Difference between revisions of "Template:List of great powers by date"

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![[Congress of Vienna|1815]]!![[Congress of Berlin|1878]]!![[Eight-Nation Alliance|1900]]!![[Treaty of Versailles|1919]]!![[World War II|1939]]!![[United Nations Charter|1945]]!![[Contemporary history|c. 2000]]
 
| rowspan="1"|
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
  
<!-- AUSTRIA -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #FF8C00;"<!-- 1815 -->|{{flag|Austrian Empire|name=Austria}}{{#tag:ref|For Austria in 1815, see: <ref name="Encarta">
 
{{cite encyclopedia|author=Peter Howard |encyclopedia=Encarta |title=Great Powers |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwqEr8pe|archivedate=2009-10-31|accessdate=2008-12-20 |edition= |year=2008 |publisher=MSN |archiveurl=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761590309/Great_Powers.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="World history, 1815-1920">{{cite book | last = Fueter| first = Eduard | title=World history, 1815–1920| publisher=Harcourt, Brace and Company| year=1922| location=United States of America | pages = 25–28, 36–44| isbn = 1584770775| url=https://books.google.com/?id=XeKyv9l-3QEC&pg=PA25&dq=%22Great+Powers%22+%22Congress+of+Vienna%22#v=onepage}}</ref><ref name="When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers">Danilovic, Vesna. "When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers", University of Michigan Press (2002), pp 27, 225–228 [http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailLookInside.do?id=16953 (PDF chapter downloads)] [http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472112872-appb.pdf (PDF copy)].</ref>|name="austria-1815"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #A0522D;"<!-- c. 1880 -->|{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}{{#tag:ref|For Austria in 1880, see: <ref name="1880 to the Diamond Jubilee">{{cite book | last = McCarthy| first = Justin| title=A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee| publisher=Harper & Brothers, Publishers| year=1880| location=New York, United States of America | pages = 475–476| isbn = | url=https://books.google.com/?id=kvYoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA480&dq=%22Great+Powers%22#PPA475,M1}}</ref>|name="austria-1880"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}{{#tag:ref|For Austria in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia">{{cite book | last = Dallin | first = David | title = The Rise of Russia in Asia | publisher = | date = November 2006| location = | pages = | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Q5nIUd_mlEcC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22boxer+rebellion%22+%22great+powers%22#PPA56,M1 | doi = | id = | isbn = 9781406729191}}</ref>|name="austria-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1919 -->
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!--UNITED KINGDOM-->
 
| style="border:1px solid #FF8C00;"<!-- 1815 -->|{{flag|British Empire|1801}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 1815, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="World history, 1815-1920"/><ref name="When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers"/>|name="britain-1815"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #A0522D;"<!-- c. 1880 -->|{{flag|British Empire|1801}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 1880, see: <ref name="1880 to the Diamond Jubilee"/>|name="britain-1880"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|British Empire|1801}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 1990, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="britain-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid blue;"<!-- 1919 -->|{{flag|British Empire}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 1919, see: <ref name="Margaret MacMillan">
 
