in Brand]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7039354</id>
		<title>Dangerous and Untouched Africans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dangerous_and_Untouched_Africans&amp;diff=7039354"/>
		<updated>2021-03-18T01:05:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
As with Asians, black characters often weren't played by black people in the early days of Hollywood. In fact, they barely appeared at all, except as caricatures played by white actors in blackface. This practice originated in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, in which racist stereotypes about black people were a staple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blackface occurs much less frequently now, after a long period of criticism of the practice: In Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as the basis for a discussion of racism at colleges across the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black actors, it has also emphasized other stereotypes. To this day, black men are often portrayed as scary or angry and black women as loudmouthed and sassy. If a movie features one token black character, it's likely to be the black best friend. And, if people die in a movie, the black character is still likely to go first. Even with awareness of racial stereotypes rising, Hollywood persists with these tropes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If Africa is featured, it's dangerous and untouched by civilization&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hollywood's stereotypical depictions of black people mostly refer to black Americans. Tropes that are about Africans are rarer, partly because few Hollywood movies have African characters. The most common trope about Africa, though, is what TVTropes users have dubbed &amp;quot;Darkest Africa&amp;quot;: Movies portraying the continent as a mysterious and dangerous isolated land with only limited ties to &amp;quot;modern&amp;quot; civilization. That depiction has become less common, however.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The False Assumptions==&lt;br /&gt;
Mary Beth Oliver is an associate professor of communication that teaches media effects, communication research, quantitative research methods, and interpersonal communication at Penn State University wrote a Journal of African American Studies titled ''&amp;quot;African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men&amp;quot;'' back in September 2003. In the study mentioned the correlation of African American men with danger and crime represents a number of causes as well as a long tradition of racism and stereotyping. The way the media (especially the news media) portrays race and crime plays a significant role in the stereotyping of black males as violent and dangerous, according to this journal. The racial biased and racial prejudice to African American who is &amp;quot;assumed&amp;quot; to be threatening and violent comes with the price such as innocent men shooting by the police officers that happen in an alarming rate. Nonetheless, the high extent at which black men have become the object of wrongfully targeted police brutality illustrates the obvious influence that race plays in misguided perceptions of risk and crime. Of course the mistaken assumptions is not only manifested in law-enforcement field but also in several aspects such as store keepers / sales person who always keep an eye for black customers in store even using racial profiling or certain racist code name for black people (see also: [[Shopping While Black]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Oliver, Mary Beth. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41819017?seq=1 ''African American Men as &amp;quot;Criminal and Dangerous&amp;quot;: Implications of Media Portrayals of Crime on the &amp;quot;Criminalization&amp;quot; of African American Men'']. jstor.org. September 2003. Retrieved March 17, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shopping While Black]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black-Targeted Racism in Brand]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Racism in Folklore]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Whoopee!&amp;diff=6891689</id>
		<title>Whoopee!</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Whoopee!&amp;diff=6891689"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T14:43:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Whoopee poster.jpg|250px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Whoopee!''' is a 1930 comedy film created by Florenz Ziegfeld, Samuel Goldwyn. Directed by Thornton Freeland and released October 5, 1930. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Cantor Eddie Cantor], Ethel Shutta, Paul Gregory, and Eleanor Hunt star in this film directed by Thornton Freeland and released on October 5, 1930. It was shot in Technicolor in two colors. Its plot is based on Florenz Ziegfeld's 1928 Broadway production.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whoopee!_ Whoopee!]. Retrieved December 29, 2020.(film)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whoopee was part of a wave of “all-singing, all-dancing” musicals that hit the U.S. with the advent of talking pictures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
Sally Morgan has long been in love with Wanenis, an Indian who lives near her father's ranch, but her father has persuaded her to marry Sheriff Bob Wells while Wanenis is away learning white man's ways. Sally, who hopes to persuade Wanenis to elope with her, convinces Henry Williams (Eddie Cantor), a kind-hearted hypochondriac who lives on the ranch, to drive her away in his ramshackle Ford. Sally and Henry run out of gas while being pursued by her father and Wells, so they rob gas from a car belonging to Jerome Underwood, whose ranch they later visit for food. When Wells and his deputies arrive at the ranch, Henry, who is now working as a chef, wears blackface to conceal his identity. He somehow manages to elude the sheriff and seeks shelter on an Indian reservation. Wanenis has betrayed white society, thinking that his race prevents him from loving Sally, and Sally is about to be abducted by her father when Matafay, an Indian woman who is to marry Wanenis, causes Chief Black Eagle to discover the truth: Wanenis was the orphaned baby son of a white couple who died. Sally's father now agrees to the engagement, and Henry proposes to Mary Custer, his faithful nurse.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95738/whoopee#synopsis Whoopee!], Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Whoopee.jpg|250px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Blackface==&lt;br /&gt;
The Museum of Modern Art in New York had recently found a print of the film in a Czech film archive and will be working on a revival and future re-issue, according to a 2 Jul 1971 DV post. According to the source, a print of the film was stored in a Berlin archive, but when Russian troops took hold of that part of the city in 1945, they seized the archive and used the Ferrania color process to move the original nitrate print onto safety stock. When the film was resurrected for a Los Angeles screening in 1977, the racist prejudices, including Cantor's scene in blackface, were denounced, according to news reports.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/1766 WHOOPEE!], AFI Catalog. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the outset, blackface displays were considered offensive. For decades, civil rights groups have publicly criticized blackface, claiming that it dehumanizes black people by introducing and reinforcing ethnic prejudices.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Holland, Jesse J. [https://komonews.com/news/nation-world/ap-explains-racist-history-of-blackface-began-in-the-1830s-02-05-2019 AP Explains: Racist history of blackface began in the 1830s], komonews.com, 6 February 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Awards==&lt;br /&gt;
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction by Richard Day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Whoopee! at [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0021549/trivia?ref_=tt_trv_trv IMDb]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Watch Makin' Whoopee song performed by Eddie Cantor at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRciE-WSoXM Youtube]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Comedy Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=China_Central_Television_(CCTV)&amp;diff=6891577</id>
		<title>China Central Television (CCTV)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=China_Central_Television_(CCTV)&amp;diff=6891577"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T14:36:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:China Central Television HQ, from China World Trade Centre.jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;China Central Television&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; (CCTV) is the People's Republic of China's national terrestrial television network. It is open to both cable and satellite television audiences and streams a number of programming from China Central Television Headquarters on East 3rd Ring Road in Beijing.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.tvchinese.net/cctv/cctv1/ TV Chinese]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Chinese Communist Party's mouthpiece, CCTV, was established on May 1, 1958 as a state-owned news and public opinion steering agency. CCTV covers a range of roles, including news distribution, social education, culture, and entertainment information. It is accountable to both the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee and the State Council as a state television channel.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television#cite_note-Zhu2010-4 China Central Television]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CCTV has a network of 50 channels that broadcast a variety of programs to over one billion audiences in six foreign languages. The bulk of its services are a blend of news, documentary, social education, comedy, entertainment, and drama, with Chinese soap operas and entertainment accounting for the majority of them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The CCTV New Year's Gala, also known as the Spring Festival Gala, an annual variety show broadcast for the Lunar New Year, drew international backlash in 2018 for its racist caricatures and a plot line about Africans' appreciation for China.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Chinese New Year Gala.jpg|300px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
The notorious skit starts with an African-themed dance set to Colombian singer Shakira's &amp;quot;Waka Waka&amp;quot; (This Time for Africa). African-style dances of dark-skinned men and &amp;quot;animals.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Chinese-built railway connecting Mombasa and Nairobi has just opened in the gala's New Year's skit, and a railway trainer, played by the gala's Chinese co-host, compliments a group of African train attendants on their command of Chinese.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:CCTV new year gala.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
The trainer explains that he's planning to marry his Chinese fiancée later that day, but a young African woman — another train attendant — convinces him to say they're in love in order to avoid a blind date set up by her mother, played by Chinese actress Lou Naiming, who plays a Kenyan mother looking for a husband for her young daughter in blackface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The groom's older brother makes a joke about African transportation as he returns. “I rented an African public bike [a giraffe] when I got off the plane,” his brother said, referring to an actor dressed as a giraffe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The African attendant is compelled to tell her mother that she cheated to get out of the blind date when the trainer's Chinese bride arrives.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Solomon, Salem. [https://www.voanews.com/africa/chinese-new-year-skit-sparks-backlash-over-relationship-africa Chinese New Year Skit Sparks Backlash Over Relationship with Africa], VOA, 18 February 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Why is it Controversial?==&lt;br /&gt;
The skit aired during the 2018 edition of the CCTV New Year's Gala – also known as the Spring Festival Gala – an annual variety show broadcast for the Lunar New Year that draws up to 800 million viewers.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wilkinson, James. [https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2133558/racist-chinese-spring-festival-gala-tv-show-causes-consternation ‘Racist’ Chinese Spring Festival Gala TV show causes uproar over ‘blackface and big bottoms’], South China Morning Post scmp.com, 16 February 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 13-minute segment ignited controversy online for depicting an African character with a Chinese actor clad in blackface and giant fake buttocks. Several dozen African performers, a Chinese co-host, and several actors dressed as animals, including a Cote d'Ivoire actor in a monkey suit, were also included in this skit.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Solomon, Salem. [https://www.voanews.com/africa/chinese-new-year-skit-sparks-backlash-over-relationship-africa Chinese New Year Skit Sparks Backlash Over Relationship with Africa], VOA, 18 February 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
The skit sparked outrage on social media, with fans from all over the world sharing their shock and indignation. Hansi Lo Wang, a National Public Radio (NPR) correspondent, pointed out the ethnic stereotypes. &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Happy Lunar New Year! China’s most-watched TV event kicked it off with blackface &amp;amp; racial stereotypes in a skit about a worker for a Chinese-built railway in Kenya trying to get out of a blind date!&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/hansilowang/status/964364320749494272 Hansi Lo Wang Twitter]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Chinese citizen herself express her disgust to the skit by tweeting, &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;CCTV’s racist show during Spring Gala shook me and made me so ashamed of China and my people. They literally had blackface on stage, had an African actor to play a monkey and a African actress yelling “I love China!” Racism is global y’all...&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/iamHuizit/status/964312803573141504 Huizit Twitter]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the video at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8ehjt-ZH_o Youtube]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
13 minutes video at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siEPxHafx-4&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be Youtube]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Skit]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Starbucks&amp;diff=6891391</id>
		<title>Starbucks</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Starbucks&amp;diff=6891391"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T14:19:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Starbucks Logo.png|thumb|150px|Starbucks Logo]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Starbucks Corporation''', based in Seattle, Washington, is an American international coffeehouse and roastery chain. Starbucks, as the world's biggest coffeehouse chain, is widely regarded as the face of America's second wave of coffee culture.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sacks, Danielle. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3033306/the-multimillion-dollar-quest-to-brew-the-perfect-cup-of-coffee The Multimillion Dollar Quest To Brew The Perfect Cup Of Coffee], Fast Company, 18 August 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Starbucks Seattle 1912 pike store.jpg|thumb|Starbucks 1912 Pike Place, Seattle, USA (September 28, 2015)]]&lt;br /&gt;
Starbucks first opened its doors in 1971. The firm had just one store at the time, in Seattle's historic Pike Place Market. Starbucks served some of the world's best fresh-roasted whole bean coffees from a small boutique. The name was influenced by Moby Dick and evoked the romance of the high seas as well as the early coffee traders' seafaring culture. Howard Schultz (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Starbucks) first walked into a Starbucks store in 1981. Howard was attracted to Starbucks by his first cup of Sumatra and entered a year later. Howard toured Italy in 1983 and became enamored of Italian coffee shops and the romance of the coffee experience. He had a dream of reintroducing the Italian coffeehouse culture to America. A gathering spot for chat and camaraderie. Between work and house, there is a third choice. He briefly quit Starbucks to open his own Il Giornale coffeehouses, then returned in August 1987 to buy the company with the help of local investors.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information Company Information], Starbucks. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Now Starbucks operating across 80 markets with total 30,000 stores (as of June 30, 2019).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/starbucks-company-profile Starbucks Company Profile], Starbucks. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:African American men arrested in Starbucks Philadelphia.png|250px|thumb|Captured from social media video shown 2 African American men arrested at Starbucks Philadelphia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Rashon Nelson and Donte Robinson.jpg|thumb|Rashon Nelson, left, listens as and Donte Robinson, right, addresses a reporter’s question during an interview with the Associated Press in Philadelphia. Photograph: Jacqueline Larma/AP]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Racist Incident at Philadelphia==&lt;br /&gt;
On April 12, 2018, two African American entrepreneurs convened at a Starbucks in Philadelphia's Rittenhouse Square neighborhood for a business lunch. They sat without eating as they expected a local businessman to come for the conference. Despite the fact that they were not being abusive or offensive, the shop manager called 911 on them. When the cops came shortly after the call was made and they arrested the young men.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://store.hbr.org/product/starbucks-reaffirming-commitment-to-the-third-place-ideal/920016?sku=920016-PDF-ENG Starbucks: Reaffirming Commitment to the Third Place Ideal], Harvard Business School, November 25, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Melissa DePino, a young woman who also sits inside Starbucks, reported this incident. Melissa DePino testified that the other day she stayed for hours without being asked to buy something or leave. She testified that the two men did nothing illegal and did not cause any disruptions. The store manager ordered them to go, but they declined because they were already waiting for another man to appear for their business meeting. Then, the store manager called 911 to report them for trespassing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The two men were then apprehended and handcuffed by officers. As seen in the footage, these two men displayed no resistance during the incident, suggesting that they did not resist arrest. Both men were eventually released, and the charges against them — trespassing and disturbing the peace — were dropped later that evening. Since Starbucks asked not to file charges, Philadelphia District Attorney Larry Krasner declined to sue. Starbucks was chastised by Philadelphia Mayor Jim Kenney, who said the incident &amp;quot;appears to exemplify what racial injustice feels like in 2018.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hutchinson, Bill. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/starbucks-ceo-kevin-johnson-orders-unconscious-bias-training/story?id=54496139 Starbucks manager who made call resulting in black men's arrests no longer works for company], ABC News, 17 April 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The event was also criticized by Reggie Shuford, executive director of the ACLU (''American Civil Liberties Union'') of Pennsylvania, who said in a statement today that &amp;quot;it shows that black people can't even 'wait until black.'&amp;quot; &amp;quot;By handling these men and all of its customers in this unjust and demeaning manner, Starbucks has disappointed these men and all of its customers,&amp;quot; Shuford said. &amp;quot;There was no need for police action, according to all eyewitness reports. Starbucks workers treated these men with contempt.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hutchinson, Bill. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/starbucks-ceo-kevin-johnson-orders-unconscious-bias-training/story?id=54496139 Starbucks manager who made call resulting in black men's arrests no longer works for company], ABC News, 17 April 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Starbucks Protest at Philadelphia 2018 2.jpg|thumb|Protesters inside the Starbucks in Philadelphia. Photograph: Jacqueline Larma/AP]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Starbucks Protest at Philadelphia 2018.jpg|thumb|Starbucks Protest at Philadelphia 2018. Photo: Agence France-Presse]]&lt;br /&gt;
==The Protests and #BoycottStarbucks==&lt;br /&gt;
This racist incident has sparked mass outrage and demonstrations. Protesters met at a downtown Philadelphia Starbucks on Sunday, and then organized a sit-in inside the store. &amp;quot;Today, we don't want Starbucks to make more profits. That is our objective &amp;quot;The Associated Press spoke with Abdul-Aliy Muhammad, one of the protest's organisers and co-founder of the Black and Brown Workers Collective. The protesters had requested that Starbucks fire the store's manager. Later, the store manager resigned from Starbucks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not satisfied with the local protests, internet users created the hashtag #BoycottStarbucks and encouraged people to shop at other coffee shops or at black-owned cafes. &amp;quot;Let's make one thing really clear....This is not a boycott @Starbucks case,&amp;quot; Kevin Hart tweeted in reaction to the incident. This is terrible management. The on-duty manager was wrong. It's that simple...That's who needs to take responsibility for this wrong doing.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/KevinHart4real/status/985556234387578881 Kevin Hart official twitter]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
