Difference between revisions of "Template:Germanic languages"

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|name      = Germanic languages
 
|name      = Germanic languages
 
|title    = [[Germanic languages]]
 
|title    = [[Germanic languages]]
|state    = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
+
|state    = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}}
 
|bodyclass = hlist
 
|bodyclass = hlist
 
|above    = According to contemporary [[Germanic philology|philology]]
 
|above    = According to contemporary [[Germanic philology|philology]]
Line 9: Line 9:
 
|group1 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
 
|group1 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
 
|abbr1 = West Germanic
 
|abbr1 = West Germanic
 +
|state1 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude>
 
|list1 =  
 
|list1 =  
 
  {{Navbox|child
 
  {{Navbox|child
Line 18: Line 19:
 
   |group1 = [[Anglic languages|Anglic]]
 
   |group1 = [[Anglic languages|Anglic]]
 
   |list1 =  
 
   |list1 =  
* [[English language|English]]
+
* [[English language|English]]*
** [[List of dialects of the English language|dialects]]
+
** [[List of dialects of English|dialects]]
 
** ''[[Forth and Bargy dialect|Yola]]''
 
** ''[[Forth and Bargy dialect|Yola]]''
 
** ''[[Fingallian]]''
 
** ''[[Fingallian]]''
 +
** ''[[Old English]]''
 +
** ''[[Middle English]]''
 
* [[Scots language|Scots]]
 
* [[Scots language|Scots]]
 +
** ''[[Early Scots]]''
 +
** ''[[Middle Scots]]''
 
   |group2 = [[Frisian languages|Frisian]]
 
   |group2 = [[Frisian languages|Frisian]]
 
   |list2 =  
 
   |list2 =  
* [[Saterland Frisian language|East Frisian]]
+
* [[East Frisian language|East Frisian]]
**[[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]
+
** Ems
**''[[Wangerooge Frisian]]''
+
*** [[Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]
**''[[Wursten Frisian]]''
+
** ''Weser''
 +
*** ''[[Wangerooge Frisian]]''
 +
*** ''[[Wursten Frisian]]''
 
* [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]]
 
* [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]]
** [[Söl'ring]]
+
** Insular
** [[Fering]]
+
*** ''[[Eiderstedt Frisian|Eiderstedt]]''
** [[Öömrang]]
+
*** Föhr–Amrum
** [[Heligolandic dialect|Heligolandic]]
+
**** [[Föhr North Frisian|Föhr]]
** [[Mooring (North Frisian dialect)|Mooring]]
+
**** [[Amrum North Frisian|Amrum]]
** [[Halligen Frisian]]
+
*** [[Heligoland Frisian|Heligolandic]]
** ''[[Strand Frisian]]''
+
*** [[Sylt North Frisian|Sylt]]
** ''[[Eiderstedt Frisian]]''
+
** Mainland
* [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]
+
*** [[Bökingharde North Frisian|Bökingharde]]
**[[Clay Frisian]]
+
**** Mooring
**[[Wood Frisian]]
+
*** [[Halligen Frisian|Halligen]]
 +
*** [[Goesharde Frisian|Goesharde]]
 +
**** Northern
 +
**** Central
 +
**** ''Southern''
 +
*** [[Karrharde Frisian|Karrharde]]
 +
*** ''[[Strand Frisian|Strand]]''
 +
*** [[Wiedingharde Frisian|Wiedingharde]]
 +
* [[West Frisian languages|West Frisian]]
 +
** [[Hindeloopen Frisian|Hindeloopen]]
 +
** [[Schiermonnikoog Frisian|Schiermonnikoog]]
 +
** Westlauwers–Terschellings
 +
*** [[West Frisian language|Mainland West Frisian]]
 +
**** Clay Frisian
 +
**** Wood Frisian
 +
***** [[Westereendersk]]
 +
*** [[Terschelling Frisian|Terschelling]]
 +
* ''[[Old Frisian]]''
 +
* ''[[Middle Frisian]]''
 
  }}
 
  }}
  
Line 47: Line 72:
 
   {{Navbox|child
 
   {{Navbox|child
 
   |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
 
   |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
   |group1 = [[West Low German]]
+
   |group1 = Historical forms
 
   |list1 =  
 
   |list1 =  
 +
* ''[[Old Saxon]]''
 +
* ''[[Middle Low German]]''
 +
  |group2 = [[West Low German]]
 +
  |list2 =
 
