Difference between revisions of "Template:Infobox chromium"

From blackwiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Thehelpfulone
m (Reverted edits by Thehelpfulbot (talk) to last version by Landfieldjc)
imported>Monkbot
m (Task 18a (cosmetic) (manual): eval 2 templates: del empty params (2×);)
 
(78 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Elementbox
+
{{Infobox element
 +
|engvar={{{engvar|}}}
 
|name=chromium
 
|name=chromium
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|m|i|əm}} {{Respell|KROH|mee-əm}}
 
 
|number=24
 
|number=24
 
|symbol=Cr
 
|symbol=Cr
 +
|abundance=
 +
|abundance in earth's crust=
 +
|abundance in oceans=
 +
|abundance in solar system=
 
|left=[[vanadium]]
 
|left=[[vanadium]]
 
|right=[[manganese]]
 
|right=[[manganese]]
|above=-
+
|above=
 
|below=[[molybdenum|Mo]]
 
|below=[[molybdenum|Mo]]
|series=transition metal
+
|category comment=
|series comment=
 
 
|group=6
 
|group=6
 
|period=4
 
|period=4
 
|block=d
 
|block=d
|series color=
 
|phase color=
 
 
|appearance=silvery metallic
 
|appearance=silvery metallic
|image name= Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
+
|image name=Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
|image size=
 
|image name comment=
 
|image name 2=
 
|image name 2 comment=
 
|atomic mass=51.9961
 
|atomic mass 2=6
 
|atomic mass comment=
 
|electron configuration=&#91;[[argon|Ar]]&#93; 4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup>
 
 
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 13, 1
 
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 13, 1
|color=
+
|phase=
|phase=solid
 
 
|phase comment=
 
|phase comment=
 
|density gplstp=
 
|density gplstp=
Line 45: Line 37:
 
|heat fusion=21.0
 
|heat fusion=21.0
 
|heat fusion 2=
 
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=339.5
+
|heat vaporization=347
 
|heat capacity=23.35
 
|heat capacity=23.35
 
|vapor pressure 1=1656
 
|vapor pressure 1=1656
Line 55: Line 47:
 
|vapor pressure comment=
 
|vapor pressure comment=
 
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
 
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''6''', 5, 4, '''3''', 2, 1, -1, -2
 
|oxidation states comment=strongly [[acid]]ic oxide
 
 
|electronegativity=1.66
 
|electronegativity=1.66
 
|number of ionization energies=4
 
|number of ionization energies=4
|1st ionization energy=652.9
+
|ionization energy 1=652.9
|2nd ionization energy=1590.6
+
|ionization energy 2=1590.6
|3rd ionization energy=2987
+
|ionization energy 3=2987
|atomic radius=[[1 E-10 m|128]]
+
|atomic radius=128
 
|atomic radius calculated=
 
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=[[1 E-10 m|139±5]]
+
|covalent radius=139±5
 
|Van der Waals radius=
 
|Van der Waals radius=
|magnetic ordering=[[antiferromagnetism|AFM]] (rather: [[spin density wave|SDW]]<ref name=fawcett>{{cite journal|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209|title=Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium|year=1988|author=Fawcett, Eric|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=60|pages=209|bibcode=1988RvMP...60..209F}}</ref>)
+
|magnetic ordering=[[antiferromagnetism|antiferromagnetic]]
 +
|magnetic ordering comment=(rather: [[spin density wave|SDW]])<ref name=fawcett>{{cite journal|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209|title=Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium|year=1988|author=Fawcett, Eric|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=60|pages=209|bibcode=1988RvMP...60..209F}}</ref>
 +
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
 
|electrical resistivity=
 
|electrical resistivity=
 
|electrical resistivity at 0=
 
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=125 n
+
|electrical resistivity at 20=125
 
|thermal conductivity=93.9
 
|thermal conductivity=93.9
 
|thermal conductivity 2=
 
|thermal conductivity 2=
Line 78: Line 70:
 
