Difference between revisions of "Template:Geologic time scale"

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imported>NotWith
(Amphibian)
imported>DanHobley
(Updated formatting, stages & series for Cambrian (needs checking links))
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! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2004 time scale. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
 
! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2004 time scale. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|rowspan="94" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a<ref>References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.</ref>
+
|rowspan="100" style="background:#ffffff"| n/a<ref>References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.</ref>
|rowspan="94" style="background:#b3e2d1"| [[Phanerozoic]]
+
|rowspan="100" style="background:#b3e2d1"| [[Phanerozoic]]
 
|rowspan="23" style="background:#ffff00"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
 
|rowspan="23" style="background:#ffff00"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
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|style="background:#67b39f"| 251.0 ±&nbsp;0.7<sup>*</sup>
 
|style="background:#67b39f"| 251.0 ±&nbsp;0.7<sup>*</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
|rowspan="41" style="background:#80b5d5"| [[Paleozoic]]
+
|rowspan="47" style="background:#80b5d5"| [[Paleozoic]]
 
|rowspan="9" style="background:#67c6de"| [[Permian]]
 
|rowspan="9" style="background:#67c6de"| [[Permian]]
 
|rowspan="2" style="background:#b3e3ee"| [[Lopingian]]
 
|rowspan="2" style="background:#b3e3ee"| [[Lopingian]]
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|style="background:#e67da4"| 488.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.7<sup>*</sup>
 
|style="background:#e67da4"| 488.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.7<sup>*</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:#fb805f"| [[Cambrian]]
+
|rowspan="10" style="background:#fb805f"| [[Cambrian]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#fdcdb8"| [[Furongian]]
+
|rowspan="3" style="background:#fdcdb8"| [[Furongian]]
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|other faunal stages]]
+
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 10]]
|rowspan="4"| Major diversification of life in the [[Cambrian Explosion]]. Numerous fossils; most modern [[Animalia|animal]] [[Phylum|phyla]] appear. First [[chordates]] appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building [[Archaeocyatha]] abundant; then vanish. [[Trilobite]]s, [[priapulid]] worms, [[Porifera|sponges]], inarticulate [[brachiopod]]s (unhinged lampshells), and many other animals numerous. [[Anomalocarid]]s are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. [[Prokaryote]]s, [[protist]]s (e.g., [[foram]]s), [[fungus|fungi]] and [[algae]] continue to present day. [[Gondwana]] emerges. [[Petermann Orogeny]] on the [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off (550&ndash;535 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]). Ross Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]], majority of orogenic activity from 514&ndash;500 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], c. 540&ndash;440 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO<sub>2</sub> content roughly 20&ndash;35 times present-day ([[Holocene]]) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 385 ppmv)<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
+
|rowspan="10"| Major diversification of life in the [[Cambrian Explosion]]. Numerous fossils; most modern [[Animalia|animal]] [[Phylum|phyla]] appear. First [[chordates]] appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building [[Archaeocyatha]] abundant; then vanish. [[Trilobite]]s, [[priapulid]] worms, [[Porifera|sponges]], inarticulate [[brachiopod]]s (unhinged lampshells), and many other animals numerous. [[Anomalocarid]]s are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. [[Prokaryote]]s, [[protist]]s (e.g., [[foram]]s), [[fungus|fungi]] and [[algae]] continue to present day. [[Gondwana]] emerges. [[Petermann Orogeny]] on the [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]] tapers off (550&ndash;535 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]). Ross Orogeny in Antarctica. [[Adelaide Geosyncline|Adelaide Geosyncline (Delamerian Orogeny)]], majority of orogenic activity from 514&ndash;500 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Lachlan Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]], c. 540&ndash;440 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] CO<sub>2</sub> content roughly 20&ndash;35 times present-day ([[Holocene]]) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 385 ppmv)<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide" />
|style="background:#fdcdb8"| 496.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.0<sup>*</sup>
+
|style="background:#fdcdb8"| c. 489.5<sup>*</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Paibian]]/[[Ibexian]]/<br/>[[Ayusokkanian]]/[[Sakian]]/<br/>[[Aksayan]]
+
| [[Jiangshanian]]
|style="background:#fdcdb8"| 501.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.0<sup>*</sup>
+
|style="background:#fdcdb8"| c. 494<sup>*</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
|style="background:#e8ae97"| [[Middle Cambrian|Middle]]
+
| [[Paibian]]
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|other faunal stages]]/[[Middle_Cambrian|Albertan]]
+
|style="background:#fdcdb8"| c. 497<sup>*</sup>
|style="background:#e8ae97"| 513.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.0
 
