Difference between revisions of "Template:IPAc-mh common doc"
imported>Nardog m (→top: dab: IPA → International Phonetic Alphabet using AWB) |
imported>Gilgamesh~enwiki (The (never-used) audio file feature needs to be rewritten, but I don't think I was the one who wrote it. (Not finished rewriting yet.)) |
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<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> | <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> | ||
| − | + | The template [[Template:IPAc-mh]], backed by the Scribunto/Lua module [[Module:mh-pronunc]], is used to produce phonetic representation (using the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], or IPA) of [[Marshallese language|Marshallese]] words or sounds. The result is wikilinked to [[Help:IPA/Marshallese]]. | |
===Usage=== | ===Usage=== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Normal usage: | Normal usage: | ||
| − | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh| | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|mhahjelh}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|mhahjelh}} |
| − | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh| | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|majr&w}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|majr&w}} |
| − | + | The template uses, as its first parameter, a special notation describing all the Marshallese [[phoneme]]s that make up a particular word or phrase. The notation is a modified [[ASCII]]-only variation of [[Marshallese language#Bender's orthography|Bender's orthography]]. The notation is case-insensitive, but fairly strict in its formatting, and the template will display an error if the notation is malformed. The notation may consist of: | |
| − | * <code>< | + | * ASCII [[whitespace character]]s and [[hyphen]]s (<code>-</code>), which are also ignored. |
| − | + | * ASCII [[apostrophe]]s (<code>'</code>), which are ''mostly'' ignored. | |
| − | + | * Any of the following ASCII character sequences, representing [[consonant]] and [[vowel]] phonemes: | |
| − | * <code> | + | ** <code>a b d e & h i 'i j k kw l lh lw m mh n ng ngw nh nw p r rw t w y 'yiy yi'y</code> |
| − | + | * Multiple separate pronunciation samples may be separated by an ASCII [[comma]] (<code>,</code>), but duplicate results will not be displayed. | |
| − | + | An ASCII apostrophe may be placed between two sequences disambiguate them, for example <code>l'w</code> to separate <code>l</code> and <code>w</code> so as not to be mistaken for <code>lw</code>. | |
====Consonants==== | ====Consonants==== | ||
| − | + | The consonant sequences represent the following phonemes: | |
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |
| + | |- style="font-size: smaller;" | ||
| + | ! Sequence | ||
| + | ! Phoneme | ||
| + | ! Allophones | ||
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | ! rowspan="12" | | ||
| + | ! Sequence | ||
| + | ! Phoneme | ||
| + | ! Allophones | ||
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | ! rowspan="12" | | ||
| + | ! Sequence | ||
| + | ! Phoneme | ||
| + | ! Allophones | ||
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>p</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/pʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[pʲ, bʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|p}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|p}} | ||
| + | | <code>b</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/pˠ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[pˠ, bˠ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|b, bw}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|b}} | ||
| + | ! colspan="5" | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>j</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/tʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[tʲ, dʲ, t͡sʲ, d͡zʲ, sʲ, zʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|j}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|j}} | ||
| + | | <code>t</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/tˠ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[tˠ, dˠ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|t}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|t}} | ||
| + | ! colspan="5" | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! colspan="4" | | ||
| + | | <code>k</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/k/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[k, ɡ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|k}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|k}} | ||
| + | | <code>kw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/kʷ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[kʷ, ɡʷ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|kw, k}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|kʷ, q}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>m</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/mʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[mʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|m}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|m}} | ||
| + | | <code>mh</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/mˠ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[mˠ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|m̧, m̧w}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|m̧, ṃ, ṁ}} | ||
| + | ! colspan="5" | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>n</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/nʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[nʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|n}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|n}} | ||
| + | | <code>nh</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/nˠ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[nˠ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ņ}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ņ, ṇ, ṅ}} | ||
| + | | <code>nw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/nʷ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[nʷ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ņw, ņ}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ņʷ, ņ°, ṇʷ, ņ°, n̈}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! colspan="4" | | ||
| + | | <code>ng</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/ŋ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[ŋ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|n̄}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|g}} | ||