* [[Dutch Low Saxon]]
 
* [[Dutch Low Saxon]]
** [[Stellingwarfs]]
+
** [[Stellingwarfs dialect|Stellingwarfs]]
** [[Tweants]]
+
** [[Tweants dialect|Tweants]]
** [[Gronings]]
+
** [[Gronings dialect|Gronings]]
** [[Drèents]]
+
** [[Drèents dialects|Drèents]]
 
** Gelders-Overijssels
 
** Gelders-Overijssels
 
*** [[Achterhooks]]
 
*** [[Achterhooks]]
*** [[Sallaans]]
+
*** [[Sallaans dialect|Sallaans]]
*** [[Urkers]]
+
*** [[Urkers dialect|Urkers]]
** [[Veluws]]
+
** [[Veluws dialect|Veluws]]
 
* [[Northern Low Saxon]]
 
* [[Northern Low Saxon]]
 
** [[East Frisian Low Saxon]]
 
** [[East Frisian Low Saxon]]
 
** [[Schleswigsch]]
 
** [[Schleswigsch]]
 
** [[Holsteinisch]]
 
** [[Holsteinisch]]
** [[Hamburgisch]]
+
** [[Hamburg German|Hamburgisch]]
 
** Ollnborger
 
** Ollnborger
 
** North Hanoveranian
 
** North Hanoveranian
Line 69: Line 98:
 
** Emsländisch
 
** Emsländisch
 
* [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]]
 
* [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]]
* [[Eastphalian dialect|Eastphalian]]
+
* [[Eastphalian language|Eastphalian]]
   |group2 = [[East Low German]]
+
   |group3 = [[East Low German]]
   |list2 =  
+
   |list3 =  
 
* [[Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect|Mecklenburg-Western Pomeranian]]
 
* [[Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect|Mecklenburg-Western Pomeranian]]
 
** [[Mecklenburgisch dialect|Mecklenburgish]]
 
** [[Mecklenburgisch dialect|Mecklenburgish]]
 
** [[West Pomeranian dialect|West Pomeranian]]
 
** [[West Pomeranian dialect|West Pomeranian]]
 
* [[Brandenburgisch dialect|Brandenburgisch]]
 
* [[Brandenburgisch dialect|Brandenburgisch]]
* [[East Pomeranian]]-West Prussian  
+
* [[East Pomeranian dialect|East Pomeranian]]–West Prussian  
 
** Western East Pomeranian
 
** Western East Pomeranian
 
** Eastern East Pomeranian
 
** Eastern East Pomeranian
Line 84: Line 113:
 
** West Central Pomeranian
 
** West Central Pomeranian
 
* [[Low Prussian dialect|Low Prussian]]
 
* [[Low Prussian dialect|Low Prussian]]
** [[Plautdietsch|Mennonite Low German]]
+
** [[Plautdietsch language|Mennonite Low German]]
 
  }}
 
  }}
  
Line 93: Line 122:
 
   |group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s
 
   |group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s
 
   |list1 =  
 
   |list1 =  
* [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
+
* [[Dutch language|Dutch]]*
* [[Afrikaans]]
+
** ''[[Frankish language|Frankish]]''
 +
** ''[[Old Dutch]]''
 +
** ''[[Middle Dutch]]''
 +
* [[Afrikaans]]*
 
   |group2 = [[West Low Franconian]]
 
   |group2 = [[West Low Franconian]]
 
   |list2 =  
 
   |list2 =  
Line 102: Line 134:
 
* [[Zeelandic]]
 
* [[Zeelandic]]
 
* [[East Flemish]]
 
* [[East Flemish]]
* [[Brabantian]]
+
* [[Brabantian dialect|Brabantian]]
 
* [[Surinamese Dutch]]
 
* [[Surinamese Dutch]]
 
* [[Jersey Dutch]]
 
* [[Jersey Dutch]]
 
* [[Mohawk Dutch]]
 
* [[Mohawk Dutch]]
* [[Stadsfries]]
+
* [[Stadsfries dialects|Stadsfries]]
 
* [[Bildts]]
 
* [[Bildts]]
 
* Yiddish Dutch
 
* Yiddish Dutch
Line 112: Line 144:
 
   |list3 =  
 
   |list3 =  
 
* [[Meuse-Rhenish]]
 
* [[Meuse-Rhenish]]
** [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]]
+
** [[Limburgish]]
 
