Difference between revisions of "Template:Consonants"
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imported>Aeusoes1 m (affricates) |
imported>Kwamikagami (restoring IPA formatting, restoring fricatives to fricative row (I don't know how to get rid of the underlines now)) |
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| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
|- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: center;" | ||
| colspan=2 | | | colspan=2 | | ||
| − | {| align=center cellspacing=0 | + | {| align=center cellspacing=0 style="background: transparent; width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: small;" |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; font-size: xx-small; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em;" | '''Pulmonics''' | | style="width: 6em;" | '''Pulmonics''' | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasals]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasals]] | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial nasal|m]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial nasal|{{IPA|m}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[labiodental nasal|ɱ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[labiodental nasal|{{IPA|ɱ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[dental nasal|n̪]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[dental nasal|{{IPA|n̪}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar nasal|n]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar nasal|{{IPA|n}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex nasal|ɳ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex nasal|{{IPA|ɳ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[palatal nasal|ɲ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[palatal nasal|{{IPA|ɲ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[velar nasal|ŋ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[velar nasal|{{IPA|ŋ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[uvular nasal|ɴ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[uvular nasal|{{IPA|ɴ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Click consonant|Clicks]] | | style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Click consonant|Clicks]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial click|ʘ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial click|{{IPA|ʘ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[dental click|ǀ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[dental click|{{IPA|ǀ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[ | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[postalveolar click|{{IPA|ǃ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[ | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[palatal click|{{IPA|ǂ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[ | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[Lateral alveolar click|{{IPA|ǁ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosives]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosives]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless bilabial plosive|{{IPA|p}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced bilabial plosive|b]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced bilabial plosive|{{IPA|b}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labiodental plosive|p̪]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labiodental plosive|{{IPA|p̪}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labiodental plosive|b̪]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labiodental plosive|{{IPA|b̪}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless dental plosive|t̪]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless dental plosive|{{IPA|t̪}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced dental plosive|d̪]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced dental plosive|{{IPA|d̪}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar plosive|t]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar plosive|{{IPA|t}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar plosive|d]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar plosive|{{IPA|d}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless retroflex plosive|{{IPA|ʈ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced retroflex plosive|{{IPA|ɖ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal plosive|c]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal plosive|{{IPA|c}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced palatal plosive|{{IPA|ɟ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless velar plosive|k]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless velar plosive|{{IPA|k}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|ɡ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless uvular plosive|q]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless uvular plosive|{{IPA|q}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced uvular plosive|ɢ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced uvular plosive|{{IPA|ɢ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" colspan=2 | [[epiglottal plosive|ʡ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" colspan=2 | [[epiglottal plosive|{{IPA|ʡ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[glottal stop|ʔ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[glottal stop|{{IPA|ʔ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Implosive consonant|Implo­sives]] | | style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Implosive consonant|Implo­sives]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced bilabial implosive|ɓ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced bilabial implosive|{{IPA|ɓ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar implosive|ɗ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar implosive|{{IPA|ɗ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced palatal implosive|ʄ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced palatal implosive|{{IPA|ʄ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced velar implosive|ɠ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiced velar implosive|{{IPA|ɠ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[voiced uvular implosive|ʛ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[voiced uvular implosive|{{IPA|ʛ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless bilabial fricative|ɸ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless bilabial fricative|{{IPA|ɸ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced bilabial fricative|{{IPA|β}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labiodental fricative|{{IPA|f}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labiodental fricative|v]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labiodental fricative|{{IPA|v}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless dental fricative|θ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless dental fricative|{{IPA|θ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced dental fricative|{{IPA|ð}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar fricative|{{IPA|s}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar fricative|{{IPA|z}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʃ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʒ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless retroflex fricative|{{IPA|ʂ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced retroflex fricative|ʐ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced retroflex fricative|{{IPA|ʐ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal fricative|ç]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal fricative|{{IPA|ç}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced palatal fricative|{{IPA|ʝ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless velar fricative|x]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless velar fricative|{{IPA|x}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced velar fricative|{{IPA|ɣ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless uvular fricative|χ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless uvular fricative|{{IPA|χ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 | [[voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 | [[voiced uvular fricative|{{IPA|ʁ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative|ħ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative|{{IPA|ħ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 | [[voiced pharyngeal fricative|ʕ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 | [[voiced pharyngeal fricative|{{IPA|ʕ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless epiglottal fricative|ʜ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless epiglottal fricative|{{IPA|ʜ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 | [[voiced epiglottal fricative|ʢ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; vertical-align: middle;" rowspan=2 | [[voiced epiglottal fricative|{{IPA|ʢ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless glottal fricative|{{IPA|h}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced glottal fricative|{{IPA|ɦ}}]] |
