Difference between revisions of "Template:Effects of feminizing hormone therapy in transgender women"
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| − | {| class="wikitable sortable | + | <center> |
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| + | |+ {{Navbar|Effects of feminizing hormone therapy in transgender women|mini=y}} {{Resize|105%|Effects of {{No selflink|Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female)#Effects|feminizing hormone therapy}} in transgender women}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Effect !! Time to expected<br />onset of effect | + | ! Effect !! Time to expected<br />onset of effect{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=estimates|Estimates represent published and unpublished clinical observations.}} !! Time to expected<br />maximum effect{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=estimates}}{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=maximum|Time at which further changes are unlikely at maximum maintained dose. Maximum effects vary widely depending on [[genetics]], [[body habitus]], [[ageing|age]], and status of [[gonadectomy|gonad removal]]. Generally, older individuals with intact [[gonad]]s may have less [[feminization (biology)|feminization]] overall.}} |
| + | ! Permanency if hormone<br />therapy is stopped | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Breast development]] and [[nipple]]/[[areola|areolar]] enlargement || 2–6 months || 1–3 years || Permanent | | [[Breast development]] and [[nipple]]/[[areola|areolar]] enlargement || 2–6 months || 1–3 years || Permanent | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Thinning/slowed [[hair growth|growth]] of [[facial hair|facial]]/[[body hair]] || 4–12 months || >3 years | + | | Thinning/slowed [[hair growth|growth]] of [[facial hair|facial]]/[[body hair]] || 4–12 months || >3 years{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=hair-removal|Complete removal of male facial and body hair requires [[electrolysis]], [[laser hair removal]], or both. Temporary [[hair removal]] can be achieved with [[shaving]], [[epilator|epilating]], [[waxing]], and other methods.}} || Reversible |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Cessation/reversal of [[male-pattern scalp hair loss]] || 1–3 months || 1–2 years | + | | Cessation/reversal of [[male-pattern scalp hair loss]] || 1–3 months || 1–2 years{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=hair-loss|[[Familial scalp hair loss]] may occur if estrogens are stopped.}} || Reversible |
|- | |- | ||
| Softening of [[human skin|skin]]/decreased [[oily skin|oiliness]] and [[acne]] || 3–6 months || Unknown || Reversible | | Softening of [[human skin|skin]]/decreased [[oily skin|oiliness]] and [[acne]] || 3–6 months || Unknown || Reversible | ||
| Line 14: | Line 16: | ||
| [[Gynoid fat distribution|Redistribution of body fat in a feminine pattern]] || 3–6 months || 2–5 years || Reversible | | [[Gynoid fat distribution|Redistribution of body fat in a feminine pattern]] || 3–6 months || 2–5 years || Reversible | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Muscle atrophy|Decreased muscle mass/strength]] || 3–6 months || 1–2 years | + | | [[Muscle atrophy|Decreased muscle mass/strength]] || 3–6 months || 1–2 years{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=exercise|Varies significantly depending on the amount of [[physical exercise]].}} || Reversible |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Widening of the hips|Widening and rounding of the pelvis]] | + | | [[Widening of the hips|Widening and rounding of the pelvis]]{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=epiphyseal-closure|Occurs only in individuals of [[puberty|pubertal]] age who have not yet completed [[epiphyseal closure]].}} || Unspecified || Unspecified || Permanent |
|- | |- | ||
| Changes in [[mood (psychology)|mood]], [[emotionality]], and [[human behavior|behavior]] || Unspecified || Unspecified || Reversible | | Changes in [[mood (psychology)|mood]], [[emotionality]], and [[human behavior|behavior]] || Unspecified || Unspecified || Reversible | ||
| Line 26: | Line 28: | ||
| [[Erectile dysfunction]] and [[decreased ejaculate volume]] || 1–3 months || Variable || Reversible | | [[Erectile dysfunction]] and [[decreased ejaculate volume]] || 1–3 months || Variable || Reversible | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Decreased [[spermatogenesis|sperm production]]/[[male fertility|fertility]] || Unknown || >3 years || Reversible or permanent | + | | Decreased [[spermatogenesis|sperm production]]/[[male fertility|fertility]] || Unknown || >3 years || Reversible or permanent{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=fertility|Additional research is needed to determine permanency, but a permanent impact of estrogen therapy on [[sperm quality]] is likely and [[semen cryopreservation|sperm preservation]] options should be counseled on and considered before initiation of therapy.}} |
|- | |- | ||
