Difference between revisions of "Template:Geologic time scale"

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|rowspan="5" style="background:#ffff7f"| [[Quaternary]]
 
|rowspan="5" style="background:#ffff7f"| [[Quaternary]]
 
|style="background:#ffffb3"| [[Holocene]]
 
|style="background:#ffffb3"| [[Holocene]]
|style="background:#FFF5EF"| ''None''</br>[[Chronozone|chrons]]:</br>[[Subatlantic (period) |Subatlantic]]</br>[[Subboreal (period)|Subboreal]]</br>[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]</br>[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]</br>Preboreal
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[[Chronozone|chrons]]{{·}}[[Subatlantic (period) |Subatlantic]]{{·}}[[Subboreal (period)|Subboreal]]{{·}}[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]{{·}}[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]{{·}}[[Preboreal]]
 
|rowspan="1" | The [[last glacial period]] ends; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins. [[Younger Dryas]] cold spell occurs, [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins, allowing humans to build [[city|cities]]. [[Paleolithic]]/[[Neolithic]] ([[Stone Age]]) cultures begin around [[10th millennium BC|10000 BC]], giving way to [[Copper Age]] (3500 BC) and [[Bronze Age]] (2500 BC). Cultures continue to grow in complexity and technical advancement through the [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world, eventually leading into [[Classical Antiquity]], such as the [[Roman Empire]] and even to the [[Middle Ages]] and [[present day]]. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Also refer to the [[List of archaeological periods]] for clarification on early cultures and ages. [[Mount Tambora]] [[volcanic eruption|erupts]] in 1815, causing the [[Year Without a Summer]] (1816) in Europe and North America from a [[volcanic winter]]. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] levels rise from around 280 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) to the current level of 390 ppmv.<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see the following articles: [[Earth's atmosphere]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], [[global warming]], [[climate change]], [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]], and [[Template:DF temperature]]</ref>
 
|rowspan="1" | The [[last glacial period]] ends; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins. [[Younger Dryas]] cold spell occurs, [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins, allowing humans to build [[city|cities]]. [[Paleolithic]]/[[Neolithic]] ([[Stone Age]]) cultures begin around [[10th millennium BC|10000 BC]], giving way to [[Copper Age]] (3500 BC) and [[Bronze Age]] (2500 BC). Cultures continue to grow in complexity and technical advancement through the [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world, eventually leading into [[Classical Antiquity]], such as the [[Roman Empire]] and even to the [[Middle Ages]] and [[present day]]. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Also refer to the [[List of archaeological periods]] for clarification on early cultures and ages. [[Mount Tambora]] [[volcanic eruption|erupts]] in 1815, causing the [[Year Without a Summer]] (1816) in Europe and North America from a [[volcanic winter]]. Following the [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] levels rise from around 280 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) to the current level of 390 ppmv.<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see the following articles: [[Earth's atmosphere]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], [[global warming]], [[climate change]], [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]], and [[Template:DF temperature]]</ref>
 
|style="background:#ffffb3"| 0.011430&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00013<ref name="cenozoic-division" /><ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,430]] [[before present|years ago]]&nbsp;±&nbsp;130 years (that is, between 9610 BC-9560 BC and 9350 BC-9300 BC). For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
 
|style="background:#ffffb3"| 0.011430&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00013<ref name="cenozoic-division" /><ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,430]] [[before present|years ago]]&nbsp;±&nbsp;130 years (that is, between 9610 BC-9560 BC and 9350 BC-9300 BC). For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
 
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|rowspan="4" style="background:#ffff62"| [[Pleistocene]]
 
|rowspan="4" style="background:#ffff62"| [[Pleistocene]]
| [[Late Pleistocene|Tarantian]]</br>([[Tyrrhenian Stage]]/[[Eemian]]/[[Sangamonian Stage|Sangamonian]])
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| [[Late Pleistocene|Tarantian]]{{·}}[[Tyrrhenian Stage]]{{·}}[[Eemian]]{{·}}[[Sangamonian Stage|Sangamonian]]
 
|rowspan="4"| Flourishing and then extinction of many large [[mammal]]s ([[Pleistocene megafauna]]). Evolution of anatomically modern [[human]]s. [[Last glacial period|Quaternary Ice Age]] continues with [[glaciations]] and [[interstadial]]s (and the accompanying fluctuations from 100 to 300 ppmv in [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] CO<sub>2</sub> levels<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />), further intensification of [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] conditions, roughly 1.6 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Last glacial maximum]] (30000 [[before present|years ago]]), [[last glacial period]] (18000&ndash;15000 years ago). Dawn of human [[Lower Paleolithic#Cultures|stone-age cultures]], with [[Middle Paleolithic#Cultures|increasing technical complexity]] relative to previous ice age cultures, such as [[Upper Paleolithic#Cultures|engravings and clay statues]] (e.g. [[Venus of Lespugue]]), particularly in the [[Mediterranean]] and Europe. [[Lake Toba]] [[supervolcano]] erupts 75000 years before present, causing a [[volcanic winter]] that [[Toba catastrophe theory|pushes humanity to the brink of extinction]].  Pleistocene ends with [[Oldest Dryas]], [[Older Dryas]]/[[Allerød Oscillation|Allerød]] and [[Younger Dryas]] climate events, with Younger Dryas forming the boundary with the Holocene.
 
|rowspan="4"| Flourishing and then extinction of many large [[mammal]]s ([[Pleistocene megafauna]]). Evolution of anatomically modern [[human]]s. [[Last glacial period|Quaternary Ice Age]] continues with [[glaciations]] and [[interstadial]]s (and the accompanying fluctuations from 100 to 300 ppmv in [[Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric]] CO<sub>2</sub> levels<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />), further intensification of [[Greenhouse and Icehouse Earth|Icehouse Earth]] conditions, roughly 1.6 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Last glacial maximum]] (30000 [[before present|years ago]]), [[last glacial period]] (18000&ndash;15000 years ago). Dawn of human [[Lower Paleolithic#Cultures|stone-age cultures]], with [[Middle Paleolithic#Cultures|increasing technical complexity]] relative to previous ice age cultures, such as [[Upper Paleolithic#Cultures|engravings and clay statues]] (e.g. [[Venus of Lespugue]]), particularly in the [[Mediterranean]] and Europe. [[Lake Toba]] [[supervolcano]] erupts 75000 years before present, causing a [[volcanic winter]] that [[Toba catastrophe theory|pushes humanity to the brink of extinction]].  Pleistocene ends with [[Oldest Dryas]], [[Older Dryas]]/[[Allerød Oscillation|Allerød]] and [[Younger Dryas]] climate events, with Younger Dryas forming the boundary with the Holocene.
 
|style="background:#ffff62"| 0.126&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.005<sup>*</sup>
 
|style="background:#ffff62"| 0.126&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.005<sup>*</sup>
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|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4406&nbsp;±&nbsp;8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]] (4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
 
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4406&nbsp;±&nbsp;8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]] (4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
 
|style="background:#809090"| c.4570
 
|style="background:#809090"| c.4570
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Revision as of 06:56, 23 August 2011