Difference between revisions of "Template:Cite web/doc"

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==Usage==
 
==Usage==
 
 
'''''Note''''': None of the parameters should be capitalised, to avoid the article being tagged as having a broken citation. For example, use "url", "title", etc.—not "URL", "Title", etc.
 
'''''Note''''': None of the parameters should be capitalised, to avoid the article being tagged as having a broken citation. For example, use "url", "title", etc.—not "URL", "Title", etc.
  
 
===Common forms with authors in any format===
 
===Common forms with authors in any format===
 
 
Citations within a page should use consistent formats. However, there is no consensus about which format is best. The following examples are for citations where one or more authors are listed in a single {{para|author|<var>authors</var>}} parameter, using any format. Also shown below are two separate date formats that are commonly used in Wikipedia:
 
Citations within a page should use consistent formats. However, there is no consensus about which format is best. The following examples are for citations where one or more authors are listed in a single {{para|author|<var>authors</var>}} parameter, using any format. Also shown below are two separate date formats that are commonly used in Wikipedia:
  
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===Common forms with last1, first1; last2, first2===
 
===Common forms with last1, first1; last2, first2===
 
 
The examples hereafter will suffice for up to two authors each with first and last names; for more, just create more parameters in a similar style:
 
The examples hereafter will suffice for up to two authors each with first and last names; for more, just create more parameters in a similar style:
  
Line 24: Line 21:
  
 
===All parameters===
 
===All parameters===
 
 
When copying all parameters in either the vertical or horizontal layouts, delete those which are not needed.
 
When copying all parameters in either the vertical or horizontal layouts, delete those which are not needed.
  
Line 32: Line 28:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
{{cite web
 
{{cite web
  | url =  
+
  | url =
  | title =  
+
  | title =
  | first =  
+
  | first =
  | last =  
+
  | last =
  | author =  
+
  | author =
  | authorlink =  
+
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =  
+
  | coauthors =
  | date =  
+
  | date =
  | month =  
+
  | month =
  | year =  
+
  | year =
  | work =  
+
  | work =
  | publisher =  
+
  | publisher =
  | location =  
+
  | location =
  | page =  
+
  | page =
  | pages =  
+
  | pages =
  | at =  
+
  | at =
  | language =  
+
  | language =
  | trans_title =  
+
  | trans_title =
  | format =  
+
  | format =
  | arxiv =  
+
  | arxiv =
  | asin =  
+
  | asin =
  | bibcode =  
+
  | bibcode =
  | doi =  
+
  | doi =
  | doibroken =  
+
  | doibroken =
  | isbn =  
+
  | isbn =
  | issn =  
+
  | issn =
  | jfm =  
+
  | jfm =
  | jstor =  
+
  | jstor =
  | lccn =  
+
  | lccn =
  | mr =  
+
  | mr =
  | oclc =  
+
  | oclc =
  | ol =  
+
  | ol =
  | osti =  
+
  | osti =
  | pmc =  
+
  | pmc =
  | pmid =  
+
  | pmid =
  | rfc =  
+
  | rfc =
  | ssrn =  
+
  | ssrn =
  | zbl =  
+
  | zbl =
  | id =  
+
  | id =
  | archiveurl =  
+
  | archiveurl =
  | archivedate =  
+
  | archivedate =
  | deadurl =  
+
  | deadurl =
  | accessdate =  
+
  | accessdate =
  | quote =  
+
  | quote =
  | ref =  
+
  | ref =
  | separator =  
+
  | separator =
  | postscript =  
+
  | postscript =
 
}}
 
}}
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
====Required parameters====
 
 
*'''title''': Title of source; displays in quotes.  Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are replaced or encoded.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! newline !! [ !! ] !! &#124;
 
|-
 
| space || &amp;#91; || &amp;#93; || &amp;#124;
 
|}
 
 
====Optional parameters====
 
 
*'''url''': URL of source; must begin with a supported [[URI scheme]]: <code>http://</code> and <code>https://</code>will be supported by all browsers; <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>ftp://</code>, <code>news://</code>, <code>mailto:</code> and <code>gopher://</code> will require a plugin or an external application.
 