Starbucks apologized on [https://twitter.com/Starbucks/status/985200942030012416 Twitter] the day after the incident at Starbucks Philadelphia and issued an official press release on their website.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;First and foremost, we want to offer our heartfelt condolences to the two men who were arrested, and we want to do whatever we can to make it right. Second, we want to inform you of our efforts to look at the relevant details and make the possible updates to our procedures to help deter this from happening again. Third, I want to tell you that Starbucks is opposed to discrimination and racial profiling.&amp;quot; Starbucks CEO Kevin Johnson said in an official [https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2018/starbucks-ceo-reprehensible-outcome-in-philadelphia-incident/ press release]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starbucks has acknowledged that calling the cops on the two men was inappropriate, and that the incident should not represent the company's mission and values. &amp;quot;Customers' video is difficult to watch, and the acts shown in it are not reflective of Starbucks' mission and values. Every shop must aim to build a healthy and friendly atmosphere for all customers. Unfortunately, our procedures and preparation resulted in a negative result: the basis for the call to the Philadelphia police department was incorrect &amp;quot;, add Kevin Johnson in his statement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kevin Johnson also make a promise will learn from this and be better and conduct training for all employees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Starbucks' Racial Bias Training==&lt;br /&gt;
Starbucks closed more than 8,000 outlets on Tuesday, May 29 2018 to train about 175,000 employees against racial profiling as a result of a violent incident in Philadelphia, an extraordinary public operation that highlights America's continuing battle with bigotry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;This was a foundational step in renewing Starbucks as a place where ALL people feel welcome. Starbucks partners shared life experiences, heard from others, listened to experts on bias and racial anxiety, reflecting on the realities of bias in our society and talking about how all of us can work together to create public spaces where everyone feels like they belong.&amp;quot;, written as an opening for Starbucks Racial Bias Training&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2018/thethirdplace/ The Third Place: Our Commitment, Renewed], Starbucks, 30 May 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More than 175,000 Starbucks workers took part in a mandatory racial bias outreach campaign on May 29, 2018 at thousands of outlets around the United States, as part of an effort sparked by the Philadelphia event. Starbucks employees gathered around a few iPads to watch nearly two dozen videos featuring Common, documentary filmmaker Stanley Nelson, Starbucks executives and other prominent figures, while engaged in a wide-ranging conversation on race and identity with their peers. Starbucks' position as a &amp;quot;third place&amp;quot; for some members of the society, akin to a home and office, was stressed in the curriculum, with a focus on inspiring some workers to become &amp;quot;color brave&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;color blind.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Calfas, Jennifer. [https://time.com/5294343/starbucks-employees-racial-bias-training/ Was Starbucks' Racial Bias Training Effective? Here's What These Employees Thought], Time, 30 May 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Original video from Melissa DePino [https://twitter.com/missydepino/status/984539713016094721 Twitter], April 13, 2018.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Watch Starbucks' CEO Kevin Johnson interview with [https://abcn.ws/2H64uQd ABC News]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Rashon Nelson and Donte Robinson interview after the incident at [https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/apr/19/starbucks-black-men-feared-for-lives-philadelphia The Guardian]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Starbucks Official Statement, [https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2018/starbucks-ceo-reprehensible-outcome-in-philadelphia-incident/ Starbucks ceo: Reprehensible outcome in Philadelphia incident]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2018/starbucks-to-close-stores-nationwide-for-racial-bias-education-may-29/ Starbucks Press Release for Racial Bias Training]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2018/thethirdplace/ Starbucks Full Curriculum for Racial Bias Training]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Brand]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Brand]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Staatsballett_Berlin&amp;diff=6890996</id>
		<title>The Staatsballett Berlin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Staatsballett_Berlin&amp;diff=6890996"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T13:47:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Staatsballett Berlin 2018.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Staatsballett Berlin''' (german), also known as The Berlin State Ballet is the principal ballet company in the German capital of Berlin. It was formed in 2004 as a result of a merger of the city's three opera houses' separate ballet companies at a period when the city was facing financial difficulties. With about 90 dancers, it is one of the biggest ballet companies in Western Europe.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_State_Ballet The Berlin State Ballet]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dancer and choreographer Vladimir Malakhov, the Berlin State Ballet's first general and artistic director, was a director of the ballet at the Berlin Opera until the two companies combined to form the Berlin State Ballet. He was the company's director for ten years, and during that period he established a blended repertoire of classical and contemporary choreography. Malakhov, a star dancer himself, was not only in charge, but still performing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After Malakhov, Nacho Duato, a renowned choreographer and ballet director, took over as Artistic Director of the Staatsballett Berlin in the 2014/2015 season. He not only brings a wealth of expertise, but he will also be incorporating his own well regarded choreographies into the company's work.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.visitberlin.de/en/staatsballett-berlin Visit Berlin]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nacho Duato takes over as Artistic Director from Russian star dancer Vladimir Malakhov, who is known for his stage charm as well as his gravity-defying leaps that leave crowds gasping in awe. Malakhov said his goodbyes to the company with two final performances in Caravaggio and Tschaikowsky in June 2014.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.pointemagazine.com/call-board-2412800126.html Malakhov Out, Duato In at Staatsballett], Pointe Magazine, 29 November 2001. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In September 2016, Johannes Öhman was announced as the new artistic director, succeeding Nacho Duato. But, not long after his appointment, Johannes Öhman announced that he will be leaving the Berlin State Ballet in January 2021 and joining Dansens Hus, a Swedish contemporary dance organization.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Escoyne, Courtney. [https://www.staatsballett-berlin.de/en/presse/mitteilungen/27-01-2020/136 Sasha Waltz and Johannes Öhman to Leave Staatsballett Berlin], Dance Magazine, 22 January 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.staatsballett-berlin.de/en/presse/mitteilungen/27-01-2020/136 STATEMENTS BY JOHANNES ÖHMAN AND SASHA WALTZ ON THE TERMINATION OF THE DIRECTORSHIP OF THE STAATSBALLETT BERLIN], staatsballett-berlin.de, 27 January 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Following Johannes Öhman's announcement of his departure, the company is currently under the interim leadership of Dr. Christiane Theobald, a former co-artistic director.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Program==&lt;br /&gt;
The dancers of the company perform the complete ballet repertoire. All of Tchaikovsky's glorious ballets can be seen on Berlin's stages, including such classics as Giselle and Swan Lake. With performances of Sleeping Beauty and Nutcracker still on sale, many of Tchaikovsky's magnificent ballets can be seen on Berlin's stages.  However, the program contains both neo-classical and contemporary productions, such as Nacho Duato's triple bill Duato | Kylian | Naharin or Ghosts, a 2014 production based on Ibsen's popular play of the same name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Chloé Lopes Gomes.png|thumb|Chloé Lopes Gomes @pickledthoughtz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Chloé Lopes Gomes 2.png|thumb|Chloé Lopes Gomes is the Staatsballett's first Black female dancer. @pickledthoughtz]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
As the first Black female dancer in the Staatsballett Berlin when she joined in 2018, Chloé Lopes Gomes shared the humiliating and brazen discrimination she claims she faced as a ballet dancer. Gomes' claim that she was forced to whiten her skin for Swan Lake reached an especially raw nerve with dancers of color all over the world. The tradition of painting or powdering the skin white for full-length classical works is less common in the United States, but it is still common in European companies.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Howard, Theresa Ruth.[https://www.dancemagazine.com/chloe-lopes-gomes-racism-2649520212.html?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1 What the Staatsballett Berlin Case Tells Us About the Power of Artistic Staff], Dance Magazine, 16 December 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She claims the bigotry she encountered at the company started at an audition, where a classmate informed her of a racial joke made by a ballet coach. According to the coach, Lopes Gomes is very talented, but the company does not employ her because she is black, and black girls in the corps de ballet are not especially desirable. &amp;quot;She treated me unfairly because of my skin color,&amp;quot; Lopes Gomes said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Lopes Gomes was offered the role, she was shocked to find that she would be taught by the same ballet mistress who, she said, had made racial comments about hiring a Black dancer at her interview, and the verbal harassment persisted.During the rehearsals for a production of &amp;quot;La Bayadère,&amp;quot; she remembers the ballet mistress originally refusing to give her the white veil that the other dancers were given. &amp;quot;I won't give it to you because this veil is white and you are black,&amp;quot; Lopes Gomes explained, &amp;quot;and the ballet mistress began to laugh in my face, in front of my colleagues.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Lopes Gomes first joined the group, she was told she wouldn't have to whiten her skin for a role, which is a controversial tradition in classical ballets like &amp;quot;Swan Lake.&amp;quot; After Öhman left the company in January, the ballet mistress told her she would have to whiten her face, according to Lopes Gomes. &lt;br /&gt;
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After revealing the discriminatory actions she witnessed in October, Lopes Gomes said her contract with the ballet company will not be extended when it expires in July 2021. &amp;quot;The official explanation was that I don't hold the line in the corps de ballet,&amp;quot; Lopes Gomes explained. &amp;quot;I'm not artistic, and I'm not a good dancer.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hosie, Rachel.[https://www.insider.com/black-ballerina-says-told-to-whiten-skin-swan-lake-2020-12 A Black ballerina says she was told to whiten her skin for 'Swan Lake' at a major German dance company], Insider, 15 December 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
Any level of discrimination or racism in the group is intolerable, according to a statement posted on the Staatsballett Berlin website. Themis, a confidence center for victims of sexual assault and abuse, and Diversity Art Culture, a Berlin-based project management office for diversity advancement, as well as the anti-discrimination officer of a Berlin-based theatre and the Senate Department for Culture, began discussions with Staatsballett Berlin shortly after the allegations were made public. Furthermore, all Staatsballett Berlin workers would be required to attend mandatory workshops and seminars.&lt;br /&gt;
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Staatsballett Berlin also mentioned in their declaration that they are well aware that the ballet practice has historically excluded people of color. In the future, it will be the company's responsibility to double as a mirror for humanity, reflecting it in all of it's diversity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read Staatsballett Berlin Official Statement: [https://www.staatsballett-berlin.de/en/statement RACISM AT THE STAATSBALLETT BERLIN]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Chloé Lopes Gomes [https://www.staatsballett-berlin.de/de/ensemble/chloe-lopes-gomes/331 profile]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Art Performance]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=%E2%80%9CThis_is_Africa%E2%80%9D_Exhibition&amp;diff=6890842</id>
		<title>“This is Africa” Exhibition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=%E2%80%9CThis_is_Africa%E2%80%9D_Exhibition&amp;diff=6890842"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T13:35:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:This is Africa 2.jpg|thumb|Photo of an African boy side to side with gorilla at &amp;quot;This is Africa&amp;quot; exhibition]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''“This is Africa” Exhibition''' is a photo exhibition held at the Hubei Provincial Museum from 28th September until 17th October 2017. The exhibition included photographs from Africa taken by Chinese photographer Yu Huiping, with a total of 150 photographs shown over the course of three weeks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ‘This is Africa' exhibition was created to “give tourists a sense of ‘primitive life' in Africa through the interplay of humans, livestock, and nature,” according to [http://shanghaiist.com/2017/10/12/racist-african-exhibit Shangaiist] a local destination site.&lt;br /&gt;
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The photographer, who is also the vice-president of the Hubei Photographers Association, is said to be a huge fan of Africa's wildlife. He gave the exhibits the Chinese idiom &amp;quot;outward appearance follows inner truth&amp;quot; as a title.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Akwei, Ismail. [https://www.africanews.com/2017/10/17/chinese-museum-pulls-down-racist-exhibits-comparing-africans-to-animals// Chinese museum pulls down 'racist' exhibits comparing Africans to animals], africanews.com, 17 October 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:African in China exibition.jpg|thumb|Photo of African man next to photo of monkey ]]&lt;br /&gt;
Due to racial gestures toward African immigrants, this show sparked debate in society. African people were juxtaposed with images of wild animals with agape mouths, such as large cats and apes.&lt;br /&gt;
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According to the curator, the photographer's aim in making his collection was to &amp;quot;display the peace between man and animal in Africa.&amp;quot; “This is not discriminatory in the least.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;AFP. [https://hongkongfp.com/2017/10/13/china-museum-removes-photos-comparing-africans-animals-following-racism-row/ China museum removes photos comparing Africans to animals following racism row], Hong Kong Free Press, 13 October 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2020. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
According to the Shanghaiist, African social media users were outraged by the montages, which included one showing an open-mouthed African boy alongside a monkey in the same pose, and another showing a black adult man baring his teeth alongside a photograph of a lion.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Agence France-Presse. [https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/chinese-museum-removes-racist-exhibit-comparing-africans-to-animals/story-lwUZFXgwWDhdy0wCaIwDBJ.html Chinese museum removes racist exhibit comparing Africans to animals], hindustantimes.com, 14 October 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Edward E Duke, a Nigerian Instagram regular, was the first to note the inflammatory nature. He wondered why the museum &amp;quot;placed pictures of a particular race next to wild animals&amp;quot; in a message that was later deleted.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Haas, Benjamin. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/14/chinese-museum-accused-of-racism-over-photos-pairing-africans-with-animals Chinese museum accused of racism over photos pairing Africans with animals], theguardian.com, 14 October 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;It seems insensitive to me. They appeared to ridicule Africans and distort Africa, in my view &amp;quot;Samantha Sibanda, a Zimbabwean and member of the Appreciate Africa Network, shared her sentiments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Housen, Claudine.[https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1070409.shtml Africans’ call for apology over ‘racism’ overreaction: Wuhan curator], globaltimes.cn, 15 October 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The exhibit was eventually removed after complaints by Africans, including some living in China. More than 141,000 people visit the exhibit in Wuhan, which opened just before China’s week-long National Day holiday.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
“We have replaced the images that our African friends find surprising to prove our gratitude and sincerity,” said Wang Yuejun, one of the exhibit's curators. Wang also said that in Chinese culture, animal similarities are usually taken as a complement, citing the Chinese zodiac signs, which match people to animals based on their birth year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang said in a statement that the target demographic is mostly Chinese. The museum, however, realized that the photographs insulted &amp;quot;our African mates,&amp;quot; and the photos were deleted to demonstrate respect for their interests, Wang explained.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Haas, Benjamin. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/14/chinese-museum-accused-of-racism-over-photos-pairing-africans-with-animals Chinese museum accused of racism over photos pairing Africans with animals], theguardian.com, 14 October 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, in his apology, Wang blamed the dispute on distortion and over-interpretation by some online media, and he asked for everyone's understanding, especially from Africans, and vowed to continue contributing to the friendship between China and Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Really, this isn't the first time that Chinese organizations have been accused of racial insensitivity in recent years.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In 2016, the [[Qiaobi]] detergent company apologised after a television commercial for its detergent campaign depicted a black man being dragged into a washing machine and then turned into an Asian man after being cleaned with the detergent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read the official statement [https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1070409.shtml here]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the video at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ldrKmjNNlE&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be Youtube]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Arts]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Vogue_Challenge&amp;diff=6890731</id>
		<title>Vogue Challenge</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Vogue_Challenge&amp;diff=6890731"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T13:27:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Vogue-logo-font-free-download-856x484.jpg|thumb|Vogue Logo]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Vogue''' is a monthly fashion and lifestyle magazine headquartered in New York City that covers a wide range of issues such as fashion, makeup, entertainment, living, and runway. Vogue was founded as a weekly newspaper on December 17, 1892, by an American businessman named Arthur Baldwin Turnure. It started as a weekly newspaper in New York City before moving to a monthly publication years later. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Warren, Lynne. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=31VsBgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA308&amp;amp;dq=1892+Vogue&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjJiJXWmKvsAhUzQkEAHa09CQgQ6AEwAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=1892%20Vogue&amp;amp;f=false Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography, 3-Volume Set]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In July 1988, Anna Wintour became editor of Vogue and immediately transformed Vogue covers by emphasizing the woman’s body, rather than just her face, as well as by frequently featuring Hollywood actresses as opposed to traditional fashion models, thereby sparking an international trend. Wintour also began Teen Vogue (2003) and Men’s Vogue (2005–2008) in the United States.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vogue-American-magazine Vogue], Britannica, 1 December 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Racism in Vogue==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vogue kong.jpg|thumb|Vogue Cover April 2008]]&lt;br /&gt;