{{cite book | last = MacMillan | first = Margaret | authorlink = Margaret MacMillan | title = [[Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War|Paris 1919]] | publisher = Random House Trade | year = 2003 | location = United States of America | pages = 36, 306, 431 | isbn = 0-375-76052-0 }}</ref>|name="britain-1919"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- c. 1938 -->|{{flag|United Kingdom|1801}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 1938, see: <ref group="nb">After the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] came into effect in 1931, the United Kingdom no longer represented the British Empire in world affairs.</ref><ref name="The Economics of World War II"/>|name="britain-1938"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #22AA55;"<!-- 1946 -->|{{flag|United Kingdom|1801}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 1946, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="The Superpowers">''The Superpowers: The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union – Their Responsibility for Peace'' (1944), written by [[William Thornton Rickert Fox|William T.R. Fox]]</ref>|name="britain-1946"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|United Kingdom|1801}}{{#tag:ref|For the United Kingdom in 2000, see: <ref name="Canada Among Nations">{{cite book|title=Canada Among Nations, 2004: Setting Priorities Straight|date=17 January 2005|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=0773528369|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/?id=nTKBdY5HBeUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Canada+Among+Nations,+2004:+Setting+Priorities+Straight#v=onepage|accessdate=13 June 2016}} ("''The United States is the sole world's superpower. France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom are great powers''")</ref><ref name="Balance of Power"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="Milena Sterio">{{cite book|last1=Sterio|first1=Milena|title=The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=978-0415668187|page=xii (preface)|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-QuI6n_OVMYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Right+to+Self-determination+Under+International+Law:+%22selfistans%22,+Secession+and+the+Rule+of+the+Great+Powers#v=onepage|accessdate=13 June 2016}} ("''The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.''")</ref><ref name="Theo Farrell">{{cite book|title=Transforming Military Power since the Cold War: Britain, France, and the United States, 1991–2012|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1107471498|page=224|url=https://books.google.com/?id=canqAAAAQBAJ&dq=Transforming+Military+Power+since+the+Cold+War:+Britain,+France,+and+the+United+States,+1991%E2%80%932012|accessdate=13 June 2016}} (During the Kosovo War (1998) "''...Contact Group consisting of six great powers (the United states, Russia, France, Britain, Germany and Italy).''")</ref><ref name="David M. McCourt">{{cite book|last=McCourt|first=David|title=Britain and World Power Since 1945: Constructing a Nation's Role in International Politics|publisher=University of Michigan Press|date=28 May 2014|location=United States of America|pages=|isbn=978-0472072217|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lwpOnwEACAAJ&dq=Britain+and+World+Power+Since+1945:+Constructing+a+Nation%27s+Role+in+International+Politics}}</ref><ref name="Joshua Baron">{{cite book|last1=Baron|first1=Joshua|title=Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order|date=22 January 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=United States|isbn=978-1137299482}}</ref><ref name="chalmers">{{cite journal|last1=Chalmers|first1=Malcolm|title=A Force for Order: Strategic Underpinnings of the Next NSS and SDSR|journal=Royal United Services Institute|date=May 2015|volume=Briefing Paper|issue=SDSR 2015: Hard Choices Ahead|page=2|url=https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201505_bp_a_force_for_order.pdf|quote="While no longer a superpower (a position it lost in the 1940s), the UK remains much more than a 'middle power'."}}</ref><ref name=IISSUK>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=William|title=Trident's Replacement and the Survival of the United Kingdom|journal=International Institute for Strategic Studies, Global Politics and Strategy|date=22 September 2015|volume=57|issue=5|pages=7–28|url=http://www.iiss.org/en/publications/survival/sections/2015-1e95/survival--global-politics-and-strategy-october-november-2015-3ec2/57-5-02-walker-b122|accessdate=31 December 2015|quote="''Trident as a pillar of the transatlantic relationship and symbol of the UK's desire to remain a great power with global reach.''"}}</ref>|name="britain-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- CHINA -->
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1815 -->/<>Qing dynasty
 
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1878 -->china
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1900 -->china
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1919 -->china
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1934 -->china
 
| style="border:1px solid #22AA55;"<!-- 1946 -->{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=China}}{{#tag:ref|For China in 1946, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/>|name="china-1946"|group="nb"}} style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|China|1949}}{{#tag:ref|For China in 2000, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="Balance of Power"/><ref name="Joshua Baron"/><ref name="UW Press"/><ref>[http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/about/pdfs/china_views.pdf Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) "China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?" ''The Washington Quarterly'']{{dead link|date=July 2014}}</ref>|name="china-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- FRANCE -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #FF8C00;"<!-- 1815 -->|{{flag|Bourbon Restoration|name=France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 1815, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="World history, 1815-1920"/><ref name="When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers"/>|name="france-1815"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #A0522D;"<!-- c. 1880 -->|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 1880, see: <ref name="1880 to the Diamond Jubilee"/>|name="france-1880"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="france-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid blue;"<!-- 1919 -->|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 1919, see: <ref name="Margaret MacMillan"/>|name="france-1919"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- 1938 -->|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 1938, see: <ref name="The Economics of World War II"/>|name="france-1938"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #22AA55;"<!-- 1946 -->|{{flag|French Fourth Republic|name=France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 1946, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want">{{cite book | last = Louden
 