| Decreased [[testicle]] size || 3–6 months || 2–3 years || Unknown | | Decreased [[testicle]] size || 3–6 months || 2–3 years || Unknown | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Decreased [[penis]] size || None< | + | | Decreased [[penis]] size || None{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=penis-size|Conflicting reports, with none reported observed in transgender women but significant albeit minor reduction of penis size reported in men with [[prostate cancer]] on [[androgen deprivation therapy]].<noinclude><ref name="pmid20626600">{{cite journal | vauthors = Elliott S, Latini DM, Walker LM, Wassersug R, Robinson JW | title = Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: recommendations to improve patient and partner quality of life | journal = J Sex Med | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 2996–3010 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20626600 | doi = 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01902.x }}</ref><ref name="pmid12667885">{{cite journal | vauthors = Higano CS | title = Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity | journal = Urology | volume = 61 | issue = 2 Suppl 1 | pages = 32–8 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12667885 | doi = 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02397-X }}</ref><ref name="pmid23008326">{{cite journal | vauthors = Higano CS | title = Sexuality and intimacy after definitive treatment and subsequent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer | journal = J. Clin. Oncol. | volume = 30 | issue = 30 | pages = 3720–5 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23008326 | doi = 10.1200/JCO.2012.41.8509 }}</ref><ref name="NieschlagBehre2013">{{cite book|author1=Eberhard Nieschlag|author2=Hermann Behre|title=Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05fsCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|date=29 June 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-662-04491-9|pages=54–}}</ref></noinclude>}} || Not applicable || Not applicable |
|- | |- | ||
| Decreased [[prostate gland]] size || Unspecified || Unspecified || Unspecified | | Decreased [[prostate gland]] size || Unspecified || Unspecified || Unspecified | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Human voice|Voice]] changes || None | + | | [[Human voice|Voice]] changes || None{{efn|group=mtfhrtefx|name=voice|Treatment by [[speech pathologist]]s for [[voice training]] is effective.}} || Not applicable || Not applicable |
|- class="sortbottom" | |- class="sortbottom" | ||
| − | | colspan=" | + | | colspan="4" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0; text-align: center;" | {{Hidden | <noinclude>expanded = true |</noinclude> header = Footnotes and sources | content = '''Footnotes:''' {{notelist|group=mtfhrtefx}} |
| − | < | + | '''Sources:''' <noinclude>''Guidelines:'' <ref name="pmid28945902">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, Rosenthal SM, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, T'Sjoen GG | title = Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 102 | issue = 11 | pages = 3869–3903 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 28945902 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2017-01658 | s2cid = 3726467 | url = https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-pdf/102/11/3869/21533864/jc.2017-01658.pdf}}</ref><ref name="ColemanBockting2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Coleman | first1 = E. | last2 = Bockting | first2 = W. | last3 = Botzer | first3 = M. | last4 = Cohen-Kettenis | first4 = P. | last5 = DeCuypere | first5 = G.| last6 = Feldman | first6 = J. | last7 = Fraser | first7 = L. | last8 = Green | first8 = J. | last9 = Knudson | first9 = G. | last10 = Meyer | first10 = W. J.| last11 = Monstrey | first11 = S. | last12 = Adler | first12 = R. K. | last13 = Brown | first13 = G. R. | last14 = Devor | first14 = A. H. | last15 = Ehrbar | first15 = R. | last16 = Ettner | first16 = R. | last17 = Eyler | first17 = E. | last18 = Garofalo | first18 = R. | last19 = Karasic | first19 = D. H. | last20 = Lev | first20 = A. I. | last21 = Mayer | first21 = G. | last22 = Meyer-Bahlburg | first22 = H. | last23 = Hall | first23 = B. P. | last24 = Pfaefflin | first24 = F. | last25 = Rachlin | first25 = K. | last26 = Robinson | first26 = B. | last27 = Schechter | first27 = L. S. | last28 = Tangpricha | first28 = V. | last29 = van Trotsenburg |first29 = M. | last30 = Vitale | first30 = A. | last31 = Winter | first31 = S. | last32 = Whittle | first32 = S. | last33 = Wylie | first33 = K. R. | last34 = Zucker | first34 = K. | title = Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7 | journal = [[International Journal of Transgenderism]] | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | year = 2012 | pages = 165–232 | issn = 1553-2739 | doi = 10.1080/15532739.2011.700873 | s2cid = 39664779 | url = https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Documents/Web%20Transfer/SOC/Standards%20of%20Care%20V7%20-%202011%20WPATH.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Bourns2018">{{cite web | last1 = Bourns | first1 = Amy | title = Guidelines and Protocols for Comprehensive Primary Care for Trans Clients | publisher = Sherbourne Health Centre | year = 2015 | access-date = 15 August 2018 | url = http://sherbourne.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Guidelines-and-Protocols-for-Comprehensive-Primary-Care-for-Trans-Clients-2015.pdf}}</ref> ''Reviews/book chapters:'' <ref name="pmid28159148">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wesp LM, Deutsch MB | title = Hormonal and Surgical Treatment Options for Transgender Women and Transfeminine Spectrum Persons | journal = Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | pages = 99–111 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28159148 | doi = 10.1016/j.psc.2016.10.006 }}</ref><ref name="FisherMaggi2015">{{cite book | last1 = Fisher | first1 = Alessandra Daphne | last2 = Maggi | first2 = Mario | title = Management of Gender Dysphoria | chapter = Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Male-to-Female Persons | year = 2015 | pages = 83–91 | doi = 