Difference between revisions of "Template:Fall of Communism"

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imported>A young communist
imported>Charles Essie
(more fitting)
 
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{{Civil navigation
 
|name  =Fall of Communism
 
|name  =Fall of Communism
|title = Fall of Communism
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|title = [[Revolutions of 1989]]
|above = {{#if:{{{1|}}} | |[[Communism]]{{·}} [[Liberalization]] and [[Democratization]]{{·}} [[Criticism of communism]] and [[Anti-communism]]}}
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|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
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|bodyclass = hlist
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| style = wide
  
|group1 = Internal conditions
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|group1 = Internal<br/>background
|list1 = [[Era of Stagnation|Brezhnev stagnation]]{{·}} [[Cultural Revolution]]{{·}} [[Eastern Bloc]]{{·}} [[Eastern Bloc economies]]{{·}} [[Eastern Bloc politics]]{{·}} [[Eastern Bloc information dissemination]]{{·}} [[Eastern Bloc emigration and defection]]{{·}} [[KGB]]{{·}} [[Nomenklatura]]{{·}} [[Samizdat]]{{·}} [[Shortage economy]]{{·}} [[Totalitarianism]]
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|list1 =
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* [[Era of Stagnation]]
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* [[Communism]]
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* [[Anti-communism]]
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* [[Criticism of communist party rule]]  
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* [[Eastern Bloc]]
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* [[Eastern Bloc politics]]
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* [[Eastern Bloc media and propaganda]]
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* [[Emigration from the Eastern Bloc]]
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* [[KGB]]
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* [[Nomenklatura]]
 +
* [[Shortage economy]]
 +
* [[Totalitarianism]]
 +
* [[Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies]]
  
|group2 = International relations
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|group2 = International<br/>background
|list2 = [[Active measures]]{{·}} [[Cold War]]{{·}} [[List of socialist countries]]{{·}} [[Predictions of Soviet collapse]]{{·}} [[Reagan Doctrine]]{{·}} [[Soviet Empire]]{{·}} [[Terrorism and the Soviet Union]]  {{·}} [[Holy See – Soviet Union relations|Vatican opposition]]
+
|list2 =
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* [[Active measures]]
 +
* [[Cold War]]
 +
* [[List of socialist states]]
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* [[People Power Revolution]]
 +
* [[Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union]]
 +
* [[Reagan Doctrine]]
 +
* [[Soviet Empire]]
 +
* [[Terrorism and the Soviet Union]]   
 +
* [[Holy See–Soviet Union relations|Vatican Opposition]]
 +
* [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]]
  
|group3 = Reforms of socialism
+
|group3 = Reforms
|list3 = [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]]{{·}} [[Perestroika]]{{·}} [[Glasnost]]{{·}} [[Democratisation in the Soviet Union|Democratisation]]{{·}} [[Sinatra Doctrine]]
+
|list3 =
 +
* [[Uskoreniye]]
 +
* [[Perestroika]]
 +
** [[Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)|Demokratizatsiya]]
 +
** [[Khozraschyot]]
 +
** [[500 Days]]
 +
** [[Sinatra Doctrine]]
 +
* [[Glasnost]]
 +
* [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]]
 +
* [[Đổi Mới]]
 +
|group4 = Government<br/>leaders
 +
|list4  =
 +
* [[Ramiz Alia]]
 +
* [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]
 +
* [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
 +
* [[Károly Grósz]]
 +
* [[Erich Honecker]]
 +
* [[Miloš Jakeš]]
 +
* [[Egon Krenz]]
 +
* [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]
 +
* [[Slobodan Milošević]]
 +
* [[Mathieu Kérékou]]
 +
* [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
 +
* [[Ne Win]]
 +
* [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]
 +
* [[Heng Samrin]]
 +
* [[Deng Xiaoping]]
 +
* [[Todor Zhivkov]]
 +
* [[Siad Barre]]
  