 
:The MediaWiki software does not yet support IPv6 host-names. (See [[bugzilla:21261|bug 21261]].)
 
:URLs containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by <code>%20</code>.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! sp !! " !! , !! ' !! ; !! < !! > !! ? !! [ !! ]
 
|-
 
| %20 || %22 || %2c || %3a || %3b || %3c || %3e || %3f || %5b || %5d
 
|}
 
::{{small|Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup}}
 
 
:The link button [[File:Vector toolbar insert link button.png]] on the enhanced editing toolbar will encode a link.
 
 
*'''last''': Surname of author. Do not wikilink (use ''authorlink'' instead).
 
**'''first''': Given or first name(s) of author, including title(s) (e.g. ''Firstname Middlename'' or ''Firstname M.'' or ''Dr. Firstname M., Snr.''). Do not wikilink (use ''authorlink'' instead).
 
***The 'last' and 'first' parameters are not ideally suited to authors whose surname is usually written first (e.g. as in Chinese). Use the same format as the source uses to handle these cases.
 
**{{AuthorMask doc}} See [[#Examples|Examples]] for typical usage.
 
**'''authorlink''': Title of Wikipedia article about author (not the author's personal website). Article should already exist. Must not be wikilinked itself. Do not use this on its own, but along with ''author'' or ''first'' and ''last''.
 
**'''coauthors''': Full name of additional author or authors, separated by ", " (e.g. ''Joe Bloggs, John F. Kennedy, H. R. Dent'').
 
***Whether the surname of the co-authors goes first or last is dependent on the citation style (see the [[#Citation_styles|citation style]] section below) preferred.
 
*OR: '''author''': Full name of author, preferably surname first. (deprecated) Do not wikilink (use ''authorlink'' instead).
 
*OR: for multiple authors, use the parameters '''first1''', '''last1''', ..., '''first''n'', last''n''''' to 'correctly' record all the information about the book (the first nine authors are printed, then ''et al.'' is appended if even more authors were specified). Do not wikilink as there are corresponding '''authorlink1''', ..., '''authorlink9''' parameters as well. This usage is preferred to the use of '''coauthors'''.
 
*'''editor''': Name of editor/editors. Do not Wikilink any values in the editor parameter but use ''editor-link'' instead. The template automatically displays "in" before the editor's name and "ed." after. This implies that the author is responsible only for part of the work and the editor responsible for the whole work. If, however, the author(s) and editor(s) are responsible for the whole work, then the ''editor'' parameter or its alternates described below should not be used. Instead, the editor(s) should be included in an ''author'' parameter with possibly "(ed.)" after the surname(s).
 
*OR: alternatively '''editor-first''' and '''editor-last''' can be used in the same way as ''first'' and ''last''.
 
*OR: for multiple editors up to four in number, use the parameters '''editor1-first''', '''editor1-last''', ..., '''editor''n''-first, editor''n''-last''' to 'correctly' record all the information about the book in the same way as ''first''n and ''last''n.
 
**'''editor-link''' or '''editor1-link'''... '''editor''n''-link''' is used in the same way as ''authorlink'' or ''authorlink''n.
 
*'''others''': To record other contributors to the work, such as "Illustrated by Smith" or "Trans. Smith".
 
*a date parameter
 
**''either'' '''date''': Full date of publication. Should not be wikilinked.
 
**''or'' '''year''' and '''month''': Year of publication, and Name of the month of publication. If you also have the day, use '''date''' instead. Should not be wikilinked.
 
*'''format''': Format, e.g. PDF. HTML implied if not specified.
 
*'''work''': In most cases this is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site), otherwise the site's domain name. If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, such as a book, periodical or organizational sub-site (e.g., the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than that of the entire site. Do not italicize; the software will do so automatically.
 