*** [[Southeast Limburgish dialect|Southeast Limburgish]]
 
*** [[Southeast Limburgish dialect|Southeast Limburgish]]
 
** [[South Guelderish]]
 
** [[South Guelderish]]
Line 126: Line 158:
 
   |group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s
 
   |group1 = [[Standard language|Standard variant]]s
 
   |list1 =  
 
   |list1 =  
* [[German language|German]]
+
* [[German language|German]]*
 
** [[Namibian German]]
 
** [[Namibian German]]
 
*** [[Namibian Black German]]
 
*** [[Namibian Black German]]
Line 135: Line 167:
 
** [[Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch|Parana Volga German]]
 
** [[Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch|Parana Volga German]]
 
** [[Kiautschou Pidgin German]]
 
** [[Kiautschou Pidgin German]]
 +
** ''[[Old High German]]''
 +
** ''[[Middle High German]]''
 +
** ''[[Early New High German]]''
 
* [[Yiddish]]
 
* [[Yiddish]]
 
** Eastern
 
** Eastern
Line 152: Line 187:
 
* [[Rotwelsch]]
 
* [[Rotwelsch]]
 
** [[Lotegorisch]]
 
** [[Lotegorisch]]
   |group2 = [[Central German]]
+
   |group2 = [[Standard German]]
 
   |list2 =  
 
   |list2 =  
 +
* [[German Standard German]]
 +
* [[Austrian German|Austrian Standard German]]
 +
* [[Swiss Standard German|Swiss Standard German]]
 +
  |group3 = [[Central German]]
 +
  |list3 =
 
   {{Navbox|child
 
   {{Navbox|child
 
   |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
 
   |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
 
   |group1 = [[West Central German]]
 
   |group1 = [[West Central German]]
 
   |list1 =  
 
   |list1 =  
* [[Central Franconian]]
+
* [[Central Franconian languages|Central Franconian]]
 
** [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]
 
** [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]
*** [[Colognian dialect|Colognian]]
+
*** [[Colognian]]
** [[Moselle Franconian dialects|Moselle Franconian]]
+
** [[Moselle Franconian language|Moselle Franconian]]
*** [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]
+
*** [[Luxembourgish]]
 
*** [[Transylvanian Saxon dialect|Transylvanian Saxon]]
 
*** [[Transylvanian Saxon dialect|Transylvanian Saxon]]
*** [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German|Hunsrückisch]]
+
*** [[Hunsrückisch dialect|Hunsrückisch]]
* [[Rhine Franconian dialects|Rhine Franconian]]
+
*** [[Hunsrik]]
 +
* [[Rhenish Franconian languages|Rhine Franconian]]
 
** [[Lorraine Franconian]]
 
** [[Lorraine Franconian]]
 
** [[Palatine German language|Palatine]]
 
** [[Palatine German language|Palatine]]
Line 177: Line 218:
 
* [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]]
 
* [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]]
 
* [[Erzgebirgisch|Ore Mountainian]]
 
* [[Erzgebirgisch|Ore Mountainian]]
* [[Lausitzisch-neumärkisch dialects|Lusatian-Neumarkish]]
+
* [[Lusatian – New Marchian dialects|Lusatian-Neumarkish]]
** [[Berlinerisch dialect|Berlinerisch]]
+
** [[Berlin German|Berlinerisch]]
 
* [[Silesian German]]
 
* [[Silesian German]]
 
* [[High Prussian dialect|High Prussian]]
 
* [[High Prussian dialect|High Prussian]]
 
* [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]]
 
* [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]]
 +
* [[Alzenau dialect|Halcnovian]]
 
* ''[[Prague German]]''
 
* ''[[Prague German]]''
 
   }}
 
   }}
   |group3 = [[High Franconian German|High Franconian]]
+
   |group4 = [[High Franconian German|High Franconian]]
   |list3 =  
+
   |list4 =  
 
* [[South Franconian German|South Franconian]]
 
* [[South Franconian German|South Franconian]]
 
* [[East Franconian German|East Franconian]]
 
* [[East Franconian German|East Franconian]]
 
** [[Main-Franconian dialects|Main Franconian]]
 
** [[Main-Franconian dialects|Main Franconian]]
** [[Vogtländisch dialect|Vogtlandian]]
+
** [[Vogtlandian]]
   |group4 = [[Upper German]]
+
   |group5 = [[Upper German]]
   |list4 =  
+
   |list5 =  
 