|group4 = Events by country
+
|group5 = Opposition<br/>methods
|list4 = Eastern Bloc countries: [[Fall of communism in Albania|Albania]]{{·}} [[End of Communism in Bulgaria (1989)|Bulgaria]]{{·}} [[Velvet Revolution|Czechoslovakia]]{{·}} [[Die Wende|East Germany]]{{·}} [[End of Communism in Hungary (1989)|Hungary]]{{·}} [[End of Communism in Poland (1989)|Poland]]{{·}} [[Romanian Revolution of 1989|Romania]]{{·}} [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]{{·}} [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] <br> Former Soviet Republics: [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic#The Gorbachev era|Armenia]]{{·}} [[History of Azerbaijan#1985—1991|Azerbaijan]]{{·}} [[Byelorussian SSR#History|Belarus]]{{·}} [[Singing Revolution|Estonia]]{{·}} [[Georgian SSR#History|Georgia]]{{·}} [[Singing Revolution|Latvia]]{{·}} [[Singing Revolution|Lithuania]]{{·}} [[History of Kazakhstan#Republic of Kazakhstan (1991–present)|Kazakhstan]]{{·}} [[History of Kyrgyzstan#Independent Kyrgyzstan|Kirghistan]]{{·}} [[History of Moldova#Gaining independence|Moldova]]{{·}} [[Russian SFSR#Russian SFSR in the early 1990s|Russia]]{{·}} [[Tajik SSR|Tajikstan]]{{·}} [[Turkmen SSR|Turkmenistan]]{{·}} [[History of Ukraine#Independence|Ukraine]]{{·}} [[Uzbek SSR|Uzbekistan]] <br>Other countries: [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]{{·}} [[People's Republic of Angola|Angola]]{{·}} [[People's Republic of Benin|Benin]] {{·}} [[8888 Uprising|Burma]]{{·}} [[United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia|Cambodia]]{{·}} [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|China]]{{·}} [[People's Republic of the Congo]]{{·}} [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]{{·}} [[1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia|Mongolia]]{{·}} [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]]{{·}} [[National Opposition Union|Nicaragua]]{{·}} [[Somalian Revolution (1986–1992)|Somalia]]{{·}} [[South Yemen]]
+
|list5 =
 +
* [[Civil resistance]]
 +
* [[Demonstration (political)|Demonstration]]s
 +
* [[Human chain (politics)|Human chain]]s
 +
* [[Magnitizdat]]
 +
* [[Polish underground press]]
 +
* [[Protest]]s
 +
* [[Samizdat]]
 +
* [[Strike action]]
  
|group5 = Communist leaders
+
|group6 = Opposition<br/>leaders
|list5 =[[Ramiz Alia]] (Albania){{·}} [[Heydar Aliyev]] (Azerbaijani SSR){{·}} [[Yuri Andropov]] (Soviet Union){{·}} [[Aung San]] (Burma){{·}} [[Siad Barre]] (Somalia){{·}} [[Fidel Castro]] (Cuba){{·}} [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] (Romania){{·}} [[Konstantin Chernenko]] (Soviet Union){{·}} [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (Soviet Union){{·}} [[Károly Grósz]] (Hungary){{·}} [[Hua Guofeng]] (China){{·}} [[Erich Honecker]] (DDR){{·}} [[Enver Hoxha]] (Albania){{·}} [[János Kádár]] (Hungary){{·}} [[Kim Il-sung]] (North Korea){{·}} [[Milouš Jakeš]] (Czechoslovakia){{·}} [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] (Poland){{·}} [[Mathieu Kérékou]] (Benin){{·}} [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] (Etiopia){{·}} [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] (Republic of Congo){{·}} [[Saparmurat Niyazov]] (Kazakh SSR){{·}} [[Kaysone Phomvihane]] (Laos){{·}} [[Pol Pot]] (Democratic Kampuchea){{·}} [[Tôn Đức Thắng]] (Vietnam){{·}} [[Phoumi Vongvichit]] (Laos){{·}} [[Ne Win]] (Burma){{·}} [[Deng Xiaoping]] (China){{·}} [[Todor Zhivkov]] (Bulgaria)
+
|list6 =
 +
* [[Lech Wałęsa]]
 +
* [[Václav Havel]]
 +
* [[Alexander Dubček]]
 +
* [[Ion Iliescu]]
 +
* [[Liu Gang]]
 +
* [[Wu'erkaixi]]
 +
* [[Chai Ling]]
 +
* [[Wang Dan (dissident)|Wang Dan]]
 +
* [[Feng Congde]]
 +
* [[Tank Man]]
 +
* [[Joachim Gauck]]
 +
* [[Sali Berisha]]
 +
* [[Sanjaasürengiin Zorig]]
 +
* [[Vladimir Bukovsky]]
 +
* [[Boris Yeltsin]]
 +
* [[Viacheslav Chornovil]]
 +
* [[Vytautas Landsbergis]]
 +
* [[Zianon Pazniak]]
 +
* [[Zhelyu Zhelev]]
 +
* [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]
 +
* [[Meles Zenawi]]
 +
* [[Isaias Afwerki]]
 +
* [[Viktor Orbán]]
 +
* [[Ronald Reagan]]
 +
* [[George H. W. Bush]]
 +
* [[Pope John Paul II]]
  