| + | | <code>ngw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/ŋʷ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[ŋʷ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|n̄w, n̄}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|gʷ, g°, g̈}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>d</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/rʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[rʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|d}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|d}} | ||
| + | | <code>r</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/rˠ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[rˠ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|r}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|r}} | ||
| + | | <code>rw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/rʷ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[rʷ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|rw, r}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|rʷ, r°, r̈}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>l</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/lʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[lʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|l}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|l}} | ||
| + | | <code>lh</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/lˠ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[lˠ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ļ}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ļ, ḷ, ł}} | ||
| + | | <code>lw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/lʷ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[lʷ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ļw, ļ}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ļʷ, ļ°, ḷʷ, ḷ°, l̈}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>y</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/j/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[-, ɛ̯, e̯, i̯]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|-, e, i}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|y}} | ||
| + | | <code>h</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/ɰ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[-]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|-}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|h}} | ||
| + | | <code>w</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/w/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[-, w]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|-, w}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|w}} | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | ===== | + | ====Vowels==== |
| − | + | There are only four primary vowel sequences: | |
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |
| − | + | |- style="font-size: smaller;" | |
| − | = | + | ! Sequence |
| − | + | ! Phoneme | |
| − | + | ! Allophones | |
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>a</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/æ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[æ, ɑ, ɒ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ā, a, o̧}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|a}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>e</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/ɛ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[ɛ, ʌ, ɔ]}} | ||
| + | | rowspan="2" | {{lang|mh|e, ō, o}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|e}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>&</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/e/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[e, ɤ, o]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ȩ, ẹ, &}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>a</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/i/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[i, ɯ, u]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|i, ū, u}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|i}} | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | In addition, [[epenthesis|epenthetic]] vowels are automatically generated between two consonants in an unstable consonant cluster. The vowel automatically chosen depends on the consonants involved and the nearest other neighboring vowels. These epenthetic vowels are marked short: {{IPA|[æ̆ ɛ̆ ĕ ĭ ɑ̆ ʌ̆ ɤ̆ ɯ̆ ɒ̆ ɔ̆ ŏ ŭ]}} | ||
| − | ==== | + | ====Special sequences==== |
| − | + | These sequences take effect at the beginning of a word or after a consonant. | |
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |
| − | + | |- style="font-size: smaller;" | |
| − | + | ! Sequence | |
| + | ! Phoneme | ||
| + | ! Allophones | ||
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | ! Notes | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>yiw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/jiw/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[i̯uːw]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|iuw}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|yiw}} | ||
| + | | Use <code>y'iw</code> to avoid this special sequence. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>yi'y</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/ji̯j/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[i̯]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|i}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|yi'y}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>'yiy</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/jijj/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[iː]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|ii}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|'yiy}} | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | ==== | + | ====Dialect variation==== |
| − | + | These sequences produce different results depending on Marshallese dialect, and take effect at the beginning of a word or after a consonant. If a IPA pronunciation varies between the western [[Rālik Chain]] dialect and the eastern [[Ratak Chain]] dialect, both pronunciations will be displayed. | |
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |
| − | + | |- style="font-size: smaller;" | |
| − | + | ! Sequence | |
| + | ! Phoneme | ||
| + | ! Rālik | ||
| + | ! Ratak | ||
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | ! Notes | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>hha</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/ɰɰæ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[ɑː]}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[ɑ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|a, aa}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|hha}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>wiw</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/wiw/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[i̯uːw]}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[uːw]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|uw, iuw}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|wiw}} | ||
