Difference between revisions of "Template:Fall of Communism"
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| − | {{ | + | {{Civil navigation |
|name =Fall of Communism | |name =Fall of Communism | ||
|title = [[Revolutions of 1989]] | |title = [[Revolutions of 1989]] | ||
| + | |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | ||
|bodyclass = hlist | |bodyclass = hlist | ||
| + | | style = wide | ||
| − | |group1 = Internal background | + | |group1 = Internal<br/>background |
|list1 = | |list1 = | ||
* [[Era of Stagnation]] | * [[Era of Stagnation]] | ||
* [[Communism]] | * [[Communism]] | ||
* [[Anti-communism]] | * [[Anti-communism]] | ||
| − | * [[Criticism of | + | * [[Criticism of communist party rule]] |
* [[Eastern Bloc]] | * [[Eastern Bloc]] | ||
| − | |||
* [[Eastern Bloc politics]] | * [[Eastern Bloc politics]] | ||
| − | * [[Eastern Bloc | + | * [[Eastern Bloc media and propaganda]] |
| − | * [[Eastern Bloc | + | * [[Emigration from the Eastern Bloc]] |
* [[KGB]] | * [[KGB]] | ||
* [[Nomenklatura]] | * [[Nomenklatura]] | ||
* [[Shortage economy]] | * [[Shortage economy]] | ||
* [[Totalitarianism]] | * [[Totalitarianism]] | ||
| − | * [[Eastern European | + | * [[Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies]] |
| − | |group2 = International background | + | |group2 = International<br/>background |
|list2 = | |list2 = | ||
* [[Active measures]] | * [[Active measures]] | ||
* [[Cold War]] | * [[Cold War]] | ||
| − | * [[List of socialist | + | * [[List of socialist states]] |
| − | * [[Predictions of Soviet | + | * [[People Power Revolution]] |
| + | * [[Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union]] | ||
* [[Reagan Doctrine]] | * [[Reagan Doctrine]] | ||
| − | * [[Soviet | + | * [[Soviet Empire]] |
* [[Terrorism and the Soviet Union]] | * [[Terrorism and the Soviet Union]] | ||
* [[Holy See–Soviet Union relations|Vatican Opposition]] | * [[Holy See–Soviet Union relations|Vatican Opposition]] | ||
| Line 35: | Line 37: | ||
|group3 = Reforms | |group3 = Reforms | ||
|list3 = | |list3 = | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Uskoreniye]] |
* [[Perestroika]] | * [[Perestroika]] | ||
| + | ** [[Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)|Demokratizatsiya]] | ||
| + | ** [[Khozraschyot]] | ||
| + | ** [[500 Days]] | ||
| + | ** [[Sinatra Doctrine]] | ||
* [[Glasnost]] | * [[Glasnost]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] |
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Đổi Mới]] |
| − | + | |group4 = Government<br/>leaders | |
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| − | |group4 = Government leaders | ||
|list4 = | |list4 = | ||
* [[Ramiz Alia]] | * [[Ramiz Alia]] | ||
| − | + | * [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] | |
| − | * [[Nicolae | ||
| − | |||
* [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] | * [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] | ||
* [[Károly Grósz]] | * [[Károly Grósz]] | ||
* [[Erich Honecker]] | * [[Erich Honecker]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Miloš Jakeš]] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
* [[Egon Krenz]] | * [[Egon Krenz]] | ||
* [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] | * [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] | ||
| + | * [[Slobodan Milošević]] | ||
* [[Mathieu Kérékou]] | * [[Mathieu Kérékou]] | ||
* [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] | * [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] | ||
* [[Ne Win]] | * [[Ne Win]] | ||
* [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] | * [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] | ||
| − | |||
* [[Heng Samrin]] | * [[Heng Samrin]] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
* [[Deng Xiaoping]] | * [[Deng Xiaoping]] | ||
* [[Todor Zhivkov]] | * [[Todor Zhivkov]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Siad Barre]] |
| − | |group5 = Opposition methods | + | |group5 = Opposition<br/>methods |
