Difference between revisions of "Template:Germanic languages"
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imported>Hooiwind (changed title of template from "modern Germanic languages" to "modern Germanic languages and dialects" because most of the German and Dutch dialects mentioned are commonly considered "dialects" and not "languages") |
imported>Kerektek2000 |
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| − | {{Navbox | + | {{Navbox with collapsible groups |
| − | | name | + | |name = Germanic languages |
| − | | title | + | |title = [[Germanic languages]] |
| − | | | + | |state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} |
| − | + | |bodyclass = hlist | |
| − | + | |above = According to contemporary [[Germanic philology|philology]] | |
| − | + | |selected = {{{expanded|}}} | |
| − | |||
| − | + | |group1 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] | |
| − | + | |abbr1 = West Germanic | |
| + | |state1 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center | ||
| + | |group1 = [[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]] | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | ||
| + | |group1 = [[Anglic languages|Anglic]] | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | * [[English language|English]]* | ||
| + | ** [[List of dialects of English|dialects]] | ||
| + | ** ''[[Forth and Bargy dialect|Yola]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Fingallian]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Old English]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Middle English]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Scots language|Scots]] | ||
| + | ** ''[[Early Scots]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Middle Scots]]'' | ||
| + | |group2 = [[Frisian languages|Frisian]] | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[East Frisian language|East Frisian]] | ||
| + | ** Ems | ||
| + | *** [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]] | ||
| + | ** ''Weser'' | ||
| + | *** ''[[Wangerooge Frisian]]'' | ||
| + | *** ''[[Wursten Frisian]]'' | ||
| + | * [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]] | ||
| + | ** Insular | ||
| + | *** ''[[Eiderstedt Frisian|Eiderstedt]]'' | ||
| + | *** Föhr–Amrum | ||
| + | **** [[Föhr North Frisian|Föhr]] | ||
| + | **** [[Amrum North Frisian|Amrum]] | ||
| + | *** [[Heligoland Frisian|Heligolandic]] | ||
| + | *** [[Sylt North Frisian|Sylt]] | ||
| + | ** Mainland | ||
| + | *** [[Bökingharde North Frisian|Bökingharde]] | ||
| + | **** Mooring | ||
| + | *** [[Halligen Frisian|Halligen]] | ||
| + | *** [[Goesharde Frisian|Goesharde]] | ||
| + | **** Northern | ||
| + | **** Central | ||
| + | **** ''Southern'' | ||
| + | *** [[Karrharde Frisian|Karrharde]] | ||
| + | *** ''[[Strand Frisian|Strand]]'' | ||
| + | *** [[Wiedingharde Frisian|Wiedingharde]] | ||
| + | * [[West Frisian languages|West Frisian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Hindeloopen Frisian|Hindeloopen]] | ||
| + | ** [[Schiermonnikoog Frisian|Schiermonnikoog]] | ||
| + | ** Westlauwers–Terschellings | ||
| + | *** [[West Frisian language|Mainland West Frisian]] | ||
| + | **** Clay Frisian | ||
| + | **** Wood Frisian | ||
| + | ***** [[Westereendersk]] | ||
| + | *** [[Terschelling Frisian|Terschelling]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Old Frisian]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Middle Frisian]]'' | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group2 = [[Low German]] | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | ||
| + | |group1 = Historical forms | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | * ''[[Old Saxon]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Middle Low German]]'' | ||
| + | |group2 = [[West Low German]] | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[Dutch Low Saxon]] | ||
| + | ** [[Stellingwarfs dialect|Stellingwarfs]] | ||
| + | ** [[Tweants dialect|Tweants]] | ||
| + | ** [[Gronings dialect|Gronings]] | ||
| + | ** [[Drèents dialects|Drèents]] | ||
| + | ** Gelders-Overijssels | ||
| + | *** [[Achterhooks]] | ||
| + | *** [[Sallaans dialect|Sallaans]] | ||
| + | *** [[Urkers dialect|Urkers]] | ||
| + | ** [[Veluws dialect|Veluws]] | ||
| + | * [[Northern Low Saxon]] | ||
| + | ** [[East Frisian Low Saxon]] | ||
| + | ** [[Schleswigsch]] | ||
| + | ** [[Holsteinisch]] | ||
| + | ** [[Hamburg German|Hamburgisch]] | ||
| + | ** Ollnborger | ||
| + | ** North Hanoveranian | ||
| + | ** Dithmarsch | ||
| + | ** Emsländisch | ||
| + | * [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]] | ||
| + | * [[Eastphalian language|Eastphalian]] | ||
| + | |group3 = [[East Low German]] | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | * [[Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect|Mecklenburg-Western Pomeranian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Mecklenburgisch dialect|Mecklenburgish]] | ||