*'''publisher''': The name of the entity that publishes (owns or controls) the website. Commonly, this is a government agency, educational institution, or business. For many websites, the author and publisher are the same, and only one needs to be included in the citation; prefer publisher for organizations, author (or first/last) for individuals. Please note that {{em|publisher is not the name of the website}}; that is the '''work''', except in cases where the business name is identical to the site name. For example, the corporation [[Walmart]] is the publisher of the website at walmart.com, which is the work; [[Amazon.com]] is the publisher of the website at amazon.com, which need not be specified as the work, as this would be redundant. For republished works, generally use the original publisher information (including location, date, etc., and it is often more appropriate to use {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite news}}, etc. with a {{para|url}} parameter instead of {{tnull|cite web}}).
 
**'''location''': Geographical location of the publisher (or headquarters thereof).
 
*a page parameter
 
**''either'' '''page''': Page number if a multi-page web article and referencing a single page. "page=5" produces ''p. 5.''
 
**''or'' '''pages''': Page numbers if a multi-page web article and referencing more than one page. "pages=5–7" produces ''pp. 5–7''. This is for listing the pages relevant to the citation, not a total number of pages.
 
**''or'' '''at''': Position within the resource when {{para|page}}/{{para|pages}} is inappropriate, e.g. {{para|at|para. 14}} (when citing a source without page numbers) or {{para|at|no. 456}} (something in a numbered list). This parameter is ignored if {{para|page}}/{{para|pages}} is specified.
 
*'''language''': language of publication (do not specify "English" as this is the default).
 
**'''trans_title''': A translated title of the article, in case the original title is in a foreign language. Would normally be used in conjunction with the ''language'' parameter.
 
*'''edition''': When the work has more than one edition. E.g.: "2nd", "Revised" etc. Note that the template automatically displays " ed." after this parameter, so {{para|edition|2nd}} produces "2nd ed.".
 
*'''arxiv''': [[ArXiv]]
 
*'''asin''': The [[Amazon Standard Identification Number]] used for the main web site.
 
*'''bibcode''': The document's [[bibcode]] in the [[Astrophysics Data System]], e.g., ''1924MNRAS..84..308E''.
 
*'''doi''':A [[digital object identifier]] for the document, such as ''<nowiki>10.1038/news070508-7</nowiki>''
 
**'''Doilabel''': If the doi contains some characters that must be [[Percent-encoding|escaped]], use "doilabel" for the unescaped version. See {{tl|doi}}: "id" is equivalent to "doi" and "label" is "doilabel".
 
**'''doibroken''': The date that a digital object identifier link was found to be broken.
 
*'''isbn''': [[International Standard Book Number]] such as ''1-111-22222-9''.  Note that {{para|isbn}}, like all field names, must be in lowercase. The field must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link. The template is insensitive to formatting so an ISBN number without dashes ("-") may be used (e.g. {{para|isbn|1111222229}}), though ISBNs with correctly formatted dashes are preferred (see [[Wikipedia:ISBN]] and [[ISBN#Overview|ISBN]]). Please use the 13-digit ISBN where possible; this can normally be found beneath the barcode as a number beginning 978 or 979. For books with the older SBN system (9 digits), use this field but prefix the number with a zero; thus ''SBN 902888-45-5'' should be entered as {{para|isbn|0-902888-45-5}}. More information about this feature and its advantages is available at [[Wikipedia:ISBN]].
 
*'''issn''': The publication's [[International Standard Serial Number]] such as ''1111-2220''. The eight-figure ISSN may be split into two groups of four using a [[hyphen]]; but not an [[Dash#En dash|N-dash]] or a space. <!-- space separates URL from linkable text; n-dash is not recognised by WorldCat -->
 
*'''jfm''': [[Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik]]
 
*'''jstor''': Makes a link to a [[JSTOR]] article or journal determined by a given parameter. The main purpose is to use as part of an <code>id</code> option in a {{tl|cite journal}} reference.
 
*'''lccn''': [[Library of Congress Control Number]].
 
*'''mr''': [[Mathematical Reviews]].
 
*'''oclc''': [[Online Computer Library Center]] ID number, such as ''3185581''. The field must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
 
*'''ol''': [[Open Library]]
 
*'''osti''': [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]].
 