|group6 = Anti-communist leaders
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|group7 = Opposition<br/>movements
|list6 =[[Sali Berisha]] (Albania){{·}} [[Vladimir Bukovsky]] (Soviet Union){{·}} [[José Francisco Cardenal]] (Nicaragua){{·}} [[Violeta Chamorro]] (Nicaragua){{·}} [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] (Taiwan){{·}} [[Viacheslav Chornovil]] (Ukraine){{·}} [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] (Mongolia){{·}} [[Václav Havel]] (Czechoslovakia){{·}} [[Helmut Kohl]] (West Germany){{·}} [[Vytautas Landsbergis]] (Lithuania){{·}} [[Ferdinand Marcos]] (Philippines){{·}} [[Slobodan Milosevic]] (Serbia and Montenegro){{·}} [[Augusto Pinochet]] (Chile){{·}} [[Ronald Reagan]] (United States of America){{·}} [[Lee Teng-hui]] (Taiwan){{·}} [[Margaret Thatcher]] (United Kingdom){{·}} [[Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores]] (Guatemala){{·}} [[Lech Wałęsa]] (Poland){{·}} [[Boris Yeltsin]] (Russia){{·}} [[Zhelyu Zhelev]] (Bulgaria)
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|list7 =
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* [[Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation]]
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* [[Charter 77]]
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* [[New Forum]]
 +
* [[Civic Forum]]
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* [[Democratic Party of Albania]]
 +
* [[Democratic Russia]]
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* [[Initiative for Peace and Human Rights]]
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* [[Sąjūdis]]
 +
* [[People's Movement of Ukraine]]
 +
* [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]]
 +
* [[Popular Front of Latvia]]
 +
* [[Popular Front of Estonia]]
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* [[Public Against Violence]]
 +
* [[Belarusian Popular Front]]
 +
* [[Rastokhez]]
 +
* [[National League for Democracy]]
 +
* [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]]
 +
* [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|Union of Democratic Forces]]
  
|group7 = Movements
+
|group8 = Events<br/>by location
|list7 = [[Chinese democracy movement]] (China){{·}} [[Civic Forum]] (Czechoslovakia){{·}} [[Contras]] (Nicaragua){{·}} [[Democratic Party of Albania]] (Albania){{·}} [[Democratic Russia]] (Russia/Soviet Union){{·}} [[Sąjūdis]] (Lithuania){{·}} [[People's Movement of Ukraine|Rukh]] (Ukraine){{·}} [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] (Poland){{·}} [[Popular Front of Latvia]] (Latvia){{·}} [[Popular Front of Estonia]] (Estonia){{·}}[[Public Against Violence]] (Czechoslovakia){{·}} [[Belarusian Popular Front]] (Belarus){{·}} [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] (Romania){{·}} [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|Union of Democratic Forces]] (Bulgaria)
+
|list8 = {{Navbox|subgroup
 +
|groupstyle= background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle
  
|group8 = Events
+
| group1 = Central and</br>Eastern Europe
|list8 = [[People Power Revolution]]{{·}}[[Revolutions of 1989]]{{·}} [[April 9 tragedy]]{{·}} [[Black January]]{{·}} [[Baltic Way]]{{·}} [[1988 Polish strikes]]{{·}} [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]{{·}} [[Removal of Hungary's border fence]]{{·}} [[Polish Round Table Talks]]{{·}} [[Hungarian Round Table Talks]]{{·}} [[Pan-European Picnic]]{{·}} [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany]]{{·}} [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]]{{·}} [[Malta Summit]]{{·}} [[German reunification]]{{·}} [[January Events (Lithuania)|January 1991 events in Lithuania]]{{·}} [[January 1991 events in Latvia]]{{·}} [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt]]{{·}} [[Yemeni unification]]{{·}} [[Chilean transition to democracy]]
+
| list1 =  
|group9 = Post-collapse
+
* [[Fall of communism in Albania|Albania]]
|list9 = [[Colour revolution]]{{·}} [[Decommunization]]{{·}} [[Democratization]]{{·}} [[Economic liberalization]]{{·}} [[Economic reforms after the collapse of socialism]]{{·}} [[Neo-Stalinism]]{{·}} [[North Korean famine]]{{·}} [[Oslo Accords]]{{·}} [[Post-communism]]{{·}} [[Putinism]]{{·}} [[Special Period]]{{·}} [[Yugoslav Wars]]
+
* [[End of Communism in Bulgaria (1989)|Bulgaria]]
 +
* [[Velvet Revolution|Czechoslovakia]]
 +
* [[Peaceful Revolution|East Germany]]
 +
* [[End of communism in Hungary (1989)|Hungary]]
 +
* [[End of communism in Poland (1989)|Poland]]
 +
* [[Romanian Revolution|Romania]]
 +
* [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]
 +
* [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
  