| + | | Use <code>w'iw</code> to avoid this special sequence. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>yiy</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/jij/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[iː]}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[i̯]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|i, ii}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|yiy}} | ||
| + | | Use <code>y'iy</code> to avoid this special sequence. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | In addition, if the notation begins with two of the same consonant (other than <code>hh</code>), a [[prothesis (linguistics)|prothetic]] vowel will automatically be added in a different fashion depending on the dialect. For example: | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
| + | |- style="font-size: smaller;" | ||
| + | ! Sequence | ||
| + | ! Phoneme | ||
| + | ! Rālik | ||
| + | ! Ratak | ||
| + | ! Writing | ||
| + | ! Bender | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <code>mhmhan</code> | ||
| + | | {{IPA|/mˠmˠænʲ/}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[ɛmˠːɑnʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{IPA|[mˠʌmˠɑnʲ]}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|m̧m̧an, em̧m̧an, m̧ōm̧an}} | ||
| + | | {{lang|mh|m̧m̧an, ṃṃan, ṁṁan}} | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | ==== | + | ====Initial and final vowels==== |
| − | + | Spoken Marshallese words must always begin or end with a consonant. But because some Marshallese [[affix]]es begin or end with a bare vowel that fuses to the consonant of an attached [[morpheme]], the template does not prohibit notations beginning or ending with vowels. In such circumstances, it will display three separate possible pronunciations for each bare vowel, depending on the variable [[secondary articulation]]s of the consonants which may be attached. | |
| − | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|ri-}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|ri-}} | |
| − | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|-in}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|-in}} | |
| − | + | Unlike other vowels the template may display, bare vowels are shown as tied diphthongs, with the implication that the vowel may be pronounced as a diphthong or as one of the two possible surface vowels, in [[free variation]]. This is also true of all other vowels in Marshallese, but the most likely pronunciations are simpler for the module to predict when the neighboring consonants and nearest vowels are already known. | |
| − | |||
| − | * < | ||
| − | |||
| − | * < | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | To display only one specific reflex instead of all three, any of the special "pseudo-glide" sequences <code>y_ h_ w_ _y _h _w</code> may come at the beginning or end of the notation. | |
| − | * | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|ri_y}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|ri_y}} |
| − | * | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|w_in}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|w_in}} |
| − | |||
| − | + | ====Additional parameters==== | |
| − | + | Additional named parameters may be supplied to alter some of the display aspects of the IPA pronunciation. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ===== | + | =====<code>careful</code>===== |
| − | + | Normally, if a Marshallese word or phrase can be pronounced more than one different way depending on how it is (or is not) [[enunciation|enunciated]], more than one pronunciation may be displayed: | |
| − | * < | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|harnhew}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|harnhew}} |
| − | + | But if <code>|careful=false</code> or <code>|careful=true</code> are supplied, only one of the two modes is displayed: | |
| − | * < | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|harnhew|careful=true}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|harnhew|careful=true}} |
| − | * < | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|harnhew|careful=false}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|harnhew|careful=false}} |
| − | + | Neither pronunciation is "wrong," but a more careful pronunciation may be considered clearer, while a less careful pronunciation is more organically occurring. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ===== | + | =====<code>nobrackets</code>===== |
| − | + | If <code>|nobrackets=true</code> is supplied, the IPA pronunciation will be displayed without brackets. | |
| − | + | * <code><nowiki>{{IPAc-mh|yi'yakwey|nobrackets=true}}</nowiki></code> produces {{IPAc-mh|yi'yakwey|nobrackets=true}} | |
| − | * < | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | WIP | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | The | + | ====Limitations==== |
| + | The template will display an error message under certain circumstances: | ||
| + | * Words may not begin with more than one consonant sequence, unless they are two of the same consonant. | ||
| + | * Words may not contain sequences of three or more consonants. | ||
| + | * The special sequences <code>yi'y</code> and <code>'yiy</code> must always occur directly before a vowel. | ||
| + | * Pseudo-glides must come either at the beginning or end of a phrase, may not neighbor another consonant, and may not neighbor two vowels. | ||
| + | * Two vowels may not directly neighbor each other, and must be separated by at least one consonant. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Template:Usage of IPA templates|Information on other IPA templates]] | *[[Template:Usage of IPA templates|Information on other IPA templates]] | ||
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Help:IPA/Marshallese]] |
| − | *[[Marshallese | + | *[[Marshallese phonology]] |
<includeonly> | <includeonly> | ||
<!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> | <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> | ||
</includeonly> | </includeonly> | ||
Revision as of 22:43, 10 December 2019
The template Template:IPAc-mh, backed by the Scribunto/Lua module Module:mh-pronunc, is used to produce phonetic representation (using the International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA) of Marshallese words or sounds. The result is wikilinked to Help:IPA/Marshallese.