*'''pmc''': The document's [[PubMed Central]] article number (PMCID) for full-text free repository of an article, such as  ''246835''
 
*'''pmid''': The document's [[PMID|PubMed Unique Identifier]], such as ''15128012''
 
*'''rfc''': [[Request for Comments]].
 
*'''ssrn''': [[Social Science Research Network]].
 
*'''zbl''': [[Zentralblatt MATH]].
 
*'''id''': A [[unique identifier]], used if none of the preceding are applicable. In this case, you need to specify the kind of identifier you are using.
 
*archive parameters ''(if either '''archiveurl''' or '''archivedate''' is used, both parameters must be used together)''
 
**'''archiveurl''': The URL of an [[Web archiving|archived]] copy of the page, if (or in case) the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like [[WebCite]] and [[Internet Archive|the Internet Archive]].
 
**'''archivedate''': Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked.
 
**'''deadurl''': Should be set to "yes"/"no" to indicate if the original link is [[WP:LINKROT|dead]] or live. Setting {{para|deadurl|no}} will change the main link to the original url.
 
*'''accessdate''': Full date when item was accessed. Should not be wikilinked. This should be given if the publication date is unknown; see ''[[WP:CITEHOW|Citation styles]]''.
 
*'''quote''': Relevant quote from online item.
 
*'''ref''': ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value {{para|ref|<var>ID</var>}} generates an anchor with the given <code><var>ID</var></code>; such a linkable reference can be made the target of [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilinks to full references]], especially useful in short citations like [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes|shortened notes]] and [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]]. The special value {{para|ref|harv}} generates an anchor suitable for the {{tl|harv}} template; see ''[[Template:Citation/doc#Anchors for Harvard referencing templates|anchors for Harvard referencing templates]]''.
 
*'''separator''': The separator to use in lists of authors, editors, ''etc.'' Defaults to ".", but "," may be useful also. If the field is present, but blank, ''no separator will be used''.
 
*'''postscript''': The closing punctuation for the citation. If specified, over-rides the default behaviour of terminating the citation with a full stop. If the field is present, but blank, ''no terminating punctuation will be used''. This may be useful when generating an output consistent with other templates. It is preferred to manually adding ending punctuation, as the punctuation occurs within the &lt;cite&gt; tag, so will appear before any icons added by browser plugins. Ignored if {{para|quote}} is specified.
 
 
====Duplicate periods====
 
 
By default, {{Tl|cite web}} separates some fields with periods, so do not encode those fields ending with a period or a duplicate period will be added. Example: "publisher=Camelot, Inc" will correctly show as <code>Camelot, Inc.</code> but "publisher=Camelot, Inc." will incorrectly show as <code>Camelot, Inc..</code>
 
  
 
==Examples==
 
==Examples==
  
;Some standard use cases
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules
 
|url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules
 
|title=Digest of Rules
 
|title=Digest of Rules
 
|publisher=National Football League
 
|publisher=National Football League
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
}}</nowiki></code><br/>→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
+
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules
 
|url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules
 
|title=Digest of Rules
 
|title=Digest of Rules
 
|publisher=National Football League
 
|publisher=National Football League
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
 
;Using format
 
;Using format
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
 
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
 
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
 
|format=PDF
 
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
Line 266: Line 169:
 
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
 
|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board
 
|format=PDF
 
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
 
;Foreign language and translated title
 
;Foreign language and translated title
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Honni soit qui mal y pense
 
|title=Honni soit qui mal y pense
 
|author=Joliet, François
 
|author=Joliet, François
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
|language=French
 
|language=French
 
|trans_title=Shame on those who think evil
 
|trans_title=Shame on those who think evil
Line 282: Line 185:
 
|title=Honni soit qui mal y pense
 
|title=Honni soit qui mal y pense
 
|author=Joliet, François
 
|author=Joliet, François
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
|language=French
 
|language=French
|trans_title=Shamed be he who thinks evil of it  
+
|trans_title=Shamed be he who thinks evil of it
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
;Using authorlink  
+
;Using authorlink
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|authorlink=John Doe
 