Anna Wintour took over as editor of Vogue in July 1988, and quickly changed the magazine's covers by highlighting the woman's body rather than just her face, and by regularly showcasing Hollywood celebrities rather than conventional fashion models, igniting an international trend. In the United States, Wintour founded Teen Vogue (2003) and Men's Vogue (2005–2008).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Lee, Edmund. [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/business/media/anna-wintour-vogue-race.html?smid=tw-nytimes&amp;amp;smtyp=cur The White Issue: Has Anna Wintour’s Diversity Push Come Too Late?], The New York Times, 24 October 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Employees at Condé Nast went public with their concerns over the company's treatment of race this summer, but Anna Wintour has previously been chastised over Vogue's portrayals of Black people, including the use of tropes and racial exploitation in photo shoots.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many Black people who worked with Anna Wintour say they feel so out of place in her world that they developed white alter egos only to get through the day, reconditioning their presentation and dress in an emotionally exhausting way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anna Wintour, according to other people of color interviewed, made positive improvements and elevated them to top jobs. Naomi Campbell, one of the first Black supermodels, defended Wintour, who was on the cover of the editor's first September issue in 1989.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gisele Bündchen and basketball player LeBron James were featured on the cover of American Vogue in April 2008, photographed by Annie Leibovitz. Vogue featured a male on the cover of the American issue for the third time (the other two males were actors George Clooney and Richard Gere), and the first time that the man was black. Some critics slammed the cover for portraying James in a prejudicial light since his pose with Bündchen was reminiscent of a poster for the film King Kong.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Scott, Megan K. [https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2008-03-24-vogue-controversy_N.htm LeBron James' 'Vogue' cover called racially insensitive[, USA Today,24 March 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Edward Enninful.jpg|thumb|Edward Enninful the First Black Editor in Vogue. Photograph: Rex/Shutterstock]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tyler mitchell vogue cover.jpg|thumb|Vogue Cover August 2018 Issue, Photographed by Tyler Mitchell the First Black Photographer in Vogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vogue Challenge 2.png|thumb|#VogueChallenge by Photographer Mutua Matheka from Kenya]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
Protests in the United States about the killing of an unarmed black man, George Floyd, by police have sparked a national conversation around social inequality, bringing pressure on big brands and business figures to do more to promote change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anna Wintour, Vogue's editor-in-chief, apologized for the magazine's &amp;quot;hurtful and intolerant&amp;quot; faults over her 30-year tenure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In an internal memo widely published in the media, Wintour said, &amp;quot;I want to say clearly that I know Vogue has not found enough avenues to elevate and offer room to black reporters, authors, artists, models, and other producers.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;We've all made mistakes, such as posting hurtful or intolerant photographs or posts. I accept ultimate responsibility for my mistakes.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Milne, Amber.[https://news.trust.org/item/20200612151927-kevqa/?source=package&amp;amp;id=f0db0a89-8700-41a7-80e2-98933edadc06 Models, stylists and photographers post their own take on iconic magazine cover as industry reacts to George Floyd protests], Thomson Reuters Foundation, 12 June 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The New York Times has released a new report into Vogue's latest campaign for diversity, and it investigates why these measures are &amp;quot;too late.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Ahlgrim, Callie. [https://www.insider.com/anna-wintour-vogue-racist-work-environment-new-york-times-report-2020-10 Former Black staffers call for Anna Wintour to surrender control of Vogue, citing the magazine's racist work environment], Insider, 25 October 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Colored People Contribution in Vogue==&lt;br /&gt;
As we all know, colored people make up a small percentage of the apparel industry. Edward Enninful, the magazine's current chief editor, was not only the magazine's first male but also the first black editor. On August 1st, 2017, he was selected. He was born in Ghana and moved to London with his family when he was a teenager.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2017/04/12/british-vogue-gets-new-chief-editor-after-25-years.html British Vogue gets new chief editor after 25 years], The Jakarta Post, 12 April 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“It would be disingenuous of me not to find out that I am the first black person to ever receive this prize – the first black person in 40 years,” Enninful said in accepting the PPA Editor of the Year for a consumer magazine award in July 2020. Our commissioning is becoming more diverse, as are our pages. &amp;quot;However, what is inside our offices?&amp;quot; Who are we going to hire? How are we bringing up? Who do we want to promote? How do we handle people in our workplaces? Who is allowed to reach the top?”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the BBC, when he first started at Vogue three years ago, he said that he wanted the publication to represent diversity and that he was interested in “showing diverse people, different body types, different ages, different classes [and] tackling gender.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;McCulloch, Adam.[https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/british-vogue-editor-told-to-use-loading-bay-to-enter-office/ ''British Vogue editor racially profiled at his workplace'']. 16 July 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tyler Mitchell, a 23-year-old Atlanta photographer who took the first African-American Vogue cover in the magazine's 125-year history. Mitchell had previously collaborated with TeenVogue on a cover and other items for the publication, but he said landing the Vogue cover was a major accomplishment. Tyler also shot the cover of Vogue's August 2018 issue, which featured pop diva Beyonce.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;David, Wynne. [https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2018/08/29/639322438/tyler-mitchell-on-being-the-first-african-american-to-photograph-a-vogue-cover#:~:text=That%20credit%20goes%20to%20Tyler,the%20magazine's%20125%2Dyear%20history. Tyler Mitchell On Being The First African-American To Photograph A 'Vogue' Cover], NPR, 29 August 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vogue Challenge.png|thumb|#VogueChallenge by Creative Consultant Kabutha Kago from Kenya]]&lt;br /&gt;
==#VogueChallenge an Anti-Black Racism Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
In response to the fashion industry's bias, which has left no room for people of color to participate, Black models, stylists, and photographers have taken to social media to share their own versions of Vogue covers, insisting that the industry reform to ensure better diversity and opportunity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Vogue Challenge,&amp;quot; which went viral on social media, featured black fashion photographers, models, designers, stylists, and make-up artists reimagining the classic magazine's cover.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a thread about the challenge, Micah Butler, artistic director of fashion brand Kings Arise Clothes, said, &amp;quot;For way too long in the fashion industry, the doors have been closed to too many black men and women.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Our society is often welcomed, but we are frequently left out. My dream is that things will start to improve. We need to see concrete outcomes &amp;quot;he continued.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Milne, Amber.[https://news.trust.org/item/20200612151927-kevqa/?source=package&amp;amp;id=f0db0a89-8700-41a7-80e2-98933edadc06 Models, stylists and photographers post their own take on iconic magazine cover as industry reacts to George Floyd protests], Thomson Reuters Foundation, 12 June 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
''#VogueChallenge'' by [https://twitter.com/truthslinger/status/1271395232488308743 Mutua Matheka]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''#VogueChallenge'' by [https://twitter.com/muthamakey/status/1271012092670246912 Kabutha Kago]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''#VogueChallenge'' on [https://twitter.com/hashtag/VogueChallenge?src=hashtag_click Twitter]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Vogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Racial bias in Workplace]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Victoria%E2%80%99s_Secret&amp;diff=6889743</id>
		<title>Victoria’s Secret</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Victoria%E2%80%99s_Secret&amp;diff=6889743"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T12:11:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Victoria's Secret logo.jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Victoria’s Secret''' is a lingerie, apparel, and beauty store located in the United States that is renowned for its high-profile promotion and branding, which starts with a famous collection and culminates with an annual fashion show featuring supermodels known as Angels. The brand has suffered since 2016 as the largest manufacturer of lingerie in the United States, leading to changing market tastes and continuing debate around corporatization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The company's five lingerie stores were sold to Leslie Wexner in 1982, after Roy and Gaye Raymond founded it in 1977. Wexner soon moved into American shopping centers, rising to 350 stores nationwide and $1 billion in revenue by the early 1990s, when Victoria's Secret became the country's biggest lingerie chain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From 1995 to 2018, the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, which featured an annual runway showcase of models advertised by the company as dream Angels, was an important part of the brand's image. The company's growth into shopping malls continued in the 1990s, with the launch of the wonder bra, the modern brand Body by Victoria, and the development of a line of fragrances and cosmetics. In 2002, Victoria's Secret revealed the launch of PINK, a brand targeted at teenagers. Victoria's Secret began expanding globally in 2008, with retail branches in international airports, franchises in big cities across the world, and company-owned shops around Canada and the United Kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 2016, Victoria's Secret's market share had begun to dwindle, giving way to a growing audience demand for athleisure. In 2016, the company discontinued the distribution of their well-known collection. Following persistent backlash and uproar about the unsavory activities and industry policies of corporate leadership under Wexner and Ed Razek, the company failed to retain its market share.Victoria's Secret remained the largest lingerie store in the United States as of May 2020, with over 1,070 outlets. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, parent company L Brands announced the closing of 250 Victoria's Secret and Pink stores in 2020, a roughly 25% drop in total retail outlets.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret Victoria’s Secret]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Controversy==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Victorias-secret-fashion-show-cultural-appropriation-2010-emanuela-de-paulo.jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
2010&lt;br /&gt;
In 2010, Victoria's Secret introduced a segment called &amp;quot;Wild Things&amp;quot; in 2010. Animal-print lingerie was worn by models, including Emanuela De Paulo, who was accompanied by men clad in printed sarongs and wrap skirts. Many of the models, both male and female, were wrapped in black curves, circles, and other designs intended to imitate indigenous people's body art.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Matera, Avery. [https://www.teenvogue.com/gallery/victorias-secret-fashion-show-cultural-appropriation/amp 5 Times Victoria’s Secret Was Accused of Cultural Appropriation], Teen Vogue, 7 November 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Kimberly Houzah Victorias Secret Alabama Incident.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
In 2016, a woman named Kimberly Houzah posted a video on Facebook claiming that she and another black woman were ordered to leave the store by someone she mistook for a boss after one black woman was found shoplifting at the store in Alabama.According to Houzah's footage, the incident began on Wednesday at the Quintard Mall in Oxford, when a third African-American woman was reportedly accused of shoplifting. According to Houzah, the manager then informed her and another black woman that they had to leave the shop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to racist prejudices, this video sparked uproar in society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
Victoria's Secret said on Facebook, &amp;quot;We take our customer's experience at the Quintard Mall very seriously and have reached out to her personally to share our heartfelt apologies.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;What occurred at our shop should not have occurred, and it does not represent who we are or what we stand for.&amp;quot; The store associate who was involved in this incident has since left the organization. Victoria's Secret is passionate in treating all consumers with honesty and respect at all times, regardless of race.&amp;quot; CNN attempted to contact Victoria's Secret for comment about how the employee left the firm but received no response.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Almasy, Steve. [https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/09/us/victorias-secret-black-customer-apology/index.html Victoria's Secret apologizes to customer who says she was racially profiled], cnn.com, 9 December 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=GAP&amp;diff=6889630</id>
		<title>GAP</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=GAP&amp;diff=6889630"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T12:03:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:GAP Logo.png|thumb|GAP Logo]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Gap, Inc.''', (stylized as GAP) is an American apparel and accessory store with a global footprint.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Donald Fisher and Doris F. Fisher founded Gap in 1969, and it is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Gap (the namesake banner), Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, Hill City, and Athleta are the company's six main divisions. Gap Inc. is the biggest niche retailer in the United States and ranks third globally, after Inditex Group and H&amp;amp;M, in terms of overall locations. The company has approximately 135,000 employees and operates 3,727 stores worldwide, 2,406 of it are located in the U.S as per September 2008.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_Inc.#cite_note-7 GAP inc.]. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a post on Gap's Facebook page, on April 3rd, 2016, GAP launched a campaign in conjunction with Ellen Degeneres' lifestyle brand ED to inspire girls everywhere to be themselves.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kim, Susanna. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/gap-pulls-ad-called-racist-apologizes-critics/story?id=38190519 Gap Pulls Ad Called 'Racist,' Apologizes to Critics], ABC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The advertisement in question shows four young girls who are members of Le Petit Cirque, a traveling circus that includes boys and girls aged 5 to 14.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kell, John. [https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/273593 Gap Apologizes for 'Racist' Ad], Entrepreneur, 5 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Two white girls were seen in incredible acrobatic poses in the #GapKidsxED promotional commercial, while a black girl stood passively while a third white girl using her head as an armrest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Heilpern, Will.[https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-has-apologized-over-an-ad-for-its-kids-clothing-line-that-people-said-was-racist-2016-4 Gap has apologized over an ad for its kids clothing line that people said was racist], Business Insider, 5 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GAP AD.png|thumb|Gap Controversial Ad, 3 April 2016]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GAP AD 2.png|thumb|Gap Ad 2015]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Meet the kids who are proving that girls can do anything,&amp;quot; read the caption on the frame. The photo drew immediate criticism from Twitter users:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids proving girls can do anything... unless she's Black. Then all she can do is bear the weight of White girls. #EpicFail -@TheTherapyDiva''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids What is the message for Black girls? Are they meant to be seen as subordinate? Shame on you, Gap! -@eight4878''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids Thanks for perfectly illustrating what 'passive racism' looks like in mainstream media. #DiversiryFail She is NOT your arm rest. 😑 -@Jmo120''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids she doesn't even look happy in this photo. She's busy being treated like furniture. Subliminal Racism. -@CosmicIfe''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kirsten West Savali writes in The Root, a black culture publication, that the ad exacerbates &amp;quot;the sense that our black bodies are undervalued and placed to act as props upon which white bodies can be best praised and revered.&amp;quot; For her, the negative feedback she received on social media was &amp;quot;valid&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35968787 Is this Gap advert racist?], BBC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; “While all of the children are cute, and yes, all of them can grow up to be and do anything,” Kirsten West Savali continued, “it becomes troublesome when the black kid is placed to be a white child's prop.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beer, Jeff. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3058611/gap-apologizes-for-kids-ad-controversy-swaps-image Gap Apologizes For Kids Ad Controversy, Swaps Image], Fast Company, 4 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The plot was given a different spin by a black film producer. Side by side with the latest clip, Matthew A. Cherry tweeted a photo from an old Gap marketing campaign showing a tall black girl leaning her arm on the head of a shorter white girl. He inquired, &amp;quot;Does the picture on the left make the picture on the right OK?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/MatthewACherry/status/716753585552302080 @MatthewACherry Twitter]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Gap-ad-2 replacement.jpg|thumb|GAP Ad Replacement After the Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
GAP opted to replace the picture of the marketing campaign and apologized just one day after the backlash began.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a statement, a Gap spokesperson said, &amp;quot;As a company with a proud 46-year legacy of championing equity and inclusivity, we respect the dialogue that has taken place and apologize to everyone we've offended.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;True stories of talented girls who are celebrating artistic self-expression and expressing their messages of inspiration are included in this GapKids campaign. We've replaced the picture with a new image from the campaign, which inspires girls (and boys) all over the world to be themselves and proud of their individuality.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kim, Susanna. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/gap-pulls-ad-called-racist-apologizes-critics/story?id=38190519 Gap Pulls Ad Called 'Racist,' Apologizes to Critics], ABC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, it has been revealed that the two girls in the notorious pose are adoptive mothers. Brooke Smith (Ray Donovan, Grey's Anatomy) is their mother, who also went public on social media to give certain details.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beer, Jeff. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3058611/gap-apologizes-for-kids-ad-controversy-swaps-image Gap Apologizes For Kids Ad Controversy, Swaps Image], Fast Company, 4 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
The ad at [https://twitter.com/GapKids/status/716324354670403585 GAP Official Twitter]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gap older campaign at 2015 [https://twitter.com/MatthewACherry/status/716753585552302080 @MatthewACherry Twitter]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Pears%E2%80%99_Soap&amp;diff=6889597</id>