| first = Robert| title=The world we want| publisher=Oxford University Press US| year=2007| location=United States of America | pages = 187| isbn = 978-0195321371| url=https://books.google.com/?id=WuKmrwgrL9IC&pg=PA187}}</ref>|name="france-1946"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|France}}{{#tag:ref|For France in 2000, see: <ref name="Canada Among Nations"/><ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="Balance of Power"/><ref name="Milena Sterio"/><ref name="Theo Farrell"/><ref name="Joshua Baron"/>|name="france-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- PRUSSIA/GERMANY -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #FF8C00;"<!-- 1815 -->|{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia|name=Prussia}}{{#tag:ref|For Germany in 1815, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="World history, 1815-1920"/><ref name="When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers"/>|name="germany-1815"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #A0522D;"<!-- c. 1880 -->|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}{{#tag:ref|For Germany in 1880, see: <ref name="1880 to the Diamond Jubilee"/>|name="germany-1880"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}}{{#tag:ref|For Germany in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="germany-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1919 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- 1938 -->|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}{{#tag:ref|For Germany in 1938, see: <ref name="The Economics of World War II"/>|name="germany-1946"|group="nb"}}
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1946 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|Germany}}{{#tag:ref|For Germany in 2000, see: <ref name="Canada Among Nations"/><ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="Balance of Power"/><ref name="Milena Sterio"/><ref name="Theo Farrell"/><ref name="Joshua Baron"/>|name="germany-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- ITALY -->
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1815 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #A0522D;"<!-- c. 1880 -->|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}{{#tag:ref|For Italy in 1880, see: <ref>{{cite book | last = Kennedy| first = Paul| authorlink = Paul Kennedy| title= [[The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers]]| publisher= [[Random House]]| year= 1987| location= United States of America| page = 204| isbn = 0-394-54674-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1 = Best
 
| first1 = Antony| last2 = Hanhimäki| first2 = Jussi| last3 = Maiolo| first3 = Joseph| last4 = Schulze| first4 = Kirsten| title= International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond| publisher= [[Routledge]]| year= 2008| location= United States of America| page = 9| isbn = 978-0415438964}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Wight| first = Martin| authorlink = Martin Wight| title= Power Politics| publisher= [[Continuum International Publishing Group]]| year= 2002| location= United Kingdom| page = 46| isbn = 0826461743}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Waltz| first = Kenneth| authorlink = Kenneth Waltz| title= [[Theory of International Politics]]| publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]]| year= 1979| location= United States of America| page = 162| isbn = 0-07-554852-6}}</ref>|name="italy-1880"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}{{#tag:ref|For Italy in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="italy-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid blue;"<!-- 1919 -->|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}{{#tag:ref|For Italy in 1919, see: <ref name="Margaret MacMillan"/>|name="italy-1919"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- 1938 -->|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}{{#tag:ref|For Italy in 1938, see: <ref name="The Economics of World War II"/>|name="italy-1938"|group="nb"}}
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1946 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|Italy}}{{#tag:ref|For Italy in 2000, see: <ref name="Canada Among Nations"/><ref name="Milena Sterio"/><ref name="Theo Farrell"/><ref name="HCSS2014">{{cite book|title=Why are Pivot States so Pivotal? The Role of Pivot States in Regional and Global Security|date=2014|publisher=The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies|location=Netherlands|page=Table on page 10 (Great Power criteria)|url=http://www.hcss.nl/reports/download/150/2483/|accessdate=14 June 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011200310/http://www.hcss.nl/reports/download/150/2483/|archivedate=11 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150413191614/http://www.eurasia-rivista.org/italia-150-anos-de-uma-pequena-grande-potencia/7478/ Italy: 150 years of a small great power], eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers|title=''Clarifying the nation's role strengthens the impact of a National Security Strategy 2019''|last=Kuper|first= Stephen|language=en|quote=''Traditionally, great powers have been defined by their global reach and ability to direct the flow of international affairs. There are a number of recognised great powers within the context of contemporary international relations – with Great Britain, France, India and Russia recognised as nuclear capable great powers, while Germany, Italy and Japan are identified as conventional great powers''|access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref>|name="italy-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- JAPAN -->
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1815 -->
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1880 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}{{#tag:ref|For Japan in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="japan-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid blue;"<!-- 1919 -->|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}{{#tag:ref|For Japan in 1919, see: <ref name="Margaret MacMillan"/><ref group="nb">"The [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (during the [[Treaty of Versailles]]) said that there were 'only three major powers left in the world the United States, Britain and Japan' ... (but) The Great Powers could not be consistent. At the instance of Britain, Japan's ally, they gave Japan five delegates to the Peace Conference, just like themselves, but in the Supreme Council the Japanese were generally ignored or treated as something of a joke." from {{cite book | last=MacMillan | first=Margaret | authorlink=Margaret MacMillan | title=[[Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War|Paris 1919]] | publisher=Random House Trade | year=2003 | location=United States of America | page=306 | isbn=0-375-76052-0}}</ref>|name="japan-1919"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- 1938 -->|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}{{#tag:ref|For Japan in 1938, see: <ref name="The Economics of World War II">Harrison, M (2000) ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=ZgFu2p5uogwC&dq=great+powers&printsec=frontcover&source=bn#PPA1,M1 The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison]'', Cambridge University Press.</ref>|name="japan-1938"|group="nb"}}
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1946 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|Japan}}{{#tag:ref|For Japan in 2000, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="Balance of Power">{{cite book |author1=T. V. Paul |author2=James J. Wirtz |author3=Michel Fortmann | title=Balance of Power| publisher=State University of New York Press, 2005| year=2005| location=United States of America | pages = 59, 282 | isbn = 0791464016| url=http://www.google.com/books?id=9jy28vBqscQC&pg=PA59}} ''Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States'' p.59</ref><ref name="UW Press"/><ref name="Asias overlooked Great Power">Richard N. Haass, "[http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/haass17 Asia's overlooked Great Power]", ''Project Syndicate'' April 20, 2007.</ref><ref name="Milena Sterio"/><ref name="Joshua Baron"/>|name="japan-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- RUSSIA -->
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
| style="border:1px solid #FF8C00;"<!-- 1815 -->|{{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}{{#tag:ref|For Russia in 1815, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="World history, 1815-1920"/><ref name="When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers"/>|name="russia-1815"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #A0522D;"<!-- c. 1880 -->|{{flag|Russian Empire|1858|name=Russia}}{{#tag:ref|For Russia in 1880, see: <ref name="1880 to the Diamond Jubilee"/>|name="russia-1880"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}{{#tag:ref|For Russia in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="russia-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1919 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- 1938 -->|{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}{{#tag:ref|For Russia in 1938, see: <ref name="The Economics of World War II"/>|name="russia-1938"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #22AA55;"<!-- 1946 -->|{{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}{{#tag:ref|For Russia in 1946, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="The Superpowers"/>|name="russia-1946"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|Russia}}{{#tag:ref|For Russia in 2000, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="Balance of Power"/><ref name="UW Press"> [http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/EBEKOR.html UW Press: Korea's Future and the Great Powers]</ref><ref name="Milena Sterio"/><ref name="Theo Farrell"/><ref name="Joshua Baron"/>|name="russia-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
 