|list5 = | |list5 = | ||
* [[Civil resistance]] | * [[Civil resistance]] | ||
| − | * [[Demonstration ( | + | * [[Demonstration (political)|Demonstration]]s |
| − | * [[Human chain]]s | + | * [[Human chain (politics)|Human chain]]s |
* [[Magnitizdat]] | * [[Magnitizdat]] | ||
* [[Polish underground press]] | * [[Polish underground press]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Protest]]s |
* [[Samizdat]] | * [[Samizdat]] | ||
* [[Strike action]] | * [[Strike action]] | ||
| − | |group6 = Opposition leaders | + | |group6 = Opposition<br/>leaders |
|list6 = | |list6 = | ||
* [[Lech Wałęsa]] | * [[Lech Wałęsa]] | ||
| Line 135: | Line 83: | ||
* [[Alexander Dubček]] | * [[Alexander Dubček]] | ||
* [[Ion Iliescu]] | * [[Ion Iliescu]] | ||
| + | * [[Liu Gang]] | ||
* [[Wu'erkaixi]] | * [[Wu'erkaixi]] | ||
* [[Chai Ling]] | * [[Chai Ling]] | ||
| − | * [[Wang Dan]] | + | * [[Wang Dan (dissident)|Wang Dan]] |
* [[Feng Congde]] | * [[Feng Congde]] | ||
* [[Tank Man]] | * [[Tank Man]] | ||
| Line 149: | Line 98: | ||
* [[Zianon Pazniak]] | * [[Zianon Pazniak]] | ||
* [[Zhelyu Zhelev]] | * [[Zhelyu Zhelev]] | ||
| + | * [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] | ||
* [[Meles Zenawi]] | * [[Meles Zenawi]] | ||
| − | * [[Isaias | + | * [[Isaias Afwerki]] |
| + | * [[Viktor Orbán]] | ||
| + | * [[Ronald Reagan]] | ||
| + | * [[George H. W. Bush]] | ||
| + | * [[Pope John Paul II]] | ||
| − | |group7 = Opposition movements | + | |group7 = Opposition<br/>movements |
|list7 = | |list7 = | ||
| + | * [[Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation]] | ||
* [[Charter 77]] | * [[Charter 77]] | ||
* [[New Forum]] | * [[New Forum]] | ||
| − | |||
* [[Civic Forum]] | * [[Civic Forum]] | ||
* [[Democratic Party of Albania]] | * [[Democratic Party of Albania]] | ||
| Line 168: | Line 122: | ||
* [[Public Against Violence]] | * [[Public Against Violence]] | ||
* [[Belarusian Popular Front]] | * [[Belarusian Popular Front]] | ||
| + | * [[Rastokhez]] | ||
* [[National League for Democracy]] | * [[National League for Democracy]] | ||
* [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] | * [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] | ||
* [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|Union of Democratic Forces]] | * [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|Union of Democratic Forces]] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |group9 = Individual events | + | |group8 = Events<br/>by location |
| + | |list8 = {{Navbox|subgroup | ||
| + | |groupstyle= background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle | ||
| + | |||
| + | | group1 = Central and</br>Eastern Europe | ||
| + | | list1 = | ||
| + | * [[Fall of communism in Albania|Albania]] | ||
| + | * [[End of Communism in Bulgaria (1989)|Bulgaria]] | ||
| + | * [[Velvet Revolution|Czechoslovakia]] | ||
| + | * [[Peaceful Revolution|East Germany]] | ||
| + | * [[End of communism in Hungary (1989)|Hungary]] | ||
| + | * [[End of communism in Poland (1989)|Poland]] | ||
| + | * [[Romanian Revolution|Romania]] | ||
| + | * [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] | ||
| + | * [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | | group2 = Soviet Union | ||
| + | | list2 = | ||
| + | * [[1991 Armenian independence referendum|Armenia]] | ||
| + | * [[1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum|Azerbaijan]] | ||
| + | * [[Politics of Belarus#Independence from the USSR|Belarus]] | ||
| + | * [[History of Chechnya|Chechnya]] | ||
| + | * [[Singing Revolution|Estonia]] | ||
| + | * [[1991 Georgian independence referendum|Georgia]] | ||
| + | * [[Singing Revolution|Latvia]] | ||
| + | * [[Singing Revolution|Lithuania]] | ||
| + | * [[History of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] | ||
| + | * [[History of Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]] | ||
| + | * [[Independence of Moldova|Moldova]] | ||