 
|-
 
|-
|style="background:#e77c72"| [[Early Cambrian|Early]]
+
|rowspan="3" style="background:#e8ae97"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 3]]
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|other faunal stages]]/<br/>[[Waucoban]]/[[Tommotian]]/<br/>[[Atdabanian]]/[[Botomian]]
+
| [[Guzhangian]]
|style="background:#e77c72"| 542.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.0<sup>*</sup>
+
|style="background:#e8ae97"| c. 500.5
 +
|-
 +
| [[Drumian]]
 +
|style="background:#e8ae97"| c. 504.5
 +
|-
 +
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 5]]
 +
|style="background:#e8ae97"| c. 509
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan="2" style="background:#e77c72"| [[Middle Cambrian|Series 2]]
 +
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 4]]
 +
|style="background:#e77c72"| c. 514<sup>*</sup>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 3]]
 +
|style="background:#e77c72"| c. 521<sup>*</sup>
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan="2" style="background:#e77c72"| [[Terrenuevian]]
 +
| [[Cambrian#Subdivisions|Stage 2]]
 +
|style="background:#e77c72"| c. 529<sup>*</sup>
 +
|-
 +
| [[Fortunian]]
 +
|style="background:#e77c72"| 541.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.0<sup>*</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|rowspan="18" style="background:#b0c4d8"| [[Precambrian|Precam-<br />brian]]<ref name="aka-cryptozoic">The [[Precambrian]] is also known as Cryptozoic.</ref>
 
|rowspan="18" style="background:#b0c4d8"| [[Precambrian|Precam-<br />brian]]<ref name="aka-cryptozoic">The [[Precambrian]] is also known as Cryptozoic.</ref>
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|style="background:#ead8bc"| [[Ediacaran]]
 
|style="background:#ead8bc"| [[Ediacaran]]
 
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled animal]]s. [[Ediacaran biota]] flourish worldwide in seas. Simple [[trace fossil]]s of possible worm-like ''[[Trichophycus pedum|Trichophycus]]'', etc. First [[Porifera|sponge]]s and [[Trilobita|trilobitomorph]]s. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like ''[[Dickinsonia]]''). [[Taconic Orogeny]] in North America. [[Aravalli Range]] [[orogeny]] in [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Beginning of [[Petermann Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]]. Beardmore Orogeny in Antarctica, 633&ndash;620 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
 
|colspan="3"| Good [[fossil]]s of the first [[Metazoa|multi-celled animal]]s. [[Ediacaran biota]] flourish worldwide in seas. Simple [[trace fossil]]s of possible worm-like ''[[Trichophycus pedum|Trichophycus]]'', etc. First [[Porifera|sponge]]s and [[Trilobita|trilobitomorph]]s. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like ''[[Dickinsonia]]''). [[Taconic Orogeny]] in North America. [[Aravalli Range]] [[orogeny]] in [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Beginning of [[Petermann Orogeny]] on [[Australia (Continent)|Australian Continent]]. Beardmore Orogeny in Antarctica, 633&ndash;620 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]].
|style="background:#ead8bc"| 630 +5/-30<sup>*</sup>
+
|style="background:#ead8bc"| c. 635<sup>*</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|style="background:#dcabaa"| [[Cryogenian]]
 
|style="background:#dcabaa"| [[Cryogenian]]
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|style="background:#809090"| [[Eoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
 
|style="background:#809090"| [[Eoarchean]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" />
 
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s.
 
|colspan="4"| [[Prokaryote|Simple single-celled life]] (probably [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]). Oldest probable [[microfossil]]s.
|style="background:#809090"| 3800
+
|style="background:#809090"| 4000
 
|-
 
|-
 
|rowspan="4" style="background:#809090"| [[Hadean]]<br /><ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="hadeon-not-formal">Though commonly used, the [[Hadean]] is not a formal eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the [[lunar geologic time scale]]. These eras include the [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]] and [[Basin Groups]] (which are subdivisions of the [[Pre-Nectarian]] era), [[Nectarian]], and [[Early Imbrian]] units.</ref>
 
|rowspan="4" style="background:#809090"| [[Hadean]]<br /><ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="hadeon-not-formal">Though commonly used, the [[Hadean]] is not a formal eon and no lower bound for the Archean and Eoarchean have been agreed upon. The Hadean has also sometimes been called the Priscoan or the Azoic. Sometimes, the Hadean can be found to be subdivided according to the [[lunar geologic time scale]]. These eras include the [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]] and [[Basin Groups]] (which are subdivisions of the [[Pre-Nectarian]] era), [[Nectarian]], and [[Early Imbrian]] units.</ref>
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|style="background:#809090"| [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
 
|style="background:#809090"| [[Cryptic era|Cryptic]]<ref name="Precambrian-Time" /><ref name="Lunar-geologic-timescale-names" />
 
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4404&nbsp;±&nbsp;8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]] (4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
 
|colspan="4"| Oldest known [[mineral]] ([[Zircon]], 4404&nbsp;±&nbsp;8 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]).<ref name="geology-wisc-edu">[http://www.geology.wisc.edu/%7Evalley/zircons/Wilde2001Nature.pdf Geology.wisc.edu]</ref> Formation of [[Moon]] (4533 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]]), probably from [[Giant_impact_hypothesis|giant impact]]. Formation of [[Earth]] (4567.17 to 4570 [[Year#SI_prefix_multipliers|Ma]])
|style="background:#809090"| c.4570
+
|style="background:#809090"| c.4600
 
|}</div>
 
|}</div>
 
<includeonly>
 
<includeonly>

Revision as of 02:33, 25 October 2012

ar:قالب:المقياس الزمني الجيولوجي es:Plantilla:Escala temporal geológica hi:भूवैज्ञानिक समय-मान pt:Predefinição:Tempo geológico