		<title>Pears’ Soap</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Pears%E2%80%99_Soap&amp;diff=6889597"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T12:00:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Pears soap logo.png|thumb|Pears Brand Logo]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Pears’ Soap''' is a brand of soap by Andrew Pears that first produced and sold in 1807. Pears' Soap's factory was in Oxford Street in London, England. Pears' Soap was the world's first mass-market translucent soap. A. &amp;amp; F. Pears pioneered a variety of distribution and marketing developments under the direction of Thomas J. Barratt. In 1917, A. &amp;amp; F. Pears was bought by Lever Brothers, who later became Unilever. Pears products are actually only produced in India for international sale.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pears_(soap) Pears’ Soap]. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pears-soap-white-mans-burden.jpg|thumb|Pears’ Soap advertisement “Lightening the White Man’s Burden.” McClure’s Magazine, Oct. 1899)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pear Soap Ad.jpg|thumb|The original Pears soap advert based on the fable Washing the Blackamoor white, published in the Graphic for Christmas 1884]]&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Andrew Pears, the son of a farmer, was born in Mevagissey, Cornwall, around 1770 and moved to London around 1787. In 1789, he finished his apprenticeship, opened a barbershop on Gerrard Street in Soho, and started producing cosmetics. Pears' clientele included many affluent socialites who took pride in their appearance at the time, and Soho was a high-end suburban neighborhood at the time. Having a flawless white appearance was popular among the affluent of the time; tanned skins were synonymous with those who worked outdoors. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pears discovered that his powders and creams were often used to conceal harm caused by the harshness of the soaps and other cosmetics products in use at the time, many of which contained arsenic or lead. Pears started experimenting with soap purification and finally developed a soft soap using glycerine and other natural ingredients.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pears soap is now made in India by Hindustan Unilever, a company in which Unilever now has a 67 percent share.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pears_(soap) Pears’ Soap]. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Racist Advertisements==&lt;br /&gt;
When looking at the advertising for Pears' Soap, which was first published in 1890, it is clear that the commercial contains the linguistic meaning &amp;quot;The White Man's Burden.&amp;quot; The 'White Man's Duty' is often interpreted as a reason for white control over their colonies' primitive indigenous peoples. Pear's Soap is explicitly written in smaller letters that it should be used to disinfect black people in other countries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://esmeesculturalhistory.wordpress.com/2016/11/28/soap-that-cleans-the-skin/ Pears’ Soap: Washing the blacks white], esmee'sculturalhistory, 28 November 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ad can be divided into two sections, as seen in the picture. An oval-framed man and the backdrop in which the oval is set. A man is seen washing his hands in the middle, with a bar of Pear's Soap next to him. The porthole and white uniform indicate that the captain of a ship is being watched. Ships at sea and a beach can be seen in the distance. A white guy gives soap to a black person on the sand. The black man is knelt and appears to be pleading for the soap.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second racial advertisement from Pears' Soap rhymes with the previous. When washing, the white boy hands the black boy a piece of Pears' Soap. Since using the soap, the black boy's body has turned white as he comes out of the water. He smiles for the first time as he sees his new white skin in the mirror. The soap is not only good for your skin, but also for your complexion, according to the text above the picture. The commercial does not claim that using the soap improves hygiene; rather, it claims that using it would help you ascend the social ladder by giving you a white complexion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To top it off, the characters aren't accurate representations of real toddlers. The perception of a black person's complexion is exaggeratedly dark in Pear's ad, and it's combined with bright red lips to create a stereotype of how a traditional black person will appear and behave as a humorous impact. This gives the impression to white customers that black people are poor, dumb, or dirty. Quite the same. The white boy is dressed elegantly and has a relaxed expression, indicating that he is of a higher social status. The well-to-do white boy seems to be acting as a tutor to the other boy, based on his pose. Pears is saying that the first child, or white boys in general, are more intelligent about pears than those with darker skin, and that he should tell others about them.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://thefutureisvisual.wordpress.com/2014/03/26/pears-soap-advertisement-analysis/ Pears’ Soap Advertisement Analysis], Visual Culture Blog. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=GAP&amp;diff=6889393</id>
		<title>GAP</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=GAP&amp;diff=6889393"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T11:51:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:GAP Logo.png|thumb|GAP Logo]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Gap, Inc.''', (stylized as GAP) is an American apparel and accessory store with a global footprint.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Donald Fisher and Doris F. Fisher founded Gap in 1969, and it is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Gap (the namesake banner), Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, Hill City, and Athleta are the company's six main divisions. Gap Inc. is the biggest niche retailer in the United States and ranks third globally, after Inditex Group and H&amp;amp;M, in terms of overall locations. The company has approximately 135,000 employees and operates 3,727 stores worldwide, 2,406 of it are located in the U.S as per September 2008.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_Inc.#cite_note-7 GAP inc.]. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a post on Gap's Facebook page, on April 3rd, 2016, GAP launched a campaign in conjunction with Ellen Degeneres' lifestyle brand ED to inspire girls everywhere to be themselves.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kim, Susanna. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/gap-pulls-ad-called-racist-apologizes-critics/story?id=38190519 Gap Pulls Ad Called 'Racist,' Apologizes to Critics], ABC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The advertisement in question shows four young girls who are members of Le Petit Cirque, a traveling circus that includes boys and girls aged 5 to 14.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kell, John. [https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/273593 Gap Apologizes for 'Racist' Ad], Entrepreneur, 5 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Two white girls were seen in incredible acrobatic poses in the #GapKidsxED promotional commercial, while a black girl stood passively while a third white girl using her head as an armrest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Heilpern, Will.[https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-has-apologized-over-an-ad-for-its-kids-clothing-line-that-people-said-was-racist-2016-4 Gap has apologized over an ad for its kids clothing line that people said was racist], Business Insider, 5 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GAP AD.png|thumb|Gap Controversial Ad, 3 April 2016]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GAP AD 2.png|thumb|Gap Ad 2015]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
The photo was shared with the caption: &amp;quot;Meet the kids who are proving that girls can do anything.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The photo was quickly met with a backlash from Twitter users:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids proving girls can do anything... unless she's Black. Then all she can do is bear the weight of White girls. #EpicFail -@TheTherapyDiva''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids What is the message for Black girls? Are they meant to be seen as subordinate? Shame on you, Gap! -@eight4878''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids Thanks for perfectly illustrating what 'passive racism' looks like in mainstream media. #DiversiryFail She is NOT your arm rest. 😑 -@Jmo120''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids she doesn't even look happy in this photo. She's busy being treated like furniture. Subliminal Racism. -@CosmicIfe''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kirsten West Savali writes in The Root, a black culture publication, that the ad exacerbates &amp;quot;the sense that our black bodies are undervalued and placed to act as props upon which white bodies can be best praised and revered.&amp;quot; For her, the negative feedback she received on social media was &amp;quot;valid&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35968787 Is this Gap advert racist?], BBC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; “While all of the children are cute, and yes, all of them can grow up to be and do anything,” Kirsten West Savali continued, “it becomes troublesome when the black kid is placed to be a white child's prop.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beer, Jeff. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3058611/gap-apologizes-for-kids-ad-controversy-swaps-image Gap Apologizes For Kids Ad Controversy, Swaps Image], Fast Company, 4 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The plot was given a different spin by a black film producer. Side by side with the latest clip, Matthew A. Cherry tweeted a photo from an old Gap marketing campaign showing a tall black girl leaning her arm on the head of a shorter white girl. He inquired, &amp;quot;Does the picture on the left make the picture on the right OK?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/MatthewACherry/status/716753585552302080 @MatthewACherry Twitter]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Gap-ad-2 replacement.jpg|thumb|GAP Ad Replacement After the Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
GAP opted to replace the picture of the marketing campaign and apologized just one day after the backlash began.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a statement, a Gap spokesperson said, &amp;quot;As a company with a proud 46-year legacy of championing equity and inclusivity, we respect the dialogue that has taken place and apologize to everyone we've offended.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;True stories of talented girls who are celebrating artistic self-expression and expressing their messages of inspiration are included in this GapKids campaign. We've replaced the picture with a new image from the campaign, which inspires girls (and boys) all over the world to be themselves and proud of their individuality.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kim, Susanna. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/gap-pulls-ad-called-racist-apologizes-critics/story?id=38190519 Gap Pulls Ad Called 'Racist,' Apologizes to Critics], ABC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, it has been revealed that the two girls in the notorious pose are adoptive mothers. Brooke Smith (Ray Donovan, Grey's Anatomy) is their mother, who also went public on social media to give certain details.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beer, Jeff. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3058611/gap-apologizes-for-kids-ad-controversy-swaps-image Gap Apologizes For Kids Ad Controversy, Swaps Image], Fast Company, 4 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
The ad at [https://twitter.com/GapKids/status/716324354670403585 GAP Official Twitter]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gap older campaign at 2015 [https://twitter.com/MatthewACherry/status/716753585552302080 @MatthewACherry Twitter]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=GAP&amp;diff=6889274</id>
		<title>GAP</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=GAP&amp;diff=6889274"/>
		<updated>2021-03-14T11:47:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:GAP Logo.png|thumb|GAP Logo]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Gap, Inc.''', (stylized as GAP) is an American apparel and accessory store with a global footprint.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Donald Fisher and Doris F. Fisher founded Gap in 1969, and it is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Gap (the namesake banner), Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, Hill City, and Athleta are the company's six main divisions. Gap Inc. is the biggest niche retailer in the United States and ranks third globally, after Inditex Group and H&amp;amp;M, in terms of overall locations. The company has approximately 135,000 employees and operates 3,727 stores worldwide, 2,406 of it are located in the U.S as per September 2008.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_Inc.#cite_note-7 GAP inc.]. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a post on Gap's Facebook page, on April 3rd, 2016, GAP launched a campaign in conjunction with Ellen Degeneres' lifestyle brand ED to inspire girls everywhere to be themselves.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kim, Susanna. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/gap-pulls-ad-called-racist-apologizes-critics/story?id=38190519 Gap Pulls Ad Called 'Racist,' Apologizes to Critics], ABC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The advertisement in question shows four young girls who are members of Le Petit Cirque, a traveling circus that includes boys and girls aged 5 to 14.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kell, John. [https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/273593 Gap Apologizes for 'Racist' Ad], Entrepreneur, 5 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Two white girls were seen in incredible acrobatic poses in the #GapKidsxED promotional commercial, while a black girl stood passively while a third white girl using her head as an armrest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Heilpern, Will.[https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-has-apologized-over-an-ad-for-its-kids-clothing-line-that-people-said-was-racist-2016-4 Gap has apologized over an ad for its kids clothing line that people said was racist], Business Insider, 5 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GAP AD.png|thumb|Gap Controversial Ad, 3 April 2016]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GAP AD 2.png|thumb|Gap Ad 2015]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
The photo was shared with the caption: &amp;quot;Meet the kids who are proving that girls can do anything.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The photo was quickly met with a backlash from Twitter users:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids proving girls can do anything... unless she's Black. Then all she can do is bear the weight of White girls. #EpicFail -@TheTherapyDiva''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids What is the message for Black girls? Are they meant to be seen as subordinate? Shame on you, Gap! -@eight4878''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids Thanks for perfectly illustrating what 'passive racism' looks like in mainstream media. #DiversiryFail She is NOT your arm rest. 😑 -@Jmo120''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''@GapKids she doesn't even look happy in this photo. She's busy being treated like furniture. Subliminal Racism. -@CosmicIfe''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kirsten West Savali writes in The Root, a black culture publication, that the ad exacerbates &amp;quot;the sense that our black bodies are undervalued and placed to act as props upon which white bodies can be best praised and revered.&amp;quot; For her, the negative feedback she received on social media was &amp;quot;valid&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35968787 Is this Gap advert racist?], BBC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; “While all of the children are cute, and yes, all of them can grow up to be and do anything,” Kirsten West Savali continued, “it becomes troublesome when the black kid is placed to be a white child's prop.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beer, Jeff. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3058611/gap-apologizes-for-kids-ad-controversy-swaps-image Gap Apologizes For Kids Ad Controversy, Swaps Image], Fast Company, 4 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The plot was given a different spin by a black film producer. Side by side with the latest clip, Matthew A. Cherry tweeted a photo from an old Gap marketing campaign showing a tall black girl leaning her arm on the head of a shorter white girl. He inquired, &amp;quot;Does the picture on the left make the picture on the right OK?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/MatthewACherry/status/716753585552302080 @MatthewACherry Twitter]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Gap-ad-2 replacement.jpg|thumb|GAP Ad Replacement After the Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
GAP opted to replace the picture of the marketing campaign and apologized just one day after the backlash began.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a statement, a Gap spokesperson said, &amp;quot;As a company with a proud 46-year legacy of championing equity and inclusivity, we respect the dialogue that has taken place and apologize to everyone we've offended.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;True stories of talented girls who are celebrating artistic self-expression and expressing their messages of inspiration are included in this GapKids campaign. We've replaced the picture with a new image from the campaign, which inspires girls (and boys) all over the world to be themselves and proud of their individuality.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kim, Susanna. [https://abcnews.go.com/Business/gap-pulls-ad-called-racist-apologizes-critics/story?id=38190519 Gap Pulls Ad Called 'Racist,' Apologizes to Critics], ABC News, 6 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, it turns out the two girls in the controversial pose are adopted sisters. Their mother is actor Brooke Smith (Ray Donovan, Grey’s Anatomy), who also went public on social media to provide some context.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Beer, Jeff. [https://www.fastcompany.com/3058611/gap-apologizes-for-kids-ad-controversy-swaps-image Gap Apologizes For Kids Ad Controversy, Swaps Image], Fast Company, 4 April 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
The ad at [https://twitter.com/GapKids/status/716324354670403585 GAP Official Twitter]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gap older campaign at 2015 [https://twitter.com/MatthewACherry/status/716753585552302080 @MatthewACherry Twitter]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nike&amp;diff=6854463</id>
		<title>Nike</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nike&amp;diff=6854463"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:47:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Nike logo.png|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Nike, Inc.''' (/ˈnaɪki/) is an American multinational company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets clothing, garments, equipment, accessories, and services around the world. Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight formed the company as &amp;quot;Blue Ribbon Sports&amp;quot; on January 25, 1964, and it became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. Nike, the Greek goddess of triumph, is believed as the company's name. Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS) began as a seller of Japanese firm Onitsuka Tiger's running shoes in the United States (now known as Asics).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Levinson, Philip. [https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-got-its-name-2016-1 How Nike almost ended up with a very different name], Business Insider, 20 January 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Don't Do It Campaign==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Don't Do It Campaign.png|thumb|Nike Don't Do It Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