|speed of sound rod at 20=5940
 
|speed of sound rod at 20=5940
 
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
 
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
 +
|magnetic susceptibility= +280.0·10<sup>−6</sup>
 +
|magnetic susceptibility ref= &#x20;(273&nbsp;K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}</ref>
 
|Young's modulus=279
 
|Young's modulus=279
 
|Shear modulus=115
 
|Shear modulus=115
 
|Bulk modulus=160
 
|Bulk modulus=160
 
|Poisson ratio=0.21
 
|Poisson ratio=0.21
 +
|Vickers hardness=1060
 
|Mohs hardness=8.5
 
|Mohs hardness=8.5
|Vickers hardness=1060
+
|Brinell hardness=687–6500
|Brinell hardness=1120
 
 
|CAS number=7440-47-3
 
|CAS number=7440-47-3
 
|isotopes=
 
|isotopes=
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=50 | sym=Cr | na=4.345% | hl=> 1.8&times;10<sup>17</sup>[[y]] | dm=[[Double electron capture|εε]] | de=-| pn=50 | ps=[[titanium|Ti]] }}
+
{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=50 | sym=Cr | na=4.345% | n=26 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=51 | sym=Cr | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|27.7025 d]] | dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=- | pn1=51 | ps1=[[vanadium|V]] |
+
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=51 | sym=Cr | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=27.7025&nbsp;d
dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.320 | pn2= | ps2=- }}
+
|dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=– | link1=vanadium-51 | pn1=51 | ps1=V
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=52 | sym=Cr | na=83.789% | n=28 }}
+
|dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.320 | pn2= | ps2=}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=53 | sym=Cr | na=9.501% | n=29 }}
+
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=52 | sym=Cr | na=83.789% | n=28 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=54 | sym=Cr | na=2.365% | n=30 }}
+
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=53 | sym=Cr | na=9.501% | n=29 |firstlinks=no}}
 +
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=54 | sym=Cr | na=2.365% | n=30 |firstlinks=no}}
 
|isotopes comment=
 
|isotopes comment=
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Periodic table infobox templates|Chromium]]
+
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]]
{{Template reference list}}[[fa:الگو:جعبه اطلاعات کروم]]
+
|discovery date=1794
 +
|first isolation date=1797
 +
|QID=Q725
 +
}}<!--
 +
 
 +
--><noinclude>
 +
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Cr}}
 +
{{Template reference list}}
 +
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
 
</noinclude>
 
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 19:29, 16 December 2020

[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Chromium, 24Cr
Chromium crystals and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Chromium
Appearancesilvery metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cr)Template:Val[1]
Chromium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro)

Cr

Mo
vanadiumchromiummanganese
Atomic number (Z)24
Groupgroup 6
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 13, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2180 K ​(1907 °C, ​3465 °F)
Boiling point2944 K ​(2671 °C, ​4840 °F)
Density (near r.t.)7.19 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)6.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion21.0 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization347 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity23.35 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1656 1807 1991 2223 2530 2942
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.66
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 652.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1590.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2987 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius139±5 pm
Spectral lines of chromium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod5940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion4.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity93.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity125 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingantiferromagnetic (rather: SDW)[2]
Magnetic susceptibility+280.0·10−6 cm3/mol (273 K)[3]
Young's modulus279 GPa
Shear modulus115 GPa
Bulk modulus160 GPa
Poisson ratio0.21
Mohs hardness8.5
Vickers hardness1060 MPa
Brinell hardness687–6500 MPa
CAS Number7440-47-3
History
Discovery and first isolationLouis Nicolas Vauquelin (1794, 1797)
Main isotopes of chromium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
50Cr 4.345% stable
51Cr syn 27.7025 d ε 51V
γ
52Cr 83.789% stable
53Cr 9.501% stable
54Cr 2.365% stable
Category Category: Chromium
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1907
K 2180 2180 0
F 3465 3465 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 1907, K: 2180, F: 3465
comment
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 2671
K 2944 2944 0
F 4840 4840 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 2671, K: 2944, F: 4840
comment
V ←

i'box V

iso
24
Cr (E)
→ Mn

i'box Mn

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.
  3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".