Difference between revisions of "Template:Infobox calcium"

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{{Elementbox
+
{{Infobox element
 +
|engvar={{{engvar|}}}
 
|name=calcium
 
|name=calcium
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|l|s|i|əm}} {{respell|KAL|see-əm}}
 
 
|number=20
 
|number=20
 
|symbol=Ca
 
|symbol=Ca
 +
|abundance=
 +
|abundance in earth's crust=
 +
|abundance in oceans=
 +
|abundance in solar system=
 
|left=[[potassium]]
 
|left=[[potassium]]
 
|right=[[scandium]]
 
|right=[[scandium]]
 
|above=[[magnesium|Mg]]
 
|above=[[magnesium|Mg]]
 
|below=[[strontium|Sr]]
 
|below=[[strontium|Sr]]
|series=alkaline earth metal
+
|category comment=
|series comment=
 
 
|group=2
 
|group=2
 
|period=4
 
|period=4
 
|block=s
 
|block=s
|series color=
+
|appearance=dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw|page=112}}</ref>
|phase color=
+
|image name=Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg
|appearance= Dull gray, silver
 
|image name=Calcium unter Argon Schizophrenically.
 
|image size=
 
|image name comment=
 
|image name 2=Calcium Spectrum.jpg
 
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of Calcium
 
|atomic mass=40.078
 
|atomic mass 2=4
 
|atomic mass comment=
 
|electron configuration=&#91;[[argon|Ar]]&#93; 4s<sup>2</sup>
 
 
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 2
 
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 2
|color=
+
|phase=
|phase=solid
 
 
|phase comment=
 
|phase comment=
 
|density gplstp=
 
|density gplstp=
Line 55: Line 47:
 
|vapor pressure comment=
 
|vapor pressure comment=
 
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
 
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''+2''', +1<ref name="West">{{cite journal|last1=Krieck|first1=Sven|last2=Görls|first2=Helmar|last3=Westerhausen|first3=Matthias|title=Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=132|issue=35|pages=100818110534020|year=2010|pmid=20718434|doi=10.1021/ja105534w}}</ref>
 
|oxidation states comment=strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide
 
 
|electronegativity=1.00
 
|electronegativity=1.00
 
|number of ionization energies=4
 
|number of ionization energies=4
|1st ionization energy=589.8
+
|ionization energy 1=589.8
|2nd ionization energy=1145.4
+
|ionization energy 2=1145.4
|3rd ionization energy=4912.4
+
|ionization energy 3=4912.4
|atomic radius=[[1 E-10 m|197]]
+
|atomic radius=197
 
|atomic radius calculated=
 
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=[[1 E-10 m|176±10]]
+
|covalent radius=176±10
|Van der Waals radius=[[1 E-10 m|231]]
+
|Van der Waals radius=231
 
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]
 
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]
|electrical resistivity=
+
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
 
|electrical resistivity at 0=
 
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=33.6 n
+
|electrical resistivity at 20=33.6
 
|thermal conductivity=201
 
|thermal conductivity=201
 
|thermal conductivity 2=
 
|thermal conductivity 2=
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|speed of sound rod at 20=3810
 
|speed of sound rod at 20=3810
 
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
 
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
 +
|magnetic susceptibility= +40.0·10<sup>−6</sup>
 +
|magnetic susceptibility ref= <ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
 
|Young's modulus=20
 
|Young's modulus=20
 
|Shear modulus=7.4
 
|Shear modulus=7.4
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|Mohs hardness=1.75
 
|Mohs hardness=1.75
 
|Vickers hardness=
 
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=167
+
|Brinell hardness=170–416
 