| + | ** [[West Pomeranian dialect|West Pomeranian]] | ||
| + | * [[Brandenburgisch dialect|Brandenburgisch]] | ||
| + | * [[East Pomeranian dialect|East Pomeranian]]–West Prussian | ||
| + | ** Western East Pomeranian | ||
| + | ** Eastern East Pomeranian | ||
| + | ** Bublitzisch | ||
| + | ** Pommerellisch | ||
| + | * Central Pomeranian | ||
| + | ** West Central Pomeranian | ||
| + | * [[Low Prussian dialect|Low Prussian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Plautdietsch language|Mennonite Low German]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group3 = [[Low Franconian languages|Low Franconian]] | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | ||
| + | |group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | * [[Dutch language|Dutch]]* | ||
| + | ** ''[[Frankish language|Frankish]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Old Dutch]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Middle Dutch]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Afrikaans]]* | ||
| + | |group2 = [[West Low Franconian]] | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[Hollandic dialect|Hollandic]] | ||
| + | * [[West Flemish]] | ||
| + | ** [[French Flemish]] | ||
| + | * [[Zeelandic]] | ||
| + | * [[East Flemish]] | ||
| + | * [[Brabantian dialect|Brabantian]] | ||
| + | * [[Surinamese Dutch]] | ||
| + | * [[Jersey Dutch]] | ||
| + | * [[Mohawk Dutch]] | ||
| + | * [[Stadsfries dialects|Stadsfries]] | ||
| + | * [[Bildts]] | ||
| + | * Yiddish Dutch | ||
| + | |group3 = [[East Low Franconian]] | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | * [[Meuse-Rhenish]] | ||
| + | ** [[Limburgish]] | ||
| + | *** [[Southeast Limburgish dialect|Southeast Limburgish]] | ||
| + | ** [[South Guelderish]] | ||
| + | |group4 = Transitional | ||
| + | |list4 = | ||
| + | * [[Low Dietsch dialects|Low Dietsch]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group4 = [[High German languages|High German]] | ||
| + | |list4 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | ||
| + | |group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | * [[German language|German]]* | ||
| + | ** [[Namibian German]] | ||
| + | *** [[Namibian Black German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Brazilian German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Unserdeutsch]] | ||
| + | ** [[Barossa German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Belgranodeutsch]] | ||
| + | ** [[Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch|Parana Volga German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Kiautschou Pidgin German]] | ||
| + | ** ''[[Old High German]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Middle High German]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Early New High German]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Yiddish]] | ||
| + | ** Eastern | ||
| + | ** Western | ||
| + | ** Litvish | ||
| + | ** Poylish | ||
| + | ** Ukrainish | ||
| + | ** Galitzish | ||
| + | ** [[History of the Jews in Scotland#"Scots-Yiddish"|Scots Yiddish]] | ||
| + | ** Alsatian Yiddish | ||
| + | ** ''[[Klezmer-loshn]]'' | ||
| + | ** Ganovim | ||
| + | ** Balagole | ||
| + | ** Katsoves | ||
| + | ** [[Lachoudisch]] | ||
| + | * [[Yenish language|Yenish]] | ||
| + | * [[Rotwelsch]] | ||
| + | ** [[Lotegorisch]] | ||
| + | |group2 = [[Standard German]] | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[German Standard German]] | ||
| + | * [[Austrian German|Austrian Standard German]] | ||
| + | * [[Swiss Standard German|Swiss Standard German]] | ||
| + | |group3 = [[Central German]] | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | ||
| + | |group1 = [[West Central German]] | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | * [[Central Franconian languages|Central Franconian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]] | ||
| + | *** [[Colognian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Moselle Franconian language|Moselle Franconian]] | ||
| + | *** [[Luxembourgish]] | ||
| + | *** [[Transylvanian Saxon dialect|Transylvanian Saxon]] | ||
| + | *** [[Hunsrückisch dialect|Hunsrückisch]] | ||
| + | *** [[Hunsrik]] | ||
| + | * [[Rhenish Franconian languages|Rhine Franconian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Lorraine Franconian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Palatine German language|Palatine]] | ||
| + | *** [[Volga Germans#Language|Volga German]] | ||
| + | *** [[Pennsylvania German language|Pennsylvania German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Hessian dialects|Hessian]] | ||
| + | *** [[Amana German|Amana]] | ||
| + | |group2 = [[East Central German]] | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[Thuringian dialect|Thuringian]] | ||
| + | * [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]] | ||
| + | * [[Erzgebirgisch|Ore Mountainian]] | ||
| + | * [[Lusatian – New Marchian dialects|Lusatian-Neumarkish]] | ||