10.1007/978-88-470-5696-1_10| isbn = 978-88-470-5695-4 }}</ref><ref name="pmid25403429">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fabris B, Bernardi S, Trombetta C | title = Cross-sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria | journal = J. Endocrinol. Invest. | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = 269–82 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25403429 | doi = 10.1007/s40618-014-0186-2 | s2cid = 207503049 }}</ref><ref name="Radix2016">{{cite book | last1 = Radix | first1 = Asa E. | title = Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Healthcare | chapter = Medical Transition for Transgender Individuals | year = 2016 | pages = 351–361 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-19752-4_19| isbn = 978-3-319-19751-7 }}</ref><ref name="pmid27916515">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tangpricha V, den Heijer M | title = Oestrogen and anti-androgen therapy for transgender women | journal = Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–300 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 27916515 | pmc = 5366074 | doi = 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30319-9 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12915619">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moore E, Wisniewski A, Dobs A | title = Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: a review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 88 | issue = 8 | pages = 3467–73 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12915619 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2002-021967}}</ref><ref name="AsschemanGooren1993">{{cite journal | last1 = Asscheman | first1 = Henk | last2 = Gooren | first2 = Louis J.G. | title = Hormone Treatment in Transsexuals | journal = Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | year = 1993 | pages = 39–54 | issn = 0890-7064 | doi = 10.1300/J056v05n04_03}}</ref><ref name="pmid14510900">{{cite journal | vauthors = Levy A, Crown A, Reid R | title = Endocrine intervention for transsexuals | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) | volume = 59 | issue = 4 | pages = 409–18 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 14510900 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01821.x | s2cid = 24493388 }}</ref> ''Studies:'' <ref name="deKlaver2016">{{cite journal | last1 = de | first1 = Blok Christel | last2 = Klaver | first2 = Maartje | last3 = Nota | first3 = Nienke | last4 = Dekker | first4 = Marieke | last5 = den | first5 = Heijer Martin | title = Breast development in male-to-female transgender patients after one year cross-sex hormonal treatment | journal = Endocrine Abstracts | year = 2016 | issn = 1479-6848 | doi = 10.1530/endoabs.41.GP146}}</ref><ref name="pmid29165635">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Blok CJ, Klaver M, Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, Heijboer AC, Fisher AD, Schreiner T, T'Sjoen G, den Heijer M | title = Breast Development in Transwomen After 1 Year of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study | journal = J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | volume = 103 | issue = 2 | pages = 532–538 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29165635 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2017-01927 | s2cid = 3716975 }}</ref></noinclude><includeonly>See template.</includeonly>}} |
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--><noinclude>{{Documentation|content= | --><noinclude>{{Documentation|content= | ||
Latest revision as of 16:33, 16 December 2020
| Effect | Time to expected onset of effect[lower-alpha 1] |
Time to expected maximum effect[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] |
Permanency if hormone therapy is stopped |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast development and nipple/areolar enlargement | 2–6 months | 1–3 years | Permanent |
| Thinning/slowed growth of facial/body hair | 4–12 months | >3 years[lower-alpha 3] | Reversible |
| Cessation/reversal of male-pattern scalp hair loss | 1–3 months | 1–2 years[lower-alpha 4] | Reversible |
| Softening of skin/decreased oiliness and acne | 3–6 months | Unknown | Reversible |
| Redistribution of body fat in a feminine pattern | 3–6 months | 2–5 years | Reversible |
| Decreased muscle mass/strength | 3–6 months | 1–2 years[lower-alpha 5] | Reversible |
| Widening and rounding of the pelvis[lower-alpha 6] | Unspecified | Unspecified | Permanent |
| Changes in mood, emotionality, and behavior | Unspecified | Unspecified | Reversible |
| Decreased sex drive | 1–3 months | 3–6 months | Reversible |
| Decreased spontaneous/morning erections | 1–3 months | 3–6 months | Reversible |
| Erectile dysfunction and decreased ejaculate volume | 1–3 months | Variable | Reversible |
| Decreased sperm production/fertility | Unknown | >3 years | Reversible or permanent[lower-alpha 7] |
| Decreased testicle size | 3–6 months | 2–3 years | Unknown |
| Decreased penis size | None[lower-alpha 8] | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Decreased prostate gland size | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified |
| Voice changes | None[lower-alpha 9] | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Footnotes and sources
Footnotes:
| |||
References
- ↑ Elliott S, Latini DM, Walker LM, Wassersug R, Robinson JW (September 2010). "Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: recommendations to improve patient and partner quality of life". J Sex Med. 7 (9): 2996–3010. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01902.x. PMID 20626600.