* [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]]
 
* [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]]
 
** [[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]
 
** [[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]
Line 211: Line 253:
 
*** [[Hutterite German]]
 
*** [[Hutterite German]]
 
* ''[[Lombardic language|Langobardic]]''
 
* ''[[Lombardic language|Langobardic]]''
  |group5 = [[Standard German]]
 
  |list5 =
 
* [[German Standard German]]
 
* [[Austrian German|Austrian Standard German]]
 
* [[Swiss Standard German|Swiss Standard German]]
 
 
   }}
 
   }}
 
  }}
 
  }}
Line 221: Line 258:
 
|group2 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] and [[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
 
|group2 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] and [[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
 
|abbr2 = North Germanic and East Germanic
 
|abbr2 = North Germanic and East Germanic
 +
|state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude>
 
|list2 =  
 
|list2 =  
 
  {{Navbox|child
 
  {{Navbox|child
Line 228: Line 266:
 
   {{Navbox|child
 
   {{Navbox|child
 
   |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
 
   |groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
   |group1 = West Scandinavian
+
   |group1 = Historical forms
 
   |list1 =  
 
   |list1 =  
* [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
+
* ''[[Proto-Norse]]''
** [[Bokmål]]
+
* ''[[Old Norse]]''
 +
** ''Old West Norse''
 +
** ''Old East Norse''
 +
** ''[[Old Gutnish]]''
 +
  |group2 = West Scandinavian
 +
  |list2 =
 +
* [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]*
 +
** Spoken
 
*** [[Bergensk]]
 
*** [[Bergensk]]
 
*** [[Kebabnorsk]]
 
*** [[Kebabnorsk]]
 
*** [[Sognamål dialect|Sognamål]]
 
*** [[Sognamål dialect|Sognamål]]
 
*** [[Trøndersk]]
 
*** [[Trøndersk]]
*** [[Valdris]]
+
*** [[Hallingmål-Valdris|Valdris]]
 
*** [[Vestlandsk]]
 
*** [[Vestlandsk]]
 
*** [[Vikværsk]]
 
*** [[Vikværsk]]
** [[Nynorsk]]
+
** Written
 +
*** [[Bokmål]]
 +
*** [[Nynorsk]]
 +
** ''[[Old Norwegian]]''
 +
** ''[[Middle Norwegian]]''
 
* Insular Scandinavian
 
* Insular Scandinavian
 
** [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
 
** [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
 
** [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
 
** [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
 +
*** ''[[Old Norse#Old Icelandic|Old Icelandic]]''
 +
*** ''[[History of Icelandic#Middle Icelandic (1350–1550)|Middle Icelandic]]''
 
** ''[[Greenlandic Norse|Gronlandsk]]''
 
** ''[[Greenlandic Norse|Gronlandsk]]''
 
** ''[[Norn language|Norn]]''
 
** ''[[Norn language|Norn]]''
   |group2 = East Scandinavian
+
   |group3 = East Scandinavian
   |list2 =  
+
   |list3 =  
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
+
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]]*
** [[Åland Swedish|Åland]]
+
** [[Åland dialects|Åland]]
 
** [[Estonian Swedish|Estonian]]
 
** [[Estonian Swedish|Estonian]]
 
** [[Finland Swedish|Finlandic]]
 
** [[Finland Swedish|Finlandic]]
 
** [[Gutnish|Gotlandic/Gutnish]]
 
** [[Gutnish|Gotlandic/Gutnish]]
** [[Jamtlandic dialects|Jamtlandic]]
+
** [[Jämtland dialects|Jämtlandic]]
 
** [[Kalix dialect|Kalix]]
 
** [[Kalix dialect|Kalix]]
 
** [[Kiruna dialect|Kiruna]]
 
** [[Kiruna dialect|Kiruna]]
Line 263: Line 314:
 
** [[Stockholm dialects|Stockholm]]
 
** [[Stockholm dialects|Stockholm]]
 
** [[Rinkeby Swedish|Rinkeby]]
 
** [[Rinkeby Swedish|Rinkeby]]
**[[Uppländska dialect|Uppländska]]
+
** [[Uppländska dialect|Uppländska]]
 
** [[Västgötska]]
 
** [[Västgötska]]
 
** [[Westrobothnian]]
 
** [[Westrobothnian]]
* [[Danish language|Danish]]
+
** ''[[Old Swedish]]''
** [[Bornholmsk dialect|Bornholmsk]]
+
* [[Danish language|Danish]]*
 +
** [[Bornholm dialect|Bornholmsk]]
 