| + | ** [[Berlin German|Berlinerisch]] | ||
| + | * [[Silesian German]] | ||
| + | * [[High Prussian dialect|High Prussian]] | ||
| + | * [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]] | ||
| + | * [[Alzenau dialect|Halcnovian]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Prague German]]'' | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |group4 = [[High Franconian German|High Franconian]] | ||
| + | |list4 = | ||
| + | * [[South Franconian German|South Franconian]] | ||
| + | * [[East Franconian German|East Franconian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Main-Franconian dialects|Main Franconian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Vogtlandian]] | ||
| + | |group5 = [[Upper German]] | ||
| + | |list5 = | ||
| + | * [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]] | ||
| + | ** [[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]] | ||
| + | *** [[Alsatian dialect|Alsatian]] | ||
| + | *** [[Colonia Tovar dialect|Coloniero]] | ||
| + | ** [[High Alemannic German|High Alemannic]] | ||
| + | *** [[Swiss German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Highest Alemannic German|Highest Alemannic]] | ||
| + | *** [[Walser German|Walser German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Swabian German|Swabian]] | ||
| + | * [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Northern Bavarian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Central Bavarian]] | ||
| + | *** [[Viennese German]] | ||
| + | ** [[Southern Bavarian]] | ||
| + | *** [[South Tyrolean dialect|South Tyrolean]] | ||
| + | *** [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrian]] | ||
| + | *** [[Mòcheno language|Mòcheno]] | ||
| + | *** [[Hutterite German]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Lombardic language|Langobardic]]'' | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | | group2 = [[ | + | }} |
| − | | list2 | + | |
| − | + | |group2 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] and [[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] | |
| − | + | |abbr2 = North Germanic and East Germanic | |
| − | + | |state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | |
| − | + | |list2 = | |
| − | + | {{Navbox|child | |
| − | + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | |
| − | + | |group1 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] | |
| − | + | |list1 = | |
| − | + | {{Navbox|child | |
| − | + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | |
| − | + | |group1 = Historical forms | |
| − | + | |list1 = | |
| − | + | * ''[[Proto-Norse]]'' | |
| − | + | * ''[[Old Norse]]'' | |
| − | + | ** ''Old West Norse'' | |
| − | + | ** ''Old East Norse'' | |
| − | + | ** ''[[Old Gutnish]]'' | |
| + | |group2 = West Scandinavian | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]* | ||
| + | ** Spoken | ||
| + | *** [[Bergensk]] | ||
| + | *** [[Kebabnorsk]] | ||
| + | *** [[Sognamål dialect|Sognamål]] | ||
| + | *** [[Trøndersk]] | ||
| + | *** [[Hallingmål-Valdris|Valdris]] | ||
| + | *** [[Vestlandsk]] | ||
| + | *** [[Vikværsk]] | ||
| + | ** Written | ||
| + | *** [[Bokmål]] | ||
| + | *** [[Nynorsk]] | ||
| + | ** ''[[Old Norwegian]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Middle Norwegian]]'' | ||
| + | * Insular Scandinavian | ||
| + | ** [[Faroese language|Faroese]] | ||
| + | ** [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] | ||
| + | *** ''[[Old Norse#Old Icelandic|Old Icelandic]]'' | ||
| + | *** ''[[History of Icelandic#Middle Icelandic (1350–1550)|Middle Icelandic]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Greenlandic Norse|Gronlandsk]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Norn language|Norn]]'' | ||
| + | |group3 = East Scandinavian | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | * [[Swedish language|Swedish]]* | ||
| + | ** [[Åland dialects|Åland]] | ||
| + | ** [[Estonian Swedish|Estonian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Finland Swedish|Finlandic]] | ||
| + | ** [[Gutnish|Gotlandic/Gutnish]] | ||
| + | ** [[Jämtland dialects|Jämtlandic]] | ||
| + | ** [[Kalix dialect|Kalix]] | ||
| + | ** [[Kiruna dialect|Kiruna]] | ||
| + | ** [[Luleå dialects|Luleå]] | ||
| + | ** [[Norrland dialects|Norrland]] | ||
| + | ** [[Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia|Ostrobothnian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Småländska]] | ||
| + | ** [[South Swedish dialects|South Swedish]] | ||
| + | *** [[Scanian dialect|Scanian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Stockholm dialects|Stockholm]] | ||
| + | ** [[Rinkeby Swedish|Rinkeby]] | ||
| + | ** [[Uppländska dialect|Uppländska]] | ||
| + | ** [[Västgötska]] | ||
| + | ** [[Westrobothnian]] | ||
| + | ** ''[[Old Swedish]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Danish language|Danish]]* | ||
| + | ** [[Bornholm dialect|Bornholmsk]] | ||