|authorlink=John Doe
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
+
|title=My Favorite Things, Part II
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|author=Doe, John
 
|authorlink=John Doe
 
|authorlink=John Doe
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
 
;Using coauthors
 
;Using coauthors
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Our Favorite Things
 
|title=Our Favorite Things
Line 317: Line 220:
 
|coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim
 
|coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
+
|accessdate=16 May 2006
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
Line 327: Line 230:
 
|coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim
 
|coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
+
|accessdate=16 May 2006
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Our Favorite Things
 
|title=Our Favorite Things
Line 339: Line 241:
 
|coauthors=Peter Smith; Jim Smythe
 
|coauthors=Peter Smith; Jim Smythe
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
+
|accessdate=16 May 2006
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
Line 349: Line 251:
 
|coauthors=Peter Smith; Jim Smythe
 
|coauthors=Peter Smith; Jim Smythe
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
+
|accessdate=16 May 2006
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
 
;No author
 
;No author
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
+
|accessdate=16 May 2006
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
 
|publisher=Open Publishing
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=16 May 2006
+
|accessdate=16 May 2006
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
 
;No author, no publisher
 
;No author, no publisher
 
This abbreviated format should only be used when the editor cannot determine the publisher and author.
 
This abbreviated format should only be used when the editor cannot determine the publisher and author.
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
 
|work=Encyclopedia of Things
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|url=http://www.example.org/
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
 
|title=Index of Sharp Things
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}</span>
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|format=PDF
 
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
|language=Greek
 
|language=Greek
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|format=PDF
 
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
|language=Greek
 
|language=Greek
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
 
;Using "archiveurl" and "archivedate" (and optionally "deadurl") for webpages that have been archived
 
;Using "archiveurl" and "archivedate" (and optionally "deadurl") for webpages that have been archived
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|format=PDF
 
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
|archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|archivedate=11 September 2005
+
|archivedate=11 September 2005
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
 
|title=List of psychotropic substances under international control
|date=30 April 2005
+
|date=30 April 2005
 
|format=PDF
 
|format=PDF
|accessdate=6 July 2005
+
|accessdate=6 July 2005
 
|archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
 
|archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf
|archivedate=11 September 2005
+
|archivedate=11 September 2005
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
 
|url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm
 
|url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm
 
|title=Interview with Maggie Downs
 
|title=Interview with Maggie Downs
|date=31 March 2006
+
|date=31 March 2006
 
|publisher=The Desert Sun
 
|publisher=The Desert Sun
 
|archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm
 
|archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm
|archivedate=26 April 2006
+
|archivedate=26 April 2006
 
|deadurl=yes
 
|deadurl=yes
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
|url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm
 
|url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm
 
|title=Interview with Maggie Downs
 
|title=Interview with Maggie Downs
|date=31 March 2006
+
|date=31 March 2006
 
|publisher=The Desert Sun
 
|publisher=The Desert Sun
 
|archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm
 
|archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm
|archivedate=26 April 2006
+
|archivedate=26 April 2006
 
|deadurl=yes
 
|deadurl=yes
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
 
+
* <code><nowiki>{{Cite web
*<code><nowiki>{{Cite web
 
 
|url = http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html
 
|url = http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html
 
|title = London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)
 
|title = London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)
 
|publisher=The Weather Underground, Inc.
 
|publisher=The Weather Underground, Inc.
|accessdate =6 June 2008
+
|accessdate =6 June 2008
 
|format = online
 
|format = online
 
|ref = harv
 
|ref = harv
| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate = 19 May 2011| deadurl=no
+
| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate = 19 May 2011| deadurl=no
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{Cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br /> → <span style="background:white">{{Cite web
 
|url = http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html
 
|url = http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html
 
|title = London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)
 
|title = London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)
 
|publisher=The Weather Underground, Inc.
 
|publisher=The Weather Underground, Inc.
|accessdate =6 June 2008
+
|accessdate =6 June 2008
 
|format = online
 
|format = online
 
|ref = harv
 
|ref = harv
| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate = 19 May 2011| deadurl=no}}</span>
+
| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate = 19 May 2011| deadurl=no}}</span>
  