Nike post a video for campaign named &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;'''Don't Do It'''&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot; at May 30, 2020 . This time, Nike is attempting to warn society not to do so; as we all remember, Nike's motto is &amp;quot;Just Do It.&amp;quot; Nike urges the viewer to be mindful of the racist scenario that took the innocent life of George Floyd in this one-minute film.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;“For once, don’t do it&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t pretend there’s not a problem in America&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t turn your back on racism&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t accept innocent lives being taken from us&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’ t make any more excuses&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t think this doesn’t affect you&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t sit back and be silent&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t think you can’t be part of the change&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let’s all be part of the change,”&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; it says in the video.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't think you can't make a difference. “Let us all be a part of the change,” the video says. Nike's sporting footwear competitor Adidas has shared this episode. &amp;quot;Together is how we move forward. Together is how we make change.&amp;quot; Adidas retweeted, adding the post.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/adidas/status/1266594990559379457 Adidas Twitter]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Don't Do It Campaign 2.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Until We All Win.png|thumb|Nike Until We All Win Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Anti-Black Racism Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nike has a long history of standing against bigotry, hatred, and inequality in all forms,&amp;quot; a Nike spokeswoman said in a statement, according to [https://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/nike-says-dont-do-it-when-it-comes-racism-reaction-george-floyds-death/2260081 AdAge]. &amp;quot;We hope that by sharing this video, we can empower people to take action against a serious problem in our culture and help create a better future.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernandez, Celia. [https://www.insider.com/nike-for-once-dont-do-it-commercial-racism-in-america-2020-5 'For once, Don't Do It': Nike takes a stand against racism in new ad], Insider, 30 May 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike's video caption said, &amp;quot;We will do and invest more to maintain our longstanding commitment to helping the Black community and working with world-class groups committed to promoting racial inclusion, social justice, and better access to education.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike's #UntilWeAllWin hashtag was also used in the &amp;quot;Don't Do It&amp;quot; campaign, which is Nike's appeal for inclusion. The term &amp;quot;Until We All Win&amp;quot; is synonymous with Nike's [https://www.nike.com/until-we-all-win Common Thread Series], and the hashtag has featured in previous promotions. A video series produced in collaboration with Uninterrupted to tell the stories of athletes of color.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gallucci, Nicole.[https://sea.mashable.com/culture/10811/nike-urges-people-to-stand-against-racism-in-striking-new-ad Nike urges people to stand against racism in striking new ad], Mashable, May 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;quot;Nike believes in the power of sport to bring people together and motivate them to make a difference in their communities. Equality isn’t a game. But achieving it will be our greatest victory. '''Until we all win'''.&amp;quot;, the tagline says it all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For those interested in understanding more, Nike has outlined its contribution to equity in depth on its website.&lt;br /&gt;
'We believe in the potential of sport to draw people together and motivate them to act in their communities.' At Nike, we're devoted to building an inclusive community and knocking down barriers for all athletes. Nike's Common Thread series is a great example of how sport unites us all and what can happen when we stand up for what’s right.'&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike-bhm-black-history-month 2.jpg|thumb|Nike BHM Black History Month Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
As protests in the United States grow in response to the death of African-American George Floyd, sportswear company Nike has resurrected a slogan. It revealed on Instagram that instead of telling people to &amp;quot;Just Do It,&amp;quot; it now needs to tell them to &amp;quot;Don't Do It,&amp;quot; a direct nod to racial crimes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/nike-takes-a-stand-against-racism-with-a-powerful-ad-6437032/ Nike takes stand against racism with a powerful ad], The Indian Express, 2 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike continues to produce straightforward, eye-opening, no-nonsense commercials that obviously resonate with people. It's not everyday that a company is able to effectively step in on serious topics and make valuable changes to the narratives around them, but Nike continues to deliver blunt, eye-opening, no-nonsense advertisements that clearly resonate with people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch Nike Don't Do It Campaign at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drcO2V2m7lw Youtube]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nike status #UntilWeAllWin at [https://twitter.com/Nike/status/1266502116463370241 Twitter]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Read Nike Purpose [https://purpose.nike.com/standing-up-for-equality Standing Up For Equality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;br /&gt;
'&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nike&amp;diff=6854317</id>
		<title>Nike</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nike&amp;diff=6854317"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:41:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Nike logo.png|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Nike, Inc.''' (/ˈnaɪki/) is an American multinational company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets clothing, garments, equipment, accessories, and services around the world. Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight formed the company as &amp;quot;Blue Ribbon Sports&amp;quot; on January 25, 1964, and it became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS) began as a seller of Japanese firm Onitsuka Tiger's running shoes in the United States (now known as Asics).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Levinson, Philip. [https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-got-its-name-2016-1 How Nike almost ended up with a very different name], Business Insider, 20 January 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Don't Do It Campaign==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Don't Do It Campaign.png|thumb|Nike Don't Do It Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
At May 30, 2020 Nike post a video for campaign named &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;'''Don't Do It'''&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. This time Nike persuade society to not do it, as we all know &amp;quot;Just Do it&amp;quot; is Nike slogan. Nike urges the viewer to be mindful of the racist scenario that took the innocent life of George Floyd in this one-minute film.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;“For once, don’t do it&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t pretend there’s not a problem in America&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t turn your back on racism&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t accept innocent lives being taken from us&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’ t make any more excuses&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t think this doesn’t affect you&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t sit back and be silent&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t think you can’t be part of the change&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let’s all be part of the change,”&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; it says in the video.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't think you can't make a difference. “Let us all be a part of the change,” the video says. Nike's sporting footwear competitor Adidas has shared this episode. &amp;quot;Together is how we move forward. Together is how we make change.&amp;quot; Adidas retweeted, adding the post.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/adidas/status/1266594990559379457 Adidas Twitter]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Don't Do It Campaign 2.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Until We All Win.png|thumb|Nike Until We All Win Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Anti-Black Racism Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nike has a long history of standing against bigotry, hatred, and inequality in all forms,&amp;quot; a Nike spokeswoman said in a statement, according to [https://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/nike-says-dont-do-it-when-it-comes-racism-reaction-george-floyds-death/2260081 AdAge]. &amp;quot;We hope that by sharing this film we can serve as a catalyst to inspire action against a deep issue in our society and encourage people to help shape a better future.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernandez, Celia. [https://www.insider.com/nike-for-once-dont-do-it-commercial-racism-in-america-2020-5 'For once, Don't Do It': Nike takes a stand against racism in new ad], Insider, 30 May 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike's video caption said, &amp;quot;We will do and invest more to maintain our longstanding commitment to helping the Black community and working with world-class groups committed to promoting racial inclusion, social justice, and better access to education.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike's #UntilWeAllWin hashtag was also used in the &amp;quot;Don't Do It&amp;quot; campaign, which is Nike's appeal for inclusion. The term &amp;quot;Until We All Win&amp;quot; is synonymous with Nike's [https://www.nike.com/until-we-all-win Common Thread Series], and the hashtag has featured in previous promotions. A video series produced in collaboration with Uninterrupted to tell the stories of athletes of color.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gallucci, Nicole.[https://sea.mashable.com/culture/10811/nike-urges-people-to-stand-against-racism-in-striking-new-ad Nike urges people to stand against racism in striking new ad], Mashable, May 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;quot;Nike believes in the power of sport to bring people together and motivate them to make a difference in their communities. Equality isn’t a game. But achieving it will be our greatest victory. '''Until we all win'''.&amp;quot;, the tagline says it all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For those interested in understanding more, Nike has outlined its contribution to equity in depth on its website.&lt;br /&gt;
'We believe in the potential of sport to draw people together and motivate them to act in their communities.' At Nike, we're devoted to building an inclusive community and knocking down barriers for all athletes. Nike's Common Thread series is a great example of how sport unites us all and what can happen when we stand up for what’s right.'&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike-bhm-black-history-month 2.jpg|thumb|Nike BHM Black History Month Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
As protests in the United States grow in response to the death of African-American George Floyd, sportswear company Nike has resurrected a slogan. It revealed on Instagram that instead of telling people to &amp;quot;Just Do It,&amp;quot; it now needs to tell them to &amp;quot;Don't Do It,&amp;quot; a direct nod to racial crimes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/nike-takes-a-stand-against-racism-with-a-powerful-ad-6437032/ Nike takes stand against racism with a powerful ad], The Indian Express, 2 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike continues to produce straightforward, eye-opening, no-nonsense commercials that obviously resonate with people. It's not everyday that a company is able to effectively step in on serious topics and make valuable changes to the narratives around them, but Nike continues to deliver blunt, eye-opening, no-nonsense advertisements that clearly resonate with people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch Nike Don't Do It Campaign at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drcO2V2m7lw Youtube]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nike status #UntilWeAllWin at [https://twitter.com/Nike/status/1266502116463370241 Twitter]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Read Nike Purpose [https://purpose.nike.com/standing-up-for-equality Standing Up For Equality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;br /&gt;
'&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nike&amp;diff=6854287</id>
		<title>Nike</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nike&amp;diff=6854287"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:34:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Nike logo.png|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Nike, Inc.''' (/ˈnaɪki/) is an American multinational company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets clothing, garments, equipment, accessories, and services around the world. Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight formed the company as &amp;quot;Blue Ribbon Sports&amp;quot; on January 25, 1964, and it became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS) began as a seller of Japanese firm Onitsuka Tiger's running shoes in the United States (now known as Asics).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Levinson, Philip. [https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-got-its-name-2016-1 How Nike almost ended up with a very different name], Business Insider, 20 January 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Don't Do It Campaign==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Don't Do It Campaign.png|thumb|Nike Don't Do It Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
At May 30, 2020 Nike post a video for campaign named &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;'''Don't Do It'''&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. This time Nike persuade society to not do it, as we all know &amp;quot;Just Do it&amp;quot; is Nike slogan. Nike urges the viewer to be mindful of the racist scenario that took the innocent life of George Floyd in this one-minute film.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;“For once, don’t do it&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t pretend there’s not a problem in America&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t turn your back on racism&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t accept innocent lives being taken from us&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’ t make any more excuses&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t think this doesn’t affect you&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t sit back and be silent&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Don’t think you can’t be part of the change&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let’s all be part of the change,”&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; it says in the video.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This video also shared by Nike's rival in athletic apparel Adidas. Adidas re-tweeted and adding message &amp;quot;Together is how we move forward. Together is how we make change.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/adidas/status/1266594990559379457 Adidas Twitter]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Don't Do It Campaign 2.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike Until We All Win.png|thumb|Nike Until We All Win Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Anti-Black Racism Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nike has a long history of standing against bigotry, hatred, and inequality in all forms,&amp;quot; a Nike spokeswoman said in a statement, according to [https://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/nike-says-dont-do-it-when-it-comes-racism-reaction-george-floyds-death/2260081 AdAge]. &amp;quot;We hope that by sharing this film we can serve as a catalyst to inspire action against a deep issue in our society and encourage people to help shape a better future.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fernandez, Celia. [https://www.insider.com/nike-for-once-dont-do-it-commercial-racism-in-america-2020-5 'For once, Don't Do It': Nike takes a stand against racism in new ad], Insider, 30 May 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We will continue to stand up for equality and work to break down barriers for athletes all over the world. We will do and invest more to uphold longstanding commitment in supporting the Black community and partnering with world-class organizations dedicated to ensuring racial equality, social justice, and greater access to education.&amp;quot;, said Nike in it's video's caption.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike's #UntilWeAllWin hashtag was also used in the &amp;quot;Don't Do It&amp;quot; campaign, which is Nike's appeal for inclusion. The term &amp;quot;Until We All Win&amp;quot; is synonymous with Nike's [https://www.nike.com/until-we-all-win Common Thread Series], and the hashtag has featured in previous promotions. A video series created in partnership with Uninterrupted that works to share stories of athletes of color.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gallucci, Nicole.[https://sea.mashable.com/culture/10811/nike-urges-people-to-stand-against-racism-in-striking-new-ad Nike urges people to stand against racism in striking new ad], Mashable, May 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;quot;Nike believes in the power of sport to unite and inspire people to take action in their communities. Equality isn’t a game. But achieving it will be our greatest victory. '''Until we all win'''.&amp;quot;, the tagline says it all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For those interested in understanding more, Nike has outlined its contribution to equity in depth on its website.&lt;br /&gt;
'We believe in the power of sport to unite and inspire people to take action in their communities. We are committed to fostering an inclusive culture at Nike and to breaking down barriers for all athletes. Nike's Common Thread series is a great example of how sport unites us all and what can happen when we stand up for what’s right.'&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nike-bhm-black-history-month 2.jpg|thumb|Nike BHM Black History Month Campaign]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
As protests in the United States grow in response to the death of African-American George Floyd, sportswear company Nike has resurrected a slogan. It revealed on Instagram that instead of telling people to &amp;quot;Just Do It,&amp;quot; it now needs to tell them to &amp;quot;Don't Do It,&amp;quot; a direct nod to racial crimes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/nike-takes-a-stand-against-racism-with-a-powerful-ad-6437032/ Nike takes stand against racism with a powerful ad], The Indian Express, 2 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nike continues to produce straightforward, eye-opening, no-nonsense commercials that obviously resonate with people. It's not everyday that a company is able to effectively step in on serious topics and make valuable changes to the narratives around them, but Nike continues to deliver blunt, eye-opening, no-nonsense advertisements that clearly resonate with people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch Nike Don't Do It Campaign at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drcO2V2m7lw Youtube]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nike status #UntilWeAllWin at [https://twitter.com/Nike/status/1266502116463370241 Twitter]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Read Nike Purpose [https://purpose.nike.com/standing-up-for-equality Standing Up For Equality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Fashion]]&lt;br /&gt;
'&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Gold_Dust_Twins&amp;diff=6854193</id>
		<title>Gold Dust Twins</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Gold_Dust_Twins&amp;diff=6854193"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:26:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Gold Dust Washing Soap box.jpg|200px|thumb|A box of Gold Dust Washing Soap featuring the iconic &amp;quot;Gold Dust Twins&amp;quot;, 'Goldie' and 'Dustie']]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Gold Dust Twins''' is the trademark for Fairbank's Gold Dust washing powder products, first appeared in printed media back in 1892. The original Gold Dust Twins, &amp;quot;Goldie&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Dusty,&amp;quot; were always seen doing household chores together. The word has been in common usage since the early 1900s and has been used as a nickname on many occasions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Dust_Twins Gold Dust Twins]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Nathaniel Kellogg Fairbank Soap Company in New York City first introduced Gold Dust washing powder in the late 1880s as an all-purpose cleaning agent. Gold Dust Washing Powder was sold in a light orange box with a black and white picture on the front. In a big pool, two small African-American children were seen washing dishes. E.W. Kemble who was staff artist of the Chicago Daily Graphic created the instantly familiar trademark.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Schock, Barbara. [https://www.sandburg.org/SandburgsHometown/SandburgsHometown_Gold-Dust-Twins.html The Gold Dust Twins], sandburg.org, 1 July 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Gold Dust Twin Soap ad.jpg|200px|thumb|This ad campaigned slavery]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
The Gold Dust Twins used recognizable mascots, two asexual African-American children that promote racist stereotype.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Casualty Gold Dust ad Slave if you will in Home and flowers March 1902.jpg|thumb|&amp;quot;Are you a slave to housework?&amp;quot; Gold Dust washing powder advertisement]]&lt;br /&gt;
Drawings of the twins had been turned into a cartoonish pair of caricature, bald, black children of unidentified gender depicted sporting tutus with the words &amp;quot;Gold&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Dust&amp;quot; on them by the time a nationwide advertisement campaign was introduced in 1903. They were often portrayed in a comical manner on product containers and commercials, along with a large stack of dishes in a washtub, with one twin cleaning, the other drying.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fairbanks &amp;amp; Co. also introduced a nationwide Gold Dust Twins program in 1903, with the slogan &amp;quot;Let the Gold Dust Twins Do Your Work.&amp;quot; Goldie and Dustie, two dark-skinned, subservient minstrel characters who put white America at ease, became the campaign's face.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Thomas, Velma Maia. [https://www.atlantastudies.org/2015/07/27/your-advertisement-troubles-me-atlantas-gold-dust-twins/ YOUR ADVERTISEMENT TROUBLES ME: ATLANTA’S GOLD DUST TWINS], atlantastudies.org, 27 July 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Phased Out==&lt;br /&gt;