| style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Ejective consonant|Ejec­tives]] | | style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Ejective consonant|Ejec­tives]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial ejective|pʼ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial ejective|{{IPA|pʼ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar ejective|tʼ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar ejective|{{IPA|tʼ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[velar ejective|kʼ]] | + | | style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[velar ejective|{{IPA|kʼ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[uvular ejective|qʼ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[uvular ejective|{{IPA|qʼ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar ejective fricative|sʼ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar ejective fricative|{{IPA|sʼ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximants]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximants]] | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial approximant|{{IPA|β̞}}]] | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[labiodental approximant|ʋ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[labiodental approximant|{{IPA|ʋ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[dental approximant|{{IPA|ð̞}}]] | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar approximant|ɹ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar approximant|{{IPA|ɹ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex approximant|ɻ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex approximant|{{IPA|ɻ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[palatal approximant|j]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[palatal approximant|{{IPA|j}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[velar approximant|ɰ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[velar approximant|{{IPA|ɰ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| Line 141: | Line 143: | ||
| style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Lateral consonant|Other laterals]] | | colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Lateral consonant|Other laterals]] | ||
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar lateral flap|ɺ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar lateral flap|{{IPA|ɺ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[velarized alveolar lateral approximant|ɫ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[velarized alveolar lateral approximant|{{IPA|ɫ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Trill consonant|Trills]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Trill consonant|Trills]] | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial trill|ʙ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial trill|{{IPA|ʙ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| Line 152: | Line 154: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar trill|r]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar trill|{{IPA|r}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex trill|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex trill|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| Line 162: | Line 164: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[uvular trill|ʀ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[uvular trill|{{IPA|ʀ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[epiglottal trill|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[epiglottal trill|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Co-articulated consonant|Co-articulated]] [[Approximant consonant|approximants]] | + | | colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Co-articulated consonant|Co-articulated]] [[Approximant consonant|approximants]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labiovelar approximant|{{IPA|ʍ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labial-velar approximant|w]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labial-velar approximant|{{IPA|w}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[labial-palatal approximant|ɥ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[labial-palatal approximant|{{IPA|ɥ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Flap consonant|Flaps & Taps]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Flap consonant|Flaps & Taps]] | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial flap|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[bilabial flap|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[labiodental flap|ѵ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[labiodental flap|{{IPA|ѵ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar tap|ɾ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar tap|{{IPA|ɾ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex flap|ɽ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex flap|{{IPA|ɽ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| Line 197: | Line 199: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[epiglottal flap|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[epiglottal flap|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; background: #ccc;" | | ||
| − | | colspan=4 style="width: *; font-size: xx-small; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right;" | [[Co-articulated consonant|Co-articulated]] [[Fricative consonant|fricatives]] | + | | colspan=4 style="width: *; font-size: xx-small; border-left: 1px solid; text-align: right;" | [[Co-articulated consonant|Co-articulated]] [[Fricative consonant|fricatives]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|{{IPA|ɕ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|{{IPA|ʑ}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal-velar fricative|ɧ]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal-velar fricative|{{IPA|ɧ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lat.]] [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lat.]] [[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]] | ||
| Line 212: | Line 214: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|{{IPA|ɬ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative|ɮ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative|{{IPA|ɮ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless retroflex lateral fricative|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless retroflex lateral fricative|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal lateral fricative|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless palatal lateral fricative|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless velar lateral fricative|•]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless velar lateral fricative|{{IPA|•}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| Line 233: | Line 235: | ||
| style="width: *;" | | | style="width: *;" | | ||
| colspan=2 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricates]] | | colspan=2 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricates]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless alveolar affricate|{{IPA|t͡s}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid;" | [[voiced alveolar affricate|{{IPA|d͡z}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless postalveolar affricate|{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-right: 1px solid;" | [[voiced postalveolar affricate|{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}]] |
|- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | |- style="line-height: 1.25em; vertical-align: bottom;" | ||
| style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lat.]] [[Approximant consonant|Appr'mants]] | | style="width: 6em; font-size: xx-small;" | [[Lateral consonant|Lat.]] [[Approximant consonant|Appr'mants]] | ||
| Line 246: | Line 248: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar lateral approximant|l]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[alveolar lateral approximant|{{IPA|l}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[retroflex lateral approximant|{{IPA|ɭ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[palatal lateral approximant|{{IPA|ʎ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[velar lateral approximant|ʟ]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[velar lateral approximant|{{IPA|ʟ}}]] |
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | | ||
| Line 265: | Line 267: | ||
| style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" | | | style="width: *; border-left: 1px solid;" | | ||
| colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Co-articulated consonant|Co-articulated]] [[Stop consonant|stops]] | | colspan=3 style="width: 9em; font-size: xx-small; text-align: right;" | [[Co-articulated consonant|Co-articulated]] [[Stop consonant|stops]] | ||
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labial-velar plosive|k͡p]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid; border-left: 1px solid;" | [[voiceless labial-velar plosive|{{IPA|k͡p}}]] |
| − | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labial-velar plosive|ɡ͡b]] | + | | style="width: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;" | [[voiced labial-velar plosive|{{IPA|ɡ͡b}}]] |
| − | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border: 1px solid;" | [[labial-velar nasal|ŋ͡m]] | + | | colspan=2 style="width: 3em; border: 1px solid;" | [[labial-velar nasal|{{IPA|ŋ͡m}}]] |
|} | |} | ||
|- style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center; line-height: 1.25em;" | |- style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center; line-height: 1.25em;" | ||
Revision as of 22:18, 2 January 2008
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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