 
;Using "quote"
 
;Using "quote"
*<code><nowiki>{{cite web
+
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html
 
|url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html
 
|title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea
 
|title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea
 
|work=WebExhibits
 
|work=WebExhibits
 
|year=2008
 
|year=2008
|accessdate=27 September 2009
+
|accessdate=27 September 2009
 
|quote=...&amp;nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&amp;nbsp;...'
 
|quote=...&amp;nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&amp;nbsp;...'
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
 
}}</nowiki></code><br />→ <span style="background:white">{{cite web
Line 479: Line 377:
 
|work=WebExhibits
 
|work=WebExhibits
 
|year=2008
 
|year=2008
|accessdate=27 September 2009
+
|accessdate=27 September 2009
 
|quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'
 
|quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'
 
}}</span>
 
}}</span>
  
==See also==
+
==Parameters==
* {{tl|Citation}}
+
===Syntax===
* {{tl|Cite book}}
+
{{csdoc|syntax}}
* {{tl|Cite journal}}
+
 
* {{tl|Cite news}}
+
{{csdoc|coins}}
* {{tl|Cite video}}
+
 
* [[User:Citation bot|Citation bot]]
+
{{csdoc|sep_period}}
* [[Wikipedia:Citation templates|Citation templates]]
+
 
* [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]]
+
===Description===
* [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/example style|Citing sources/example style]]
+
{{csdoc|title_quotes}}
* [[WP:DOI|Digital Object Identifier]]
+
:Required: An error will show if not defined.
* [[Zotero]]
+
{{csdoc|url}}
 +
* '''work''': In most cases this is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site), otherwise the site's domain name. If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, such as a book, periodical or organizational sub-site (e.g., the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than that of the entire site. Do not italicize; the software will do so automatically.
 +
{{csdoc|author}}
 +
{{csdoc|editor}}
 +
{{csdoc|others}}
 +
{{csdoc|date}}
 +
{{csdoc|language}}
 +
{{csdoc|series}}
 +
{{csdoc|publisher}}
 +
{{csdoc|id1}}
 +
{{csdoc|id2}}
 +
{{csdoc|pages}}
 +
{{csdoc|quote}}
 +
{{csdoc|ref}}
 +
{{csdoc|display}}
  
 +
{{Citation Style 1}}
 +
{{Wikipedia referencing}}
 +
{{UF-COinS}}
 
<includeonly>
 
<includeonly>
  

Revision as of 23:29, 15 February 2012


This template is used to cite online sources in Wikipedia articles. {{Cite news}} can also be used when citing a news source; for general information about citations in Wikipedia articles, see Wikipedia:Cite sources. A general discussion of the use of templates for adding citations to Wikipedia articles is available at Wikipedia:Citation templates.

Usage

Note: None of the parameters should be capitalised, to avoid the article being tagged as having a broken citation. For example, use "url", "title", etc.—not "URL", "Title", etc.

Common forms with authors in any format

Citations within a page should use consistent formats. However, there is no consensus about which format is best. The following examples are for citations where one or more authors are listed in a single |author=authors parameter, using any format. Also shown below are two separate date formats that are commonly used in Wikipedia:

Day Month Year
{{cite web |url= |title= |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=22 January 2026}}
Month Day, Year
{{cite web |url= |title= |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 22, 2026}}

Common forms with last1, first1; last2, first2

The examples hereafter will suffice for up to two authors each with first and last names; for more, just create more parameters in a similar style:

Day Month Year
{{cite web |url= |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=22 January 2026}}
Month Day, Year
{{cite web |url= |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 22, 2026}}

All parameters

When copying all parameters in either the vertical or horizontal layouts, delete those which are not needed.