 +
| group2 = Soviet Union
 +
| list2  =
 +
* [[1991 Armenian independence referendum|Armenia]]
 +
* [[1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum|Azerbaijan]]
 +
* [[Politics of Belarus#Independence from the USSR|Belarus]]
 +
* [[History of Chechnya|Chechnya]]
 +
* [[Singing Revolution|Estonia]]
 +
* [[1991 Georgian independence referendum|Georgia]]
 +
* [[Singing Revolution|Latvia]]
 +
* [[Singing Revolution|Lithuania]]
 +
* [[History of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]
 +
* [[History of Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]]
 +
* [[Independence of Moldova|Moldova]]
 +
* [[History of Russia (1991–present)|Russia]]
 +
* [[History of Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
 +
* [[1991 Turkmen independence referendum|Turkmenistan]]
 +
* [[1991 Ukrainian independence referendum|Ukraine]]
 +
* [[1991 Uzbek independence election|Uzbekistan]]
 +
 +
| group3 = Elsewhere
 +
| list3  =
 +
* [[Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)|Afghanistan]]
 +
* [[People's Republic of Angola|Angola]]
 +
* [[People's Republic of Benin|Benin]]
 +
* [[8888 Uprising|Burma]]
 +
* [[United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia|Cambodia]]
 +
* [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests|China]]
 +
* [[People's Republic of the Congo|Congo-Brazzaville]]
 +
* [[Ethiopian Civil War|Ethiopia]]
 +
* [[Mongolian Revolution of 1990|Mongolia]]
 +
* [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
 +
* [[Somali Rebellion|Somalia]]
 +
* [[Yemeni unification|South Yemen]]
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 +
|group9 = Individual<br/>events
 +
|list9  =
 +
* [[Jeltoqsan]]
 +
* [[1987–1989 Tibetan unrest]]
 +
* [[1988 Polish strikes]]
 +
* [[Polish Round Table Agreement]]
 +
* [[April 9 tragedy]]
 +
* [[Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria]]
 +
* [[Hungarian Round Table Talks]]
 +
* [[Pan-European Picnic]]
 +
* [[Baltic Way]]
 +
* [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|Monday Demonstrations]]
 +
* [[Alexanderplatz demonstration]]
 +
* [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]]
 +
* [[Fall of the inner German border]]
 +
* [[Malta Summit]]
 +
* [[Black January]]
 +
* [[Helsinki Summit (1990)|Helsinki Summit]]
 +
* [[German reunification]]
 +
* [[January Events (Lithuania)|January Events in Lithuania]]
 +
* [[The Barricades|January Events in Latvia]]
 +
* [[Transnistria War]]
 +
* [[1991 protests in Belgrade]]
 +
* [[Warsaw Pact#End of the Cold War|Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact]]
 +
* [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August Coup]]
 +
* [[Tajikistani Civil War]]
 +
* [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]
 +
* [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia]]
 +
 +
|group10 = Later events
 +
|list10 =
 +
* [[Colour revolution]]
 +
* [[Decommunization]]
 +
* [[Lustration]]
 +
* [[Democratization]]
 +
* [[Economic liberalization]]
 +
* [[Post-Soviet conflicts]]
 +
* [[Neo-Sovietism]]
 +
* [[Neo-Stalinism]]
 +
* [[Post-communism]]
 +
* [[Yugoslav Wars]]
 +
* [[Pink tide]]
 +
}}<noinclude>
 +
[[Category:Asia history templates]]
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[[Category:Africa history templates]]
 +
[[Category:Communism templates]]
 +
[[Category:Europe history templates]]
 +
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 15:58, 7 January 2021