** [[Gøtudanskt accent|Gøtudanskt]]
 
** [[Gøtudanskt accent|Gøtudanskt]]
 
** [[Insular Danish]]
 
** [[Insular Danish]]
Line 273: Line 325:
 
** [[South Jutlandic]]
 
** [[South Jutlandic]]
 
** [[Perkerdansk]]
 
** [[Perkerdansk]]
* [[Dalecarlian dialects|Dalecarlian]]
+
** ''[[History of Danish|Old Danish]]''
 +
** ''[[History of Danish|Middle Danish]]''
 +
* [[Dalecarlian language|Dalecarlian]]
 
** [[Elfdalian]]
 
** [[Elfdalian]]
 
   }}
 
   }}
  
  |group2 = ''[[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]''
+
|group2 = ''[[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]''
  |list2 =  
+
|list2 =  
 
* ''[[Gothic language|Gothic]]''
 
* ''[[Gothic language|Gothic]]''
 
** ''[[Crimean Gothic]]''
 
** ''[[Crimean Gothic]]''
* ''[[Burgundians|Burgundian]]''
+
* ''[[Burgundians#Language|Burgundian]]''
* ''[[Vandalic]]''
+
* ''[[Vandalic language|Vandalic]]''
 
  }}
 
  }}
  
|below = {{hlist |''Italics'' indicate [[language death|extinct language]]s |Languages between parentheses are [[variety (linguistics)|varieties]] of the language on their left.}}
+
|group3 = [[Germanic philology|Philology]]
}}<noinclude>{{documentation|content=
+
|abbr3 = Philology
{{collapsible option}}
+
|state3 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude>
 +
|list3 =
 +
{{Navbox|child
 +
|groupstyle = text-align: center<!--as above-->
 +
|group1 = [[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)|Language subgroups]]
 +
|list1 =
 +
* [[North Germanic languages|North]]
 +
* [[East Germanic languages|East]]
 +
* [[West Germanic languages|West]]
 +
**[[Elbe Germanic|Elbe (Irminonic)]]
 +
**[[Weser-Rhine Germanic|Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)]]
 +
**[[North Sea Germanic|North Sea (Ingvaeonic)]]
 +
 
 +
*''[[Northwest Germanic|Northwest]]''
 +
*''[[Gotho-Nordic]]''
 +
*''[[South Germanic|South]]''
 +
 
 +
|group2 = Reconstructed
 +
|list2 =
 +
* [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
 +
* [[Proto-Germanic grammar]]
 +
* [[Germanic parent language]]
 +
* [[Ancient Belgian language]]
 +
 
 +
|group3 = Diachronic features
 +
|list3 =
 +
* [[Grimm's law]]
 +
* [[Verner's law]]
 +
* [[Holtzmann's law]]
 +
* [[Sievers's law]]
 +
* [[Kluge's law]]
 +
* [[Germanic substrate hypothesis]]
 +
* [[West Germanic gemination]]
 +
* [[High German consonant shift]]
 +
* [[Germanic a-mutation]]
 +
* [[Germanic umlaut]]
 +
* [[Germanic spirant law]]
 +
* [[Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law]]
 +
* [[Great Vowel Shift]]
 +
 
 +
|group4 = Synchronic features
 +
|list4 =
 +
* [[Germanic verb]]
 +
* [[Germanic strong verb]]
 +
* [[Germanic weak verb]]
 +
* [[Germanic verb#Preterite-presents|Preterite-present verb]]
 +
* [[Grammatischer Wechsel]]
 +
* [[Indo-European ablaut]]
 +
}}
  
==See also==
+
|below = {{hlist |''Italics'' indicate [[language death|extinct language]]s |* (asterisks) indicates [[list of languages by number of native speakers|languages with more than 3 million speakers]] |Languages between parentheses are [[variety (linguistics)|varieties]] of the language on their left.}}
*{{tl|Germanic philology}}
 
  
[[Category:Europe language templates|Germanic]]
+
}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Africa language templates|Germanic]]<!--(Afrikaans)-->
+
{{Documentation}}
[[Category:Germanic languages|τ]]
+
</noinclude>
}}</noinclude>
 

Latest revision as of 23:23, 21 September 2020

50px Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

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See also