| + | * [[History of Russia (1991–present)|Russia]] | ||
| + | * [[History of Tajikistan|Tajikistan]] | ||
| + | * [[1991 Turkmen independence referendum|Turkmenistan]] | ||
| + | * [[1991 Ukrainian independence referendum|Ukraine]] | ||
| + | * [[1991 Uzbek independence election|Uzbekistan]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | | group3 = Elsewhere | ||
| + | | list3 = | ||
| + | * [[Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)|Afghanistan]] | ||
| + | * [[People's Republic of Angola|Angola]] | ||
| + | * [[People's Republic of Benin|Benin]] | ||
| + | * [[8888 Uprising|Burma]] | ||
| + | * [[United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia|Cambodia]] | ||
| + | * [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests|China]] | ||
| + | * [[People's Republic of the Congo|Congo-Brazzaville]] | ||
| + | * [[Ethiopian Civil War|Ethiopia]] | ||
| + | * [[Mongolian Revolution of 1990|Mongolia]] | ||
| + | * [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]] | ||
| + | * [[Somali Rebellion|Somalia]] | ||
| + | * [[Yemeni unification|South Yemen]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group9 = Individual<br/>events | ||
|list9 = | |list9 = | ||
| + | * [[Jeltoqsan]] | ||
| + | * [[1987–1989 Tibetan unrest]] | ||
* [[1988 Polish strikes]] | * [[1988 Polish strikes]] | ||
| + | * [[Polish Round Table Agreement]] | ||
* [[April 9 tragedy]] | * [[April 9 tragedy]] | ||
| − | + | * [[Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria]] | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | * [[Removal of Hungary's border fence | ||
| − | |||
* [[Hungarian Round Table Talks]] | * [[Hungarian Round Table Talks]] | ||
* [[Pan-European Picnic]] | * [[Pan-European Picnic]] | ||
| + | * [[Baltic Way]] | ||
* [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|Monday Demonstrations]] | * [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|Monday Demonstrations]] | ||
| + | * [[Alexanderplatz demonstration]] | ||
* [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]] | * [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]] | ||
| + | * [[Fall of the inner German border]] | ||
* [[Malta Summit]] | * [[Malta Summit]] | ||
| + | * [[Black January]] | ||
| + | * [[Helsinki Summit (1990)|Helsinki Summit]] | ||
* [[German reunification]] | * [[German reunification]] | ||
* [[January Events (Lithuania)|January Events in Lithuania]] | * [[January Events (Lithuania)|January Events in Lithuania]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[The Barricades|January Events in Latvia]] |
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Transnistria War]] |
| + | * [[1991 protests in Belgrade]] | ||
| + | * [[Warsaw Pact#End of the Cold War|Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact]] | ||
* [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August Coup]] | * [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August Coup]] | ||
| + | * [[Tajikistani Civil War]] | ||
| + | * [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] | ||
| + | * [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia]] | ||
|group10 = Later events | |group10 = Later events | ||
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* [[Democratization]] | * [[Democratization]] | ||
* [[Economic liberalization]] | * [[Economic liberalization]] | ||
| + | * [[Post-Soviet conflicts]] | ||
* [[Neo-Sovietism]] | * [[Neo-Sovietism]] | ||
* [[Neo-Stalinism]] | * [[Neo-Stalinism]] | ||
| − | |||
* [[Post-communism]] | * [[Post-communism]] | ||
| − | |||
* [[Yugoslav Wars]] | * [[Yugoslav Wars]] | ||
| − | + | * [[Pink tide]] | |
}}<noinclude> | }}<noinclude> | ||
| + | [[Category:Asia history templates]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Africa history templates]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Communism templates]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Europe history templates]] | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||