Contents
Usage
Normal usage:
{{IPAc-mh|mhahjelh}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
{{IPAc-mh|majr&w}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
The template uses, as its first parameter, a special notation describing all the Marshallese phonemes that make up a particular word or phrase. The notation is a modified ASCII-only variation of Bender's orthography. The notation is case-insensitive, but fairly strict in its formatting, and the template will display an error if the notation is malformed. The notation may consist of:
- ASCII whitespace characters and hyphens (
-), which are also ignored. - ASCII apostrophes (
'), which are mostly ignored. - Any of the following ASCII character sequences, representing consonant and vowel phonemes:
a b d e & h i 'i j k kw l lh lw m mh n ng ngw nh nw p r rw t w y 'yiy yi'y
- Multiple separate pronunciation samples may be separated by an ASCII comma (
,), but duplicate results will not be displayed.
An ASCII apostrophe may be placed between two sequences disambiguate them, for example l'w to separate l and w so as not to be mistaken for lw.
Consonants
The consonant sequences represent the following phonemes:
| Sequence | Phoneme | Allophones | Writing | Bender | Sequence | Phoneme | Allophones | Writing | Bender | Sequence | Phoneme | Allophones | Writing | Bender | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p
|
/pʲ/ | [pʲ, bʲ] | p | p | b
|
/pˠ/ | [pˠ, bˠ] | b, bw | b | |||||||
j
|
/tʲ/ | [tʲ, dʲ, t͡sʲ, d͡zʲ, sʲ, zʲ] | j | j | t
|
/tˠ/ | [tˠ, dˠ] | t | t | |||||||
k
|
/k/ | [k, ɡ] | k | k | kw
|
/kʷ/ | [kʷ, ɡʷ] | kw, k | kʷ, q | |||||||
m
|
/mʲ/ | [mʲ] | m | m | mh
|
/mˠ/ | [mˠ] | m̧, m̧w | m̧, ṃ, ṁ | |||||||
n
|
/nʲ/ | [nʲ] | n | n | nh
|
/nˠ/ | [nˠ] | ņ | ņ, ṇ, ṅ | nw
|
/nʷ/ | [nʷ] | ņw, ņ | ņʷ, ņ°, ṇʷ, ņ°, n̈ | ||
ng
|
/ŋ/ | [ŋ] | n̄ | g | ngw
|
/ŋʷ/ | [ŋʷ] | n̄w, n̄ | gʷ, g°, g̈ | |||||||
d
|
/rʲ/ | [rʲ] | d | d | r
|
/rˠ/ | [rˠ] | r | r | rw
|
/rʷ/ | [rʷ] | rw, r | rʷ, r°, r̈ | ||
l
|
/lʲ/ | [lʲ] | l | l | lh
|
/lˠ/ | [lˠ] | ļ | ļ, ḷ, ł | lw
|
/lʷ/ | [lʷ] | ļw, ļ | ļʷ, ļ°, ḷʷ, ḷ°, l̈ | ||
y
|
/j/ | [-, ɛ̯, e̯, i̯] | -, e, i | y | h
|
/ɰ/ | [-] | - | h | w
|
/w/ | [-, w] | -, w | w | ||
Vowels
There are only four primary vowel sequences:
| Sequence | Phoneme | Allophones | Writing | Bender |
|---|---|---|---|---|
a
|
/æ/ | [æ, ɑ, ɒ] | ā, a, o̧ | a |
e
|
/ɛ/ | [ɛ, ʌ, ɔ] | e, ō, o | e |
&
|
/e/ | [e, ɤ, o] | ȩ, ẹ, & | |
a
|
/i/ | [i, ɯ, u] | i, ū, u | i |
In addition, epenthetic vowels are automatically generated between two consonants in an unstable consonant cluster. The vowel automatically chosen depends on the consonants involved and the nearest other neighboring vowels. These epenthetic vowels are marked short: [æ̆ ɛ̆ ĕ ĭ ɑ̆ ʌ̆ ɤ̆ ɯ̆ ɒ̆ ɔ̆ ŏ ŭ]
Special sequences
These sequences take effect at the beginning of a word or after a consonant.