| + | ** [[Gøtudanskt accent|Gøtudanskt]] | ||
| + | ** [[Insular Danish]] | ||
| + | ** [[Jutlandic dialect|Jutlandic]] | ||
| + | ** [[South Jutlandic]] | ||
| + | ** [[Perkerdansk]] | ||
| + | ** ''[[History of Danish|Old Danish]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[History of Danish|Middle Danish]]'' | ||
| + | * [[Dalecarlian language|Dalecarlian]] | ||
| + | ** [[Elfdalian]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | [[ | + | |group2 = ''[[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]'' |
| − | [[ | + | |list2 = |
| + | * ''[[Gothic language|Gothic]]'' | ||
| + | ** ''[[Crimean Gothic]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Burgundians#Language|Burgundian]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Vandalic language|Vandalic]]'' | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group3 = [[Germanic philology|Philology]] | ||
| + | |abbr3 = Philology | ||
| + | |state3 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | {{Navbox|child | ||
| + | |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above--> | ||
| + | |group1 = [[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)|Language subgroups]] | ||
| + | |list1 = | ||
| + | * [[North Germanic languages|North]] | ||
| + | * [[East Germanic languages|East]] | ||
| + | * [[West Germanic languages|West]] | ||
| + | **[[Elbe Germanic|Elbe (Irminonic)]] | ||
| + | **[[Weser-Rhine Germanic|Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)]] | ||
| + | **[[North Sea Germanic|North Sea (Ingvaeonic)]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | *''[[Northwest Germanic|Northwest]]'' | ||
| + | *''[[Gotho-Nordic]]'' | ||
| + | *''[[South Germanic|South]]'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group2 = Reconstructed | ||
| + | |list2 = | ||
| + | * [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] | ||
| + | * [[Proto-Germanic grammar]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic parent language]] | ||
| + | * [[Ancient Belgian language]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group3 = Diachronic features | ||
| + | |list3 = | ||
| + | * [[Grimm's law]] | ||
| + | * [[Verner's law]] | ||
| + | * [[Holtzmann's law]] | ||
| + | * [[Sievers's law]] | ||
| + | * [[Kluge's law]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic substrate hypothesis]] | ||
| + | * [[West Germanic gemination]] | ||
| + | * [[High German consonant shift]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic a-mutation]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic umlaut]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic spirant law]] | ||
| + | * [[Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law]] | ||
| + | * [[Great Vowel Shift]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |group4 = Synchronic features | ||
| + | |list4 = | ||
| + | * [[Germanic verb]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic strong verb]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic weak verb]] | ||
| + | * [[Germanic verb#Preterite-presents|Preterite-present verb]] | ||
| + | * [[Grammatischer Wechsel]] | ||
| + | * [[Indo-European ablaut]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |below = {{hlist |''Italics'' indicate [[language death|extinct language]]s |* (asterisks) indicates [[list of languages by number of native speakers|languages with more than 3 million speakers]] |Languages between parentheses are [[variety (linguistics)|varieties]] of the language on their left.}} | ||
| − | + | }}<noinclude> | |
| − | + | {{Documentation}} | |
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</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
Latest revision as of 23:23, 21 September 2020
Initial visibility: currently defaults to autocollapse
To set this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used:
|state=collapsed:{{Germanic languages|state=collapsed}}to show the template collapsed, i.e., hidden apart from its title bar|state=expanded:{{Germanic languages|state=expanded}}to show the template expanded, i.e., fully visible|state=autocollapse:{{Germanic languages|state=autocollapse}}
If the |state= parameter in the template on this page is not set, the template's initial visibility is taken from the |default= parameter in the Collapsible option template. For the template on this page, that currently evaluates to autocollapse.
See also
- {{Germanic peoples}}
- {{History of English}}
- {{English dialects by continent}}
- {{Frisian languages}}
- {{Dutch and Low Saxon dialects}}
- {{Dutch grammar}}
- {{German grammar}}
- {{German language varieties outside Europe}}
- {{Danish language}}
- {{Icelandic language}}
- {{Norwegian language}}
- {{Swedish language}}
| The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Germanic languages/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (create) pages. Please add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template. |