|CAS number=7440-70-2
 
|CAS number=7440-70-2
 
|isotopes=
 
|isotopes=
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=40 | sym=Ca | na=96.941% | n=20 }}
+
{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=40 | sym=Ca | na=96.941% | n=20 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=41 | sym=Ca | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s|1.03×10<sup>5</sup> y]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=- | pn=41 | ps=[[potassium|K]] }}
+
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=41 | sym=Ca | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=9.94×10<sup>4</sup>&nbsp;y | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=– | link1=potassium-41 | pn=41 | ps=K}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=42 | sym=Ca | na=0.647% | n=22 }}
+
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=42 | sym=Ca | na=0.647% | n=22 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=43 | sym=Ca | na=0.135% | n=23 }}
+
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=43 | sym=Ca | na=0.135% | n=23 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=44 | sym=Ca | na=2.086% | n=24 }}
+
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=44 | sym=Ca | na=2.086% | n=24 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=45 | sym=Ca | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|162.7 d]] | dm=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.258 | pn=45 | ps=[[Scandium|Sc]] }}
+
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=45 | sym=Ca | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=162.6&nbsp;d | dm=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.258 | link1=scandium-45 | pn=45 | ps=Sc}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=46 | sym=Ca | na=0.004% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>2.8×10<sup>15</sup> y]] | dm=[[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=? | pn=46 | ps=[[titanium|Ti]] }}
+
{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=46 | sym=Ca | na=0.004% | n=26 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=47 | sym=Ca | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|4.536 d]] | dm1=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.694, 1.99 | pn1=47 | ps1=[[Scandium|Sc]] |
+
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=47 | sym=Ca | na=syn | hl=4.5&nbsp;d
dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=1.297 | pn2= | ps2=- }}
+
|dm1=β<sup>−</sup> | de1=0.694, 1.99 | link1=scandium-47 | pn1=47 | ps1=Sc |
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=48 | sym=Ca | na=0.187% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>4×10<sup>19</sup> y]] | dm=[[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=? | pn=48 | ps=[[titanium|Ti]] }}
+
dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=1.297 | pn2= | ps2=}}
 +
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=48 | sym=Ca | na=0.187% | hl=6.4×10<sup>19</sup>&nbsp;y
 +
|dm=[[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=4.274 | link=calcium-48 | link1=titanium-48 | pn=48 | ps=Ti}}
 
|isotopes comment=
 
|isotopes comment=
}}<noinclude>{{Template reference list}}[[Category:Periodic table infobox templates|Calcium]]</noinclude>
+
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Humphry Davy]]
 +
|discovery date=1808
 +
|QID=Q706
 +
}}<!--
 +
 
 +
--><noinclude>
 +
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Ca}}
 +
{{Template reference list}}
 +
Two of these are [[WP:REFNAME|named references]]. They may be cited in the containing article as
 +
*<nowiki><ref name="CIAAW2013" /></nowiki> for the source ''Atomic weights of the elements 2013'' (from subtemplates used by {{tl|Infobox element}})
 +
* <nowiki><ref name="West" /></nowiki> for the source edited by Kneck et al.
 +
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
 +
[[Category:Templates that generate named references]]
 +
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 00:31, 16 December 2020

[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Calcium, 20Ca
Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg
Calcium
Appearancedull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint[1]
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ca)Template:Val[2]
Calcium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Mg

Ca

Sr
potassiumcalciumscandium
Atomic number (Z)20
Groupgroup 2 (alkaline earth metals)
Periodperiod 4
Block  s-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
Boiling point1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Density (near r.t.)1.55 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)1.378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion8.54 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.929 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 864 956 1071 1227 1443 1755
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+1,[3] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.00
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 589.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1145.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4912.4 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius231 pm
Spectral lines of calcium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for calcium
Speed of sound thin rod3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion22.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity201 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity33.6 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility+40.0·10−6 cm3/mol[4]
Young's modulus20 GPa
Shear modulus7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus17 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs hardness1.75
Brinell hardness170–416 MPa
CAS Number7440-70-2
History
Discovery and first isolationHumphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes of calcium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
40Ca 96.941% stable
41Ca trace 9.94×104 y ε 41K
42Ca 0.647% stable
43Ca 0.135% stable
44Ca 2.086% stable
45Ca syn 162.6 d β 45Sc
46Ca 0.004% stable
47Ca syn 4.5 d β 47Sc
γ
48Ca 0.187% 6.4×1019 y ββ 48Ti
16x16px Category: Calcium
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 842
K 1115 1115 0
F 1548 1548 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 842, K: 1115, F: 1548
comment
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1484
K 1757 1757 0
F 2703 2703 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 1484, K: 1757, F: 2703
comment
K ←

i'box K

iso
20
Ca (E)
→ Sc

i'box Sc

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  3. Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Two of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
  • <ref name="West" /> for the source edited by Kneck et al.

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