| Sequence | Phoneme | Allophones | Writing | Bender | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yiw
|
/jiw/ | [i̯uːw] | iuw | yiw | Use y'iw to avoid this special sequence.
|
yi'y
|
/ji̯j/ | [i̯] | i | yi'y | |
'yiy
|
/jijj/ | [iː] | ii | 'yiy |
Dialect variation
These sequences produce different results depending on Marshallese dialect, and take effect at the beginning of a word or after a consonant. If a IPA pronunciation varies between the western Rālik Chain dialect and the eastern Ratak Chain dialect, both pronunciations will be displayed.
| Sequence | Phoneme | Rālik | Ratak | Writing | Bender | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hha
|
/ɰɰæ/ | [ɑː] | [ɑ] | a, aa | hha | |
wiw
|
/wiw/ | [i̯uːw] | [uːw] | uw, iuw | wiw | Use w'iw to avoid this special sequence.
|
yiy
|
/jij/ | [iː] | [i̯] | i, ii | yiy | Use y'iy to avoid this special sequence.
|
In addition, if the notation begins with two of the same consonant (other than hh), a prothetic vowel will automatically be added in a different fashion depending on the dialect. For example:
| Sequence | Phoneme | Rālik | Ratak | Writing | Bender |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mhmhan
|
/mˠmˠænʲ/ | [ɛmˠːɑnʲ] | [mˠʌmˠɑnʲ] | m̧m̧an, em̧m̧an, m̧ōm̧an | m̧m̧an, ṃṃan, ṁṁan |
Initial and final vowels
Spoken Marshallese words must always begin or end with a consonant. But because some Marshallese affixes begin or end with a bare vowel that fuses to the consonant of an attached morpheme, the template does not prohibit notations beginning or ending with vowels. In such circumstances, it will display three separate possible pronunciations for each bare vowel, depending on the variable secondary articulations of the consonants which may be attached.
{{IPAc-mh|ri-}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
{{IPAc-mh|-in}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
Unlike other vowels the template may display, bare vowels are shown as tied diphthongs, with the implication that the vowel may be pronounced as a diphthong or as one of the two possible surface vowels, in free variation. This is also true of all other vowels in Marshallese, but the most likely pronunciations are simpler for the module to predict when the neighboring consonants and nearest vowels are already known.
To display only one specific reflex instead of all three, any of the special "pseudo-glide" sequences y_ h_ w_ _y _h _w may come at the beginning or end of the notation.
{{IPAc-mh|ri_y}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
{{IPAc-mh|w_in}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
Additional parameters
Additional named parameters may be supplied to alter some of the display aspects of the IPA pronunciation.
careful
Normally, if a Marshallese word or phrase can be pronounced more than one different way depending on how it is (or is not) enunciated, more than one pronunciation may be displayed:
{{IPAc-mh|harnhew}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
But if |careful=false or |careful=true are supplied, only one of the two modes is displayed:
{{IPAc-mh|harnhew|careful=true}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
{{IPAc-mh|harnhew|careful=false}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
Neither pronunciation is "wrong," but a more careful pronunciation may be considered clearer, while a less careful pronunciation is more organically occurring.
nobrackets
If |nobrackets=true is supplied, the IPA pronunciation will be displayed without brackets.
{{IPAc-mh|yi'yakwey|nobrackets=true}}produces
- REDIRECT Template:IPAc2-mh
WIP
Limitations
The template will display an error message under certain circumstances:
- Words may not begin with more than one consonant sequence, unless they are two of the same consonant.
- Words may not contain sequences of three or more consonants.
- The special sequences
yi'yand'yiymust always occur directly before a vowel. - Pseudo-glides must come either at the beginning or end of a phrase, may not neighbor another consonant, and may not neighbor two vowels.
- Two vowels may not directly neighbor each other, and must be separated by at least one consonant.
See also