By the 1950s, attitudes toward the use of black children in advertisement had shifted. The introduction of Tide laundry detergent to the industry had a direct impact on Gold Dust prices. In the mid-1950s, the whole company went bankrupt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Gold Dust Twin Soap advertisement at El Dorado Republican (El Dorado, Kansas), 20 Sep 1901, Fri, Page 1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40490281/gold-dust-twins-racist-stereotypes/ newspapers.com]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Mrs._Butterworth%27s&amp;diff=6854188</id>
		<title>Mrs. Butterworth's</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Mrs._Butterworth%27s&amp;diff=6854188"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:20:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Mrs. Butterworth's Packaging.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mrs. Butterworth's''' is an American brand of syrups and pancake mixes that owned by Conagra Brands. The syrups are packaged in distinctive bottles modeled like Mrs. Butterworth, a matronly lady. In 1961, the syrup was first introduced.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Butterworth%27s Mrs. Butterworth's]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
Following weeks of worldwide demonstrations following George Floyd's death on May 25, the corporate community has come to a decision. [[Aunt Jemima]], [[Uncle Ben's]], and Mrs. Butterworth's all surrendered to media outcry in less than 12 hours on Wednesday to fix the racial histories of their logo packaging.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite disagreements over Mrs. Butterworth's ethnicity, some have linked the shape of the brand's syrup bottles to the derogatory &amp;quot;Mammy&amp;quot; racist image for Black women.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tyko, Kelly. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/food/2020/06/17/mrs-butterworths-syrup-packaging-review-aunt-jemima-racial-bias/3209566001/ Conagra Brands reviewing Mrs. Butterworth's brand after Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben's announcements], usatoday.com, 17 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to the news outlet, the image of the bottle and its dark colour when loaded with syrup has contributed to it being seen as a Black stereotype.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Koop, Chacour.[https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article243617182.html Mrs. Butterworth’s syrup says it will review branding due to racial bias concerns], miamiherald.com, 17 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
Mrs. Butterworth's brand, and its syrup packaging, was designed to &amp;quot;evoke the memories of a caring grandma,&amp;quot; but the organization knows how it can be misinterpreted. ““We understand that our efforts help to eliminate ethnic discrimination, so we've begun a systematic brand and packaging review of Mrs. Butterworth's,” says the Conagra Brands Communications' Dan Skinner.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;McEvoy, Jemima. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2020/06/17/mrs-butterworths-to-undergo-a-complete-brand-and-packaging-review-along-with-aunt-jemima-uncle-bens/?sh=4f6813615dc3 Mrs. Butterworth’s To Undergo A ‘Complete Brand And Packaging Review’ Along With Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben’s], forbes.com, 17 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Via Conagra's official press release dated June 17, 2020. The corporation announced that it would stand in unity with Black and Brown cultures, recognizing that the brand's packaging could be perceived in a manner that undermines their beliefs. Racism and social inequality happen all over the country, which is heartbreaking and unfair. Conagra has indicated that it will be a part of the solution and that it is able to cooperate in order to bring progress.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nothing has surfaced since the last report on Mrs. Butterworth's packing analysis before this post was published.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read Conagra's official press release [https://www.conagrabrands.com/news-room/news-conagra-brands-announces-mrs-butterworths-brand-review-prn-122733 here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Cream_of_Wheat&amp;diff=6854186</id>
		<title>Cream of Wheat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Cream_of_Wheat&amp;diff=6854186"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:18:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Cream of Wheat logo.png|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Cream of Wheat''' is an American brand of farina, a type of breakfast porridge mix made from wheat semolina. It resembles grits but has a finer texture due to the use of ground wheat kernels rather than ground corn. Wheat millers in Grand Forks, North Dakota, were the first to make history in the United States in 1893. The commodity made its debut in Chicago, Illinois, at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. Cream of Wheat was a Nabisco brand made by Kraft Foods until January 2007. B&amp;amp;G Foods purchased the name and all marketing rights to the cereal in January 2007. &amp;quot;Cream of Wheat&amp;quot; is a trademark that has been registered.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_of_Wheat#:~:text=Cream%20of%20Wheat%20is%20an,mix%20made%20from%20wheat%20semolina. Cream of Wheat]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Rastus.jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
B&amp;amp;G Foods, of Parsippany, NJ, announced that the Cream of Wheat brand and packaging, which includes a black chef, would be reviewed immediately. In 1893, at the World's Columbia Exposition in Chicago, the breakfast porridge blend made its debut.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since its introduction in the late 1800s, the porridge tin, which features a beaming black man in a white chef's uniform, has remained largely unchanged. The character was once portrayed as a barely literate cook who didn't know what vitamins were, and he was assigned the name &amp;quot;[[Rastus]],&amp;quot; a derogatory word for black men.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Cramer, Maria.[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/business/aunt-jemima-mrs-butterworth-uncle-ben.html After Aunt Jemima, Reviews Underway for Uncle Ben, Mrs. Butterworth and Cream of Wheat], nytimes.com, 17 June 2020. Retrived December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Cream-of-wheat-advertisement-december-1921.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
B&amp;amp;G Foods said, &amp;quot;We acknowledge there are questions about the Chef picture, and we are committed to reviewing our packaging and taking constructive action to ensuring that we and our brands do not unwittingly lead to structural racism.&amp;quot; “B&amp;amp;G Foods unequivocally condemns all manifestations of discrimination and injustice.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Watrous, Monica.[https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/16259-mrs-butterworths-uncle-bens-among-brands-to-eliminate-racial-stereotypes Mrs. Butterworth’s, Uncle Ben’s among brands to eliminate racial stereotypes], foodbusinessnews.net, 18 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A decision has been taken, more than three months after Cream of Wheat's parent firm, B&amp;amp;G Foods, announced it was &amp;quot;initiating an urgent review&amp;quot; of the brand's packaging, a decision has been made – the chef will be removed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a statement to USA TODAY, B&amp;amp;G Foods said, &amp;quot;For years, the logo of an African-American chef appeared on our Cream of Wheat packaging.&amp;quot; “While evidence suggests the picture is based on a real Chicago chef called Frank White, it reminds certain customers of previous offensive depictions. As a result, the chef image will be removed from all Cream of Wheat packaging.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tyko, Kelly. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/food/2020/09/26/cream-of-wheat-box-black-chef-removal-2021/3546813001/ Cream of Wheat to remove Black chef from the box as it updates imagery in wake of calls for racial equality], usatoday.com, 26 September 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
The branding announcements, according to experts, was a product of the Black Lives Matters marches in response to the police killings of George Floyd and other African Americans. This not only impacted to Cream of Wheat but also to several brands such as [[Aunt Jemima]], [[Uncle Ben's]], and [[Mrs. Butterworth's]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read B&amp;amp;G Foods Inc. official statement [https://www.bgfoods.com/investor-relations/news/article/13676 here].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Mrs._Butterworth%27s&amp;diff=6854182</id>
		<title>Mrs. Butterworth's</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Mrs._Butterworth%27s&amp;diff=6854182"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:12:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Mrs. Butterworth's Packaging.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mrs. Butterworth's''' is an American brand of syrups and pancake mixes that owned by Conagra Brands. The syrups are packaged in distinctive bottles modeled like Mrs. Butterworth, a matronly lady. In 1961, the syrup was first introduced.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Butterworth%27s Mrs. Butterworth's]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
Following weeks of worldwide demonstrations following George Floyd's death on May 25, the corporate community has come to a decision. [[Aunt Jemima]], [[Uncle Ben's]], and Mrs. Butterworth's all surrendered to media outcry in less than 12 hours on Wednesday to fix the racial histories of their logo packaging.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite disagreements over Mrs. Butterworth's ethnicity, some have linked the shape of the brand's syrup bottles to the derogatory &amp;quot;Mammy&amp;quot; racist image for Black women.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tyko, Kelly. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/food/2020/06/17/mrs-butterworths-syrup-packaging-review-aunt-jemima-racial-bias/3209566001/ Conagra Brands reviewing Mrs. Butterworth's brand after Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben's announcements], usatoday.com, 17 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to the news outlet, the image of the bottle and its dark colour when loaded with syrup has contributed to it being seen as a Black stereotype.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Koop, Chacour.[https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article243617182.html Mrs. Butterworth’s syrup says it will review branding due to racial bias concerns], miamiherald.com, 17 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
Mrs. Butterworth's brand, and its syrup packaging, was designed to &amp;quot;evoke the memories of a caring grandma,&amp;quot; but the organization knows how it can be misinterpreted. “We recognize that our activities contribute to the elimination of ethnic profiling, and as a result, we have started a comprehensive brand and packaging analysis of Mrs. Butterworth's,” says the Conagra Brands Communications' Dan Skinner.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;McEvoy, Jemima. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2020/06/17/mrs-butterworths-to-undergo-a-complete-brand-and-packaging-review-along-with-aunt-jemima-uncle-bens/?sh=4f6813615dc3 Mrs. Butterworth’s To Undergo A ‘Complete Brand And Packaging Review’ Along With Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben’s], forbes.com, 17 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Via Conagra's official press release dated June 17, 2020. The corporation announced that it would stand in unity with Black and Brown cultures, recognizing that the brand's packaging could be perceived in a manner that undermines their beliefs. Racism and social inequality happen all over the country, which is heartbreaking and unfair. Conagra has indicated that it will be a part of the solution and that it is able to cooperate in order to bring progress.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nothing has surfaced since the last report on Mrs. Butterworth's packing analysis before this post was published.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read Conagra's official press release [https://www.conagrabrands.com/news-room/news-conagra-brands-announces-mrs-butterworths-brand-review-prn-122733 here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Uncle_Ben%27s&amp;diff=6854178</id>
		<title>Uncle Ben's</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Uncle_Ben%27s&amp;diff=6854178"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T13:05:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Uncle Ben's Old Logo.png|220px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Uncle Ben's''' is  is an American easy-cook rice brand and other related food products. Uncle Ben was first introduced by Converted Rice Inc., which is now owned by Mars, Inc. It's offices are in Houston, Texas's Denver Harbor. Uncle Ben's rice was first sold in 1943, and from 1950 to the 1990s, it was the best-selling rice in the United States.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Ben%27s#cite_note-1 Uncle Ben's]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Uncle Ben's.jpg|220px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
As a result of the racist act that killed George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020, several businesses, including Uncle Ben's and Aunt Jemima, have decided to delete the symbol or rebrand their products, citing criticism that the name and logo encouraged racial stereotyping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uncle Ben's rice boxes have portrayed a white-haired black man, often with a bow tie, since the 1940s, an image critics claim evokes servitude. According to Mars, the face was inspired by a Chicago maitre d' called Frank Brown.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Vizard, Sarah.[https://www.marketingweek.com/mars-rebrands-uncle-bens-racial-stereotyping/ Mars rebrands Uncle Ben’s after criticisms over racial stereotyping], Marketing Week, 23 September 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The company announced it will replace the 70-year-old brand's logo with an aged African-American man wearing a bow tie with an orange box with Ben's First' written in a blue font.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/consumer/mars-drops-uncle-bens-brand-image-after-racial-stereotyping-row Mars drops Uncle Ben's brand image after racial stereotyping row], The Business Times, 23 September 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ben's Original RGB logo with orange background.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
On September 23, 2020, Mars Food revealed that the UNCLE BEN'S® Brand would be renamed Ben's Original™, signaling the brand's desire to build a more inclusive future while remaining committed to making the best rice in the world. The brand can no longer use Uncle Ben's image and will be renamed Ben's Original™.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ben's Original™ will begin production of the new brand identity immediately and Ben’s Original™ will begin reaching store shelves early 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Anti-Black Racism Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We're not only changing our name and the way we look on the package; we're still taking steps to improve fairness and equity—and it comes with a new brand purpose: to build opportunity for all.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time as unveiling the new brand name, Mars revealed a $2 million commitment in culinary scholarships for young black chefs, in conjunction with the National Urban League of New York.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Goodfellow, Jessica.[https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/mars-rebrands-uncle-bens-remove-inequities-associated-rice-product/1695311 Mars rebrands Uncle Ben's to remove 'inequities' associated with rice product], campaignlive.co.uk, 24 September 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We'll also support culinary entrepreneurs of all backgrounds in accessing educational opportunities so that their ideas and voices are understood by all. This work will begin in the United States, where we will cooperate with the National Urban League to provide scholarships to young Black chefs, and then we will extend our efforts to benefit other underserved populations around the world.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://announcement.unclebens.com/ unclebens.com]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This all the next step from Mars to empower and creating equal opportunity for all skin color to be more inclusive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read Mars Uncle Ben's official press release [https://www.mars.com/news-and-stories/press-releases/bens-original here] and [https://announcement.unclebens.com/ here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Aunt_Jemima&amp;diff=6854173</id>
		<title>Aunt Jemima</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Aunt_Jemima&amp;diff=6854173"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T12:58:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Aunt Jemima logo.png|220px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Aunt Jemima''' is brand of breakfast foods contains pancake mix, syrup, and others owned by PepsiCo. In 1889, Aunt Jemima pancake mix was marketed as the first ready-mixed pancake mix. It had been one of the most well-known brands in American history by 1915, and it had inspired US trademark law.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Aunt Jemima.jpg|220px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
At the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Nancy Green played Aunt Jemima, one of the first Black business models in the United States. Following that, dozens of actors were recruited by publicity companies to play the part of the first coordinated promotional marketing program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aunt Jemima is modeled after the enslaved &amp;quot;Mammy&amp;quot; stereotype. The character has been chastised for being an example of oppressed African American women and a racist stereotype since its release. &amp;quot;Aunt Jemima&amp;quot; is a feminine variant of the offensive epithet &amp;quot;Uncle Tom&amp;quot; that is often used.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aunt_Jemima Aunt Jemima]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Aunt Jemima Old.png|220px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Aunt Jemima new package.png|220px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
PepsiCo revealed on June 17, 2020 that the Aunt Jemima brand, which has been around for over 130 years, will be phased out &amp;quot;to make strides toward racial equality.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PepsiCo will delete the logo of Aunt Jemima and change the brand name as part of its effort to reform and recognize that the brand's roots were based on an ethnic stereotype. Although efforts have been made over the years to update the brand in a way that is both fitting and respectful.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;PepsiCo was founded on the belief that we excel because of our diversity, and that we succeed together when we accept the full spectrum of humanity.&amp;quot; Our reforms are in step with PepsiCo's attempts to promote racial equality, and they will help the 130-year-old company succeed in the future. These efforts are part of PepsiCo's larger commitment to walk the talk of a leading company and contribute to structural progress. People, Industry, and Societies are the three foundations on which the operations are focused. &amp;quot;Learn more about PepsiCo's racial equality initiatives here,&amp;quot; PepsiCo said in a tweet about the rebranding of Aunt Jemima.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://contact.pepsico.com/auntjemima/article/why-is-aunt-jemima-removing-image-from-packaging-and-changing-it PepsiCo]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The image of Aunt Jemima has been deleted from the current packaging, and the new name will be introduced in 2021, according to PepsiCo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Anti-Black Racism Empowerment==&lt;br /&gt;
PepsiCo was founded on the belief that we excel because of our diversity, and that we succeed together because we accept the broad spectrum of humanity. In that vein, the Aunt Jemima brand will donate a minimum of $5 million over the next five years to help and involve the Black community in positive ways.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/aunt-jemima-brand-to-remove-image-from-packaging-and-change-brand-name-301078593.html Aunt Jemima Brand To Remove Image From Packaging And Change Brand Name], prnewswire.com, 27 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the nation recognizes structural bias in industry and culture, some of America's oldest and most well-known luxury products are being scrutinized. Following the demonstrations triggered by the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020, several businesses have contributed funds, vowed to increase hiring of Black employees, and taken other measures to help the Black community.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/consumer/syrup-brand-aunt-jemima-to-get-new-name-as-pepsico-concedes-racial-stereotype Syrup brand Aunt Jemima to get new name as PepsiCo concedes 'racial stereotype'], The Business Times, 18 June 2020. Retrieved Decemeber 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Read official announcement from [https://contact.pepsico.com/auntjemima/article/why-is-aunt-jemima-removing-image-from-packaging-and-changing-it PepsiCo]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Anti-Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nivea&amp;diff=6854159</id>