<!-- UNITED STATES -->
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- 1815 -->
 
| rowspan="1"|<!-- c. 1880 -->
 
| style="border:1px solid #DAA520;"<!-- c. 1900 -->|{{flag|United States|1896}}{{#tag:ref|For the United States in 1900, see: <ref name="The Rise of Russia in Asia"/>|name="usa-1900"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid blue;"<!-- 1919 -->|{{flag|United States|1912}}{{#tag:ref|For the United States in 1919, see: <ref name="Margaret MacMillan"/>|name="usa-1919"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid red;"<!-- 1938 -->|{{flag|United States|1912}}{{#tag:ref|For the United States in 1938, see: <ref name="The Economics of World War II"/>|name="usa-1938"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #22AA55;"<!-- 1946 -->|{{flag|United States|1912}}{{#tag:ref|For the United States in 1946, see: <ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="The Superpowers"/>|name="usa-1946"|group="nb"}}
 
| style="border:1px solid #8A2BE2;"<!-- c. 2000 -->|{{flag|United States|1960}}{{#tag:ref|For the United States in 2000, see: <ref name="Canada Among Nations"/><ref name="Encarta"/><ref name="The world we want"/><ref name="Balance of Power"/><ref name="Paper for presentation at the biennial meetings of the South African Political Studies Association Saldanha, Western Cape 29 June-2 July 1999">{{cite web|url=http://post.queensu.ca/~nossalk/papers/hyperpower.htm|title=Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era|accessdate=2007-02-28}}</ref><ref name="Milena Sterio"/><ref name="Theo Farrell"/><ref name="Joshua Baron"/>|name="usa-2000"|group="nb"}}
 
|- style="text-align:left;"
 
|}<noinclude>
 
{{{headerextension|}}}{{{header|==Notes included with template==}}}{{{headerextension|}}}
 
<references group="nb"/>
 
{{{headerextension|}}}{{{header|==References included with template==}}}{{{headerextension|}}}
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Templates that generate named references]]
 
</noinclude>
 

Revision as of 14:11, 26 September 2020