- ↑ Higano CS (February 2003). "Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity". Urology. 61 (2 Suppl 1): 32–8. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02397-X. PMID 12667885.
- ↑ Higano CS (October 2012). "Sexuality and intimacy after definitive treatment and subsequent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer". J. Clin. Oncol. 30 (30): 3720–5. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.41.8509. PMID 23008326.
- ↑ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann Behre (29 June 2013). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-3-662-04491-9.
- ↑ Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, Rosenthal SM, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, T'Sjoen GG (November 2017). "Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline" (PDF). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102 (11): 3869–3903. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01658. PMID 28945902. S2CID 3726467.
- ↑ Coleman, E.; Bockting, W.; Botzer, M.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.; DeCuypere, G.; Feldman, J.; Fraser, L.; Green, J.; Knudson, G.; Meyer, W. J.; Monstrey, S.; Adler, R. K.; Brown, G. R.; Devor, A. H.; Ehrbar, R.; Ettner, R.; Eyler, E.; Garofalo, R.; Karasic, D. H.; Lev, A. I.; Mayer, G.; Meyer-Bahlburg, H.; Hall, B. P.; Pfaefflin, F.; Rachlin, K.; Robinson, B.; Schechter, L. S.; Tangpricha, V.; van Trotsenburg, M.; Vitale, A.; Winter, S.; Whittle, S.; Wylie, K. R.; Zucker, K. (2012). "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7" (PDF). International Journal of Transgenderism. 13 (4): 165–232. doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873. ISSN 1553-2739. S2CID 39664779.
- ↑ Bourns, Amy (2015). "Guidelines and Protocols for Comprehensive Primary Care for Trans Clients" (PDF). Sherbourne Health Centre. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ Wesp LM, Deutsch MB (March 2017). "Hormonal and Surgical Treatment Options for Transgender Women and Transfeminine Spectrum Persons". Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 40 (1): 99–111. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2016.10.006. PMID 28159148.
- ↑ Fisher, Alessandra Daphne; Maggi, Mario (2015). "Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Male-to-Female Persons". Management of Gender Dysphoria. pp. 83–91. doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5696-1_10. ISBN 978-88-470-5695-4.
- ↑ Fabris B, Bernardi S, Trombetta C (March 2015). "Cross-sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 38 (3): 269–82. doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0186-2. PMID 25403429. S2CID 207503049.
- ↑ Radix, Asa E. (2016). "Medical Transition for Transgender Individuals". Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Healthcare. pp. 351–361. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19752-4_19. ISBN 978-3-319-19751-7.
- ↑ Tangpricha V, den Heijer M (April 2017). "Oestrogen and anti-androgen therapy for transgender women". Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 5 (4): 291–300. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30319-9. PMC 5366074. PMID 27916515.
- ↑ Moore E, Wisniewski A, Dobs A (August 2003). "Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: a review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 88 (8): 3467–73. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021967. PMID 12915619.
- ↑ Asscheman, Henk; Gooren, Louis J.G. (1993). "Hormone Treatment in Transsexuals". Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 5 (4): 39–54. doi:10.1300/J056v05n04_03. ISSN 0890-7064.
- ↑ Levy A, Crown A, Reid R (October 2003). "Endocrine intervention for transsexuals". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 59 (4): 409–18. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01821.x. PMID 14510900. S2CID 24493388.
- ↑ de, Blok Christel; Klaver, Maartje; Nota, Nienke; Dekker, Marieke; den, Heijer Martin (2016). "Breast development in male-to-female transgender patients after one year cross-sex hormonal treatment". Endocrine Abstracts. doi:10.1530/endoabs.41.GP146. ISSN 1479-6848.
- ↑ de Blok CJ, Klaver M, Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, Heijboer AC, Fisher AD, Schreiner T, T'Sjoen G, den Heijer M (February 2018). "Breast Development in Transwomen After 1 Year of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103 (2): 532–538. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01927. PMID 29165635. S2CID 3716975.
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