		<title>Nivea</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Nivea&amp;diff=6854159"/>
		<updated>2021-03-13T12:40:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Nivea Logo.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Nivea&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; is a German personal care product that specializes in body-care. Beiersdorf Global AG, headquartered in Hamburg, owns the firm. Paul Carl Beiersdorf established the company on March 28, 1886. It was sold to Oscar Troplowitz in 1890. Nivea is derived from the Latin adjectives niveus, nivea, and niveum, both of which mean &amp;quot;snow-white&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivea#cite_note-latin-meaning-2 Nivea]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nivea received backlash in 2017 after promoting Black &amp;amp; White Invisible Deodorant with the word &amp;quot;white is purity&amp;quot; emblazoned over a picture of a woman wearing a white robe. The advertisement was shared on Nivea's Facebook page with the following caption: &amp;quot;Keep it clean, keep bright. Don’t let anything ruin it, #Invisible.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Peterson, Hayley. [https://www.businessinsider.com/nivea-is-under-fire-for-an-ad-promoting-white-is-purity-2017-4 A skin-care brand is under fire for an ad promoting the phrase 'white is purity'], Business Insider, 5 April 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nivea White is Purity.jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Nivea racial ad.jpg|200px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==The Controversy==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This isn't the first time Nivea has been accused of running racist advertisements. The business launched a commercial in 2011 featuring a well-dressed black man carrying the head of a man with an Afro. “Re-civilize yourself,” says the tagline. The campaign was considered &amp;quot;inappropriate and insulting&amp;quot; later Nivea, apologized for the campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Nudd, Tim. [https://www.adweek.com/creativity/nivea-apologizes-wanting-re-civilize-black-man-134226/ Nivea Apologizes for Wanting to ‘Re-Civilize’ Black Man], adweek.com, 18 August 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Following a similar backlash, Nivea was forced to delete the commercial at the time, but photos of it were resurfaced on social media this week following the &amp;quot;white is purity&amp;quot; backlash. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Keep it clean, keep it bright. #Invisible, don't let anything ruin it.” says the &amp;quot;white is purity&amp;quot; advertisement tagline. NIVEA is stapling vague ideals of health and appearance into a white-contained label by using terms like &amp;quot;clean,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;bright,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ruin,&amp;quot; as well as adding the officially ambiguous definition of &amp;quot;it.&amp;quot; This is particularly true after thoroughly defining the danger and foreignness of blackness.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;dylparker [https://blogs.reed.edu/anth344-spring2018-group03/2018/04/16/white-is-purity/ Nivea: Gendered and Raced Care of the Self], blog.reed.edu, 16 April 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
This commercial was greeted with not only a torrent of low-level public condemnation, but also a barrage of high-profile media coverage ([https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/business/media/nivea-ad-online-uproar-racism.html New York Times], The Washington Post, CNN, and many more). In response to the offensive advertisement, the BBC released an article titled [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39489967 Nivea removes 'white is purity' deodorant advert branded 'racist'].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
In a Facebook post, the company apologized for the commercial, claiming it was &amp;quot;not intended to be racially offensive.&amp;quot; “That image was unacceptable and did not represent our company's standards. We sincerely regret this and have taken down the message. NIVEA's core principles are diversity and inclusion. We are proud to create goods that embrace beauty in all of its aspects. Discrimination of some sort is unacceptably offensive to us as a company, as workers, or as individuals.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As consequences of being insensitive and offended many people, the ad removed two days after being posted on it's Facebook page and Nivea’s decided to stop the entire campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tsang, Amie. [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/business/media/nivea-ad-online-uproar-racism.html Nivea Pulls ‘White Is Purity’ Ad After Online Uproar], The New York Times, 4 April 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dove&amp;diff=6827621</id>
		<title>Dove</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Dove&amp;diff=6827621"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T16:02:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Dove logo.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Dove&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;  is a personal care company owned by Unilever, British-Dutch, originating in the United States. The goods are available in more than 150 countries and are marketed to women, men and children alike. The Dove logo is a silhouette profile of a brand's namesake bird.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dove_(toiletries) Dove]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2017, Dove was faced with a body wash commercial featuring a black woman stripping off her top to expose a white woman, with a lot of social media users calling it racist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Controversy==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Dove1.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
In May 2011, after posting an advertisement for their body wash, Dove made controversy and allegations of bigotry, featuring three women with contrasting skin tones side by side in front of the &amp;quot;before and after&amp;quot; photograph with cracked and smooth skin, with a black woman under the &amp;quot;before&amp;quot; and a white woman under the &amp;quot;after&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In October 2017, three second videos of the Dove body lotion used on their Facebook page in the United States sparked backlash and allegations of racism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Slawson,Nicola. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/08/dove-apologises-for-ad-showing-black-woman-turning-into-white-one Dove apologises for ad showing black woman turning into white one], The Guardian, 8 October 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The video clip showed a black woman lifting her T-Shirt to expose a white woman who then lifted her own T-Shirt to reveal an Asian woman. The full thirty second TV commercial version featured seven women of varying races and ages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ad prompted backlash, prompting Dove to delete the advertisement, stating that he &amp;quot;deeply regretted the offense it caused.&amp;quot; Dove further explained that the &amp;quot;video was meant to express that Dove body wash is a celebration of diversity for any woman...&amp;quot; The black woman in the commercial, Lola Ogunyemi, said that the ad had been misinterpreted and defended Dove.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Backlash==&lt;br /&gt;
Social media users said there were racial consequences in a soap commercial that featured a black woman turning into a white woman. Many who protested the advertising said it shows that black skin is bad and white skin is clean, and recalled that there is a historic history of racism in soap advertisements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Dove's marketing team is fundamentally racist. A clean body is not a white body. Black bodies aren't systematically dirty,” wrote Abigail Sewell, 34, professor of sociology at Emory University in Atlanta, on Facebook.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/dove-racist-advert-ongoing-controversy-facebook-body-wash-commercial-unilever-a7989956.html Dove under fire despite apology over 'racist' body wash advert], Independent.co.uk, 9 October 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Dove Apology.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
Offensive social media users protested, and the organization immediately apologised. But Dove's two-way Twitter note and a little longer [https://www.facebook.com/DoveUS/posts/1493719354007207 message on Facebook] it left it vague just what the ad was trying to express.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;An image we recently posted on Facebook missed the mark in representing women of color thoughtfully. We deeply regret the offense it caused&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://twitter.com/Dove/status/916731793927278592 Dove Official Twitter], 8 October 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unilever, Dove’s parent company, did not respond to Washington Post requests for comment on the ad.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wootson Jr., Cleve R. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2017/10/08/dove-ad-that-shows-a-black-woman-turning-herself-white-sparks-consumer-backlash/ A Dove ad showed a black woman turning herself white. The backlash is growing.], The Washington Post, 10 October 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the video at [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/dove-racist-advert-ongoing-controversy-facebook-body-wash-commercial-unilever-a7989956.html Independent]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Darlie&amp;diff=6827618</id>
		<title>Darlie</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Darlie&amp;diff=6827618"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:57:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Darlie.jpg|thumb|Darlie toothpaste on sale at a Shanghai supermarket. PHOTOGRAPHER: ALY SONG/REUTERS]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Darlie''' originally known as Darkie, is a toothpaste brand of the Hawley &amp;amp; Hazel Chemical Company founded in Shanghai in 1933 and later established in Taiwan (1949) and Hong Kong (1973). Colgate-Palmolive acquired 50% of Hawley &amp;amp; Hazel later in 1985.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlie Darlie]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Darlie emblazoned its packaging with a black-faced guy wearing a top hat and a toothy smile.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Darkie.jpg|thumb|A vintage ad for Darlie toothpaste in Shanghai. PHOTOGRAPHER: IMRAN AHMED / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
HHawley and Hazel traded Darkie's toothpaste as the spoof of the American Minstrel singer, Al Jolson, who became known for his blackface appearances. The whiteness of his teeth influenced the name and logo of the company. Dark, or Dark, is a racial word used mainly in the Western world to refer to black people. The box depicted a portrait of a black-faced, wide-eyed white man sporting a top hat, monocle and bow-tie, an image associated with minstrel shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After being acquired by Colgate-Palmolive Co, a major scandal emerged over the brand in the United States, Colgate-Palmolive CEO Ruben Mark replied by making an apology and changing the English name of the toothpaste with &amp;quot;Darlie&amp;quot; in 1989, and by modifying the logo on the packaging to show racially ambiguous faces in the top hat to prevent racial confusion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the English name on the toothpaste package was changed from Darkie to Darlie, but the soap retained its racially-charged name in Chinese. It is now named Hei Ren Yagao—&amp;quot;Black Person Toothpaste&amp;quot;—in China and is one of the nation's top sellers.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-24/ads-insensitive-to-black-people-are-still-common-in-asia In Asia, Brands Built on Racist Stereotypes Face Scrutiny], Bloomberg, 25 June 2020. Retrieved Deember 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the entry of Colgate-Palmolive, the brand continued to be sold in several Asian countries, including Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand, it's brand and logo were not considered offensive. Colgate-Palmolive revealed that the brand would not be sold outside Asia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;For more than 35 years, we have been working together to evolve the brand, including substantial changes to the name, logo and packaging. We are currently working with our partner to review and further evolve all aspects of the brand, including the brand name,&amp;quot; a Colgate spokesman told to BBC.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53103008 Colgate reviews China's Darlie brand amid race debate], BBC, 19 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Racial inequality is under the spotlight following the murder of George Floyd, an African-American, while being arrested by the police. This triggered riots around the world and brought new momentum to the Black Lives Matter movement. Corporate America has been compelled to address this problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Darlie&amp;diff=6827616</id>
		<title>Darlie</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Darlie&amp;diff=6827616"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:54:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Darlie.jpg|thumb|Darlie toothpaste on sale at a Shanghai supermarket. PHOTOGRAPHER: ALY SONG/REUTERS]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Darlie''' originally known as Darkie, is a toothpaste brand of Hawley &amp;amp; Hazel Chemical Company established in Shanghai in 1933 and later based in Taiwan (1949) and Hong Kong (1973). Colgate-Palmolive acquired 50% of Hawley &amp;amp; Hazel later in 1985.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlie Darlie]. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Darlie emblazoned its packaging with a black-faced guy wearing a top hat and a toothy smile.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Darkie.jpg|thumb|A vintage ad for Darlie toothpaste in Shanghai. PHOTOGRAPHER: IMRAN AHMED / ALAMY STOCK PHOTO]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Racial Issue==&lt;br /&gt;
HHawley and Hazel traded Darkie's toothpaste as the spoof of the American Minstrel singer, Al Jolson, who became known for his blackface appearances. The whiteness of his teeth influenced the name and logo of the company. Dark, or Dark, is a racial word used mainly in the Western world to refer to black people. The box depicted a portrait of a black-faced, wide-eyed white man sporting a top hat, monocle and bow-tie, an image associated with minstrel shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After being acquired by Colgate-Palmolive Co, a major scandal emerged over the brand in the United States, Colgate-Palmolive CEO Ruben Mark replied by making an apology and changing the English name of the toothpaste with &amp;quot;Darlie&amp;quot; in 1989, and by modifying the logo on the packaging to show racially ambiguous faces in the top hat to prevent racial confusion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the English name on the toothpaste package was changed from Darkie to Darlie, but the soap retained its racially-charged name in Chinese. It is now named Hei Ren Yagao—&amp;quot;Black Person Toothpaste&amp;quot;—in China and is one of the nation's top sellers.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-24/ads-insensitive-to-black-people-are-still-common-in-asia In Asia, Brands Built on Racist Stereotypes Face Scrutiny], Bloomberg, 25 June 2020. Retrieved Deember 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the entry of Colgate-Palmolive, the brand continued to be sold in several Asian countries, including Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand, where its brand and logo were not considered offensive. Colgate-Palmolive revealed that the brand would not be sold outside Asia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rebranding==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;For more than 35 years, we have been working together to evolve the brand, including substantial changes to the name, logo and packaging. We are currently working with our partner to review and further evolve all aspects of the brand, including the brand name,&amp;quot; a Colgate spokesman told to BBC.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53103008 Colgate reviews China's Darlie brand amid race debate], BBC, 19 June 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Racial inequality is under the spotlight following the murder of George Floyd, an African-American, while being arrested by the police. This triggered riots around the world and brought new momentum to the Black Lives Matter movement. Corporate America has been compelled to address this problem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Watsons&amp;diff=6827615</id>
		<title>Watsons</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Watsons&amp;diff=6827615"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:52:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Watson MY Commercial.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Watsons&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; is a health care and beauty care chain store in Asia. It is the flagship health and beauty brand of the A.S. Watson Group, which is majority owned by CK Hutchison Holdings.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watsons Watsons]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Back in 2017 Watsons made an advertisement that ignited an angry accusation of bigotry as it portrays a woman with 'blackface' as unacceptable. Watson really created this ad to celebrate Eid Al-Fitr' and called the ad &amp;quot;''Legendary Cun Raya 2017.''&amp;quot; This 15-minute commercial created a stir in culture to be racist to dark-colored skin racial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
The plot was based around a king called Al-Kazam who was searching for the owner of an enchanting voice in his dream. Frightened by the dream as the dream repeats, he wanted to take part in a contest to find a girlfriend. Al-Kazam brings together stunning people from all over the world and the contest begins. Women from Thailand, Japan, India, Europe, Indonesia are starting to demonstrate their own individuality to win over Al-Kazam, but none of them captivate the king. &lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Watsons MY.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
Then came in a woman (her face all covered by a scarf) singing beautifully and captivated the king and all the audience with her voice. Found what he's been looking for, the King happily comes to the woman and asks her to reveal her face by saying, &amp;quot;You've got a lovely voice, your face must be beautiful, too. Show me the face &amp;quot;. Then the woman open the scarf and shows her all black face, Al-Kazam exclaims in shocked &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Oh my God&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Where are the lights?&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;She is actually dark?&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Panic Al-Kazam calls his servant and the woman goes away.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the contest starts to end the guard announces the winner and the winner is &amp;quot;Rapunzel&amp;quot; from Europe. When Rapunzel begins to make her speech, the guard declared that he had made an error, the winner was not Rapunzel, but the lady with a pretty voice but a dark face called Harum Senandung. Suddenly Harum Senandung appears with her beautiful fair skin and said &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;I am not dark, in fact I am flawless. I just came back from washing my face&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. Harum Senandung says she's testing the King if the King really likes her, no matter how she looks. The King promptly asked her to marry him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Why is it Controversial==&lt;br /&gt;
It's intention is clear, the black face is ugly, the white face is nicer, which isn't all right. This commercial simply reveals that black skin is less appealing and less desirable than white and fair skin. By that offense, the black/dark skin race is less beautiful than it is too ignorant and sexist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
Realized their ad caused stir in community Watsons Malaysia apologized publicly for the ad and withdrew it shortly after it went viral. Watson wrote a letter of official apologies on 8 June 2017 saying that they have no intention of offending. The company said the commercial was about the legend of Dayang Senandong (1965), which is a Malay folklore about a woman 'cursed with dark skin but blessed with a beautiful voice'. &amp;quot;It was our intention to convey concepts of inner and outer beauty, unfortunately the video instead offended many.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/watsons-malaysias-blackface-video-blasted-on-social-media-for-being-racist-sexist Watsons Malaysia's 'blackface' video blasted on social media for being racist, sexist], The Straits Times, 8 June 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its statement added: 'We stand firm on the belief that unity and fairness plays an important role, and we respect people from all nationalities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dunphy, Liz (2017). [https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4656648/Blackface-ad-Malaysian-beauty-chain-sparks-outrage.html 'I am not dark, I am flawless': Advert for Malaysian beauty chain sparks furious allegations of racism when it depicts a woman with 'blackface' as being undesirable], dailymail.co.uk, 1 July 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the ad at [https://videos.dailymail.co.uk/video/mol/2017/07/01/3901230337614002675/1024x576_MP4_3901230337614002675.mp4 Dailymail]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the full ad at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnlxAddHP1Y Youtube]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Watsons&amp;diff=6827613</id>
		<title>Watsons</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Watsons&amp;diff=6827613"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:49:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Watson MY Commercial.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Watsons&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; is a health care and beauty care chain store in Asia. It is the flagship health and beauty brand of the A.S. Watson Group, which is majority owned by CK Hutchison Holdings.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watsons Watsons]. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Back in 2017 Watsons made an advertisement that ignited an angry accusation of bigotry as it portrays a woman with 'blackface' as unacceptable. Watson really created this ad to celebrate Eid Al-Fitr' and called the ad &amp;quot;''Legendary Cun Raya 2017.''&amp;quot; This 15-minute commercial created a stir in culture to be racist to dark-colored skin racial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
The plot was based around a king called Al-Kazam who was searching for the owner of an enchanting voice in his dream. Frightened by the dream as the dream repeats, he wanted to take part in a contest to find a girlfriend. Al-Kazam brings together stunning people from all over the world and the contest begins. Women from Thailand, Japan, India, Europe, Indonesia are starting to demonstrate their own individuality to win over Al-Kazam, but none of them captivate the king. &lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Watsons MY.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
Then came in a woman (her face all covered by a scarf) singing beautifully and captivated the king and all the audience with her voice. Found what he's been looking for, the King happily comes to the woman and asks her to reveal her face by saying, &amp;quot;You've got a lovely voice, your face must be beautiful, too. Show me the face &amp;quot;. Then the woman open the scarf and shows her all black face, Al-Kazam exclaims in shocked &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Oh my God&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Where are the lights?&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;She is actually dark?&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Panic Al-Kazam calls his servant and the woman goes away.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the contest starts to end the guard announces the winner and the winner is &amp;quot;Rapunzel&amp;quot; from Europe. When Rapunzel begins to make her speech, the guard declared that he had made an error, the winner was not Rapunzel, but the lady with a pretty voice but a dark face called Harum Senandung. Suddenly Harum Senandung appears with her beautiful fair skin and said &amp;quot;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;I am not dark, in fact I am flawless. I just came back from washing my face&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. Harum Senandung says she's testing the King if the King really likes her, no matter how she looks. The King promptly asked her to marry him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Why is it Controversial==&lt;br /&gt;
It's intention is clear, the black face is ugly, the white face is nicer, which isn't all right. This commercial simply reveals that black skin is less appealing and less desirable than white and fair skin. By that offense, the black/dark skin race is less beautiful than it is too ignorant and sexist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
Realized their ad caused stir in community Watsons Malaysia apologized publicly for the ad and withdrew it shortly after it went viral. Watson wrote a formal apology letter in 8 June 2017 saying it was not their intention to offend. The company said the ad was about the legend of Dayang Senandong (1965), which is Malay folklore about a lady 'cursed with black skin but blessed with a beautiful voice'. &amp;quot;It was our intention to convey concepts of inner and outer beauty, unfortunately the video instead offended many.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/watsons-malaysias-blackface-video-blasted-on-social-media-for-being-racist-sexist Watsons Malaysia's 'blackface' video blasted on social media for being racist, sexist], The Straits Times, 8 June 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its statement added: 'We stand firm on the belief that unity and fairness plays an important role, and we respect people from all nationalities.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dunphy, Liz (2017). [https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4656648/Blackface-ad-Malaysian-beauty-chain-sparks-outrage.html 'I am not dark, I am flawless': Advert for Malaysian beauty chain sparks furious allegations of racism when it depicts a woman with 'blackface' as being undesirable], dailymail.co.uk, 1 July 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the ad at [https://videos.dailymail.co.uk/video/mol/2017/07/01/3901230337614002675/1024x576_MP4_3901230337614002675.mp4 Dailymail]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the full ad at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnlxAddHP1Y Youtube]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Qiaobi&amp;diff=6827609</id>
		<title>Qiaobi</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Qiaobi&amp;diff=6827609"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:42:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Qiaobi&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; is a domestic Chinese brand of cleaning products. Back in 2016 they made a commercial that backfired due to racial issue to black ethnic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apparently, the advert had been broadcast in China for months, without much controversy, before the flicker of internet discontent was picked up by the local English-language website. It shared a link to the ad and, in a matter of hours, it had gone viral, sparking a global debate about racism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/28/china-racist-detergent-advert-outrage The Guardian], 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
A young Chinese woman is doing her laundry service. Then a black man comes in, with paint streaks on his face and shirt. They're looking at each other suggestively. She places a detergent tab in his mouth and then puts it in the washing machine. Hey, Voila! He appears as a fair-skinned Chinese man. Apparently, the lady doing the washing is pleased by the strength of the detergent.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qiaobi.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Why is it Controversial==&lt;br /&gt;
In 49 seconds of commercial Qiaobi advertised the efficacy of its cleaning power by showing a young woman putting a Black man in a washing machine and then dragging a light-skinned Asian man out of his spot.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-24/ads-insensitive-to-black-people-are-still-common-in-asia Bloomberg News], June 25, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This gesture was deeply criticized and denounced by racial prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;This ad is blatantly racist... it's also a reminder that attitudes over race and skin colour in China can be very bad,&amp;quot; said Vox.com.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/chinese-firm-behind-racist-detergent-ad-tells-critics-to-lighten-up The Straits Times], May 28, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Apology==&lt;br /&gt;
The producer of Qiaobi apologized to the public for the contentiousness of the advertisement. And in an apology statement late Saturday, Shanghai Leishang Cosmetics Ltd Co also criticized international media for amplifying the commercial. It first emerged in March, but was suspended in the midst of demonstrations this week, after widespread media reports of the controversy. &amp;quot;We express our apology for the harm caused to the African people because of the spread of the ad and the over-amplification by the media.&amp;quot; it said. &amp;quot;We sincerely hope the public and the media will not over-read it.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-36407651 BBC News], May 29, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The firm confirms it has withdrawn access to the advertisement, and would like everyone to avoid posting it publicly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch the ad at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Few8kJ0zfnY Youtube]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Commercials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Song_of_the_South&amp;diff=6827606</id>
		<title>Song of the South</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Song_of_the_South&amp;diff=6827606"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:35:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Song-of-the-south.jpg|250px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Song of the South&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;, a live-action/animation hybrid released by RKO Radio Pictures and produced by Walt Disney back in 1946. Harve Foster and Wilfred Jackson directed Song of the South. The film follows an innocent young boy named Johnny (Bobby Driscoll) from Atlanta who moves with his mother to his grandmother's plantation, based on author Joel Chandler Harris' collection of Uncle Remus stories. (His father remains in Atlanta to work as a newspaper editor) On the plantation, Uncle Remus (James Baskett) teaches Johnny a series of life lessons through stories about the animated Br'er Rabbit (voiced by Johnny Lee) and his quest to avoid Br'er Fox (Baskett) and Br'er Bear (Baskett) (Nick Stewart). Among these cartoon interludes is &amp;quot;Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah,&amp;quot; which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and is one of the most well-known and well-loved songs of all time in the Disney library.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Matt Singer. [https://screencrush.com/song-of-the-south-racism/ Just How Racist Is ‘Song of the South,’ Disney’s Most Notorious Movie?], screencrush.com, March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
Johnny, seven years old, is looking forward to a vacation with his parents, Sally and John Sr., at his grandmother's Georgia plantation. When they arrive at the plantation, he learns that his parents will be living apart for the time being, and that he will be living with his mother and grandmother at the plantation while his father returns to Atlanta to resume his job. Johnny, distraught about his father's departure, sneaks away to Atlanta with just a bindle that night.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Remuskids.jpg|250px|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
The voice of Uncle Remus telling stories about a character named Br'er Rabbit draws Johnny away from the plantation. By this time, word of Johnny's disappearance had spread throughout the plantation, and some residents were on the lookout for him. Johnny manages to avoid detection, but Uncle Remus finds him, befriends him, provides him with food for his journey, and takes him back to his cabin, where he tells him the traditional African-American folktale &amp;quot;Br'er Rabbit Earns a Dollar a Minute.&amp;quot; Br'er Rabbit tries to run away from home in the story, but after meeting Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear, he reconsiders. Johnny heeds Uncle Remus' advice and allows him to return to his mother.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Toby, a young black boy who lives on the plantation, and Ginny Favers, a poor white girl, become Johnny's friends. After her two older brothers, Joe and Jake, threaten to drown the puppy, Ginny gives it to Johnny. Johnny's mother won't let him keep the puppy, so he gives it to Uncle Remus. Uncle Remus takes the dog in and tells the story of Br'er Rabbit and the Tar-Baby to Johnny and his friends. The boys go to their mother to talk about the dog, only to discover that Johnny had duped them. They tell Sally about the dog as a form of retaliation. She is irritated that Johnny and Uncle Remus kept the dog against her wishes. Uncle Remus is told not to tell any more stories to her son.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Johnny's birthday arrives, he picks Ginny up and takes her to his party. Joe and Jake push Ginny into a mud puddle on the way there. Ginny is unable to attend the party because her dress has been ruined, and she runs away crying. Uncle Remus intervenes in Johnny's fight with the boys, breaking up the fight. Johnny rushes off to console Ginny, who expresses his reluctance to leave. Sally becomes enraged at Johnny for missing his own birthday party and tells Uncle Remus not to spend any more time with him when the three return to the plantation. Uncle Remus packs his belongings and departs for Atlanta, saddened by the misunderstanding of his good intentions. Johnny rushes to stop him, but he is seriously injured after cutting through a pasture. Johnny's father appears as he teeters between life and death. Johnny summons Uncle Remus, who is escorted in by his grandmother. Uncle Remus starts telling a story about Br'er Rabbit and the Laughing Place, and the youngster miraculously survives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later, a fully recovered Johnny sings with Ginny and Toby, accompanied by Johnny's returned puppy. When Br'er Rabbit and several other characters from Uncle Remus' stories emerge in front of them and engage with the youngsters, Uncle Remus is taken aback. Uncle Remus joins the group, and they all skip away into the sunset together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Controversy==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Song of the South has been a source of contention since its initial release. Some reviewers have called the film's depiction of African Americans racist and offensive, claiming that the black vernacular and other characteristics are stereotypes. Disney has not launched Song of the South on any home video format in the United States as a result of the dispute.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_the_South#cite_note-Watts_2001-74 Song of the South]. Retrieved December 22, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many instances of pernicious bigotry in Song of the South on the surface: the ministry of cartoon characters, in particular Br'er Fox; the dialect in dialogue; the roaming chorus singing traditional black songs; and, most notoriously, the fable in which Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear use a tar kid to fool and snare Br'er Rabbit. (That part didn’t make Splash Mountain.) Yet the subtle low point of the film comes from Remus' narration just before Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah, when he recalls how things were “a long time ago,,” when “every day was mighty satisfactual”. “If you’ll excuse me for saying so,” he adds, “’twas better all around.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Scott Tobias. [https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/nov/19/song-of-the-south-the-difficult-legacy-of-disneys-most-shocking-movie Song of the South: the difficult legacy of Disney's most shocking movie], theguardian.com, 19 November 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., a congressman from Harlem, branded the film as &amp;quot;an insult to American immigrants [and] all that America as a whole stands for.&amp;quot; The National Black Congress set up picket lines in theaters in the major cities where the film was being played, with its demonstrators raising posters that read &amp;quot;Song of the South is an insult to the Black community&amp;quot; and chanting &amp;quot;Jingle Bells&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Disney says, Disney tells/lies about the South.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Watts, Steven (2001). [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=NgARIndAbjAC&amp;amp;q=song+of+the+south&amp;amp;redir_esc=y#v=snippet&amp;amp;q=song%20of%20the%20south&amp;amp;f=false The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life]. University of Missouri Press. pp. 276–277. ISBN 0-8262-1379-0.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some of the black press had mixed responses to the Southern Song. Although Richard B. Dier in The Afro-American was &amp;quot;very appalled&amp;quot; by the film for being &amp;quot;as vicious a piece of propaganda for white supremacy as Hollywood has ever made&amp;quot; Herman Hill, in The Pittsburgh Courier, thought the Song of the South would &amp;quot;prove inestimable goodwill in the furtherance of interracial relations&amp;quot; and found the film's critique to be &amp;quot;unadulterated hogwash symptomatic of the unfortunate racial neurosis that so many of our humorless brothers appear to be gripping these days.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gevinson, Alan (1997). Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911-1960. California: University of California Press. p. 956. ISBN 978-0520209640&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Release==&lt;br /&gt;
Song of the South has never been released as a home video in the United States. Disney CEO Bob Iger said, &amp;quot;It wouldn't be in the best interests of our shareholders to put it back even if there would be any financial benefit.&amp;quot; However, there is a release of VHS and LaserDisc abroad.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Ryan Lattanzio. [https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/song-of-the-south-disney-you-must-remember-this/ ‘Song of the South’: 10 Fast Facts About Disney’s Most Controversial Movie], indiewire.com, 3 November 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the release for the film's 40th anniversary in 1986, Song of the South was sealed in a vault. Asked if the movie ever had a DVD release, Disney CEO Bob Iger called it &amp;quot;antiquated&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;fairly violent.&amp;quot; While Disneyland's Splash Mountain is entirely devoted to the forgotten feature, South Song is scarcely spoken of in any way other than a racial misstep for the studio.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Tom Chapman. [https://www.cbr.com/offensive-classic-cartoons-that-should-be-censored/ 15 Classic Cartoons That Would Definitely Be Censored Today]&amp;quot;, cbr.com, 27 November 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Song of the South at [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038969/ IMDb]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Song of the South at [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/song_of_the_south Rotten Tomatoes]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Cartoons]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Black Racism in Drama Movies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Hiawatha%27s_Rabbit_Hunt&amp;diff=6827597</id>
		<title>Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://blackwiki.org/index.php?title=Hiawatha%27s_Rabbit_Hunt&amp;diff=6827597"/>
		<updated>2021-03-11T15:12:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rinrin: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; is a Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. This cartoon starring Bugs Bunny and released by Warner Bros on June 7, 1941.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiawatha%27s_Rabbit_Hunt Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt]. Retrieved December 22, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Hiawathas rabbit hunt.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==Plot==&lt;br /&gt;
Bugs is reading The Song of Hiawatha to himself when the story comes to life when a pint-sized Hiawatha (minus the speech impediment) appears, paddling his canoe. Hiawatha is on the hunt for a rabbit to eat for dinner. Hiawatha deceives Bugs into believing he is preparing a warm bath for him. When Hiawatha casually mentions that he's having rabbit stew for supper, Bugs quickly abandons the pot.&lt;br /&gt;
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Bugs, like Elmer, spends the rest of the cartoon tormenting his would-be devourer, who breaks his bow in rage and disgust and paddles his canoe away as Bugs finishes reading his poem. However, the irritated Hiawatha reappears in the foreground, where Bugs is reading the story, and after a brief exchange of stares, Hiawatha gives Bugs the &amp;quot;insulting kiss&amp;quot; that the bunny usually bestows on others. Bugs &amp;quot;spits out&amp;quot; the kiss as Hiawatha paddles away again.[[File:Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt.png|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
==The Controversy==&lt;br /&gt;
This cartoon, along with What's Cookin' Doc, was pulled from Cartoon Network's 2001 June Bugs marathon by its then-current owner, AOL Time Warner, due to its stereotypical portrayal of Native Americans.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://looneytunes.fandom.com/wiki/Hiawatha%27s_Rabbit_Hunt Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt], Looney Tunes Fandom. Retrieved December 22, 2020.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Native Americans in this cartoon are depicted as having dark skin and being slow-witted while preparing a rabbit stew for diner.&lt;br /&gt;
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==External Link==&lt;br /&gt;
Watch Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt at [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6gu9tk Dailymotion]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt at [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0033715/ IMDb]&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category: Black Racism in Cartoons]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rinrin</name></author>
		
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