All parameters, horizontal layout
{{cite web |url= |title= |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |month= |year= |work= |publisher= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate= |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}
All parameters, vertical layout
{{cite web
 | url =
 | title =
 | first =
 | last =
 | author =
 | authorlink =
 | coauthors =
 | date =
 | month =
 | year =
 | work =
 | publisher =
 | location =
 | page =
 | pages =
 | at =
 | language =
 | trans_title =
 | format =
 | arxiv =
 | asin =
 | bibcode =
 | doi =
 | doibroken =
 | isbn =
 | issn =
 | jfm =
 | jstor =
 | lccn =
 | mr =
 | oclc =
 | ol =
 | osti =
 | pmc =
 | pmid =
 | rfc =
 | ssrn =
 | zbl =
 | id =
 | archiveurl =
 | archivedate =
 | deadurl =
 | accessdate =
 | quote =
 | ref =
 | separator =
 | postscript =
}}

Examples

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |author=Doe, John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |author=Doe, John |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |author=Doe, John |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |author=Doe, John |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/rulebook/digestofrules |title=Digest of Rules |publisher=National Football League |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    "Digest of Rules". National Football League. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
Using format
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |format=PDF |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
Foreign language and translated title
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Honni soit qui mal y pense |author=Joliet, François |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=6 July 2005 |language=French |trans_title=Shame on those who think evil }}
    Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honni soit qui mal y pense" (in French). Retrieved 6 July 2005. Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
Using authorlink
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |author=Doe, John |authorlink=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=6 July 2005 }}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
Using coauthors
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favorite Things |first=John |last=Doe |coauthors=Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=16 May 2006 }}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005). "Our Favorite Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 16 May 2006. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favorite Things |first=John |last=Doe |coauthors=Peter Smith; Jim Smythe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=16 May 2006 }}
    Doe, John (30 April 2005). "Our Favorite Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 16 May 2006. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
No author
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=16 May 2006 }}
    "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 16 May 2006.
No author, no publisher

This abbreviated format should only be used when the editor cannot determine the publisher and author.

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |work=Encyclopedia of Things |accessdate=6 July 2005}}
    "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=6 July 2005}}
    "Index of Sharp Things". 30 April 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=30 April 2005 |format=PDF |accessdate=6 July 2005 |language=Greek }}
    "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Greek). 30 April 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
Using "archiveurl" and "archivedate" (and optionally "deadurl") for webpages that have been archived
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=30 April 2005 |format=PDF |accessdate=6 July 2005 |archiveurl=http://www.archive.org/2005-09-11/www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archivedate=11 September 2005 }}
    "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). 30 April 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • {{cite web |url=http://joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi?archive=currnews&story=20060405-01shore.htm |title=Interview with Maggie Downs |date=31 March 2006 |publisher=The Desert Sun |archiveurl=http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:JAxf4v-pQmgJ:joanjettbadrep.com/cgi-bin/fullStory.cgi%3Farchive%3Dcurrnews%26story%3D20060405-01shore.htm |archivedate=26 April 2006 |deadurl=yes }}
    "Interview with Maggie Downs". The Desert Sun. 31 March 2006. Archived from the original on 26 April 2006. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • {{Cite web |url = http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title = London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground, Inc. |accessdate =6 June 2008 |format = online |ref = harv | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate = 19 May 2011| deadurl=no }}
    "London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground, Inc. Archived from the original (online) on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2008. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Using "quote"
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |work=WebExhibits |year=2008 |accessdate=27 September 2009 |quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...' }}
    "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2009. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...'

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
    • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
    • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

If non-hyphenated aliases of parameters with hyphens are defined, they exist only for legacy support (and are subject to become unsupported in the future); therefore, to streamline the appearance and improve consistency, select the hyphenated variant when adding parameters to a citation template and also consider switching already present non-hyphenated parameters to their hyphenated equivalents at the same time.

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

  • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
  • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
  • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=, |booktitle=
  • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=, |publicationplace=
  • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=, |publicationdate=
  • |series=, |version=
  • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
  • |page=, |pages=, |at=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=, |institution=
  • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=, |chapterurl=, |contributionurl=, |sectionurl=
  • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
  • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

Description

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ] |
space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}}see also Script error: No such module "Section link".
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias: titlelink.
Required: An error will show if not defined.
  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1] Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and archive.is (see Wikipedia:Using archive.is); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
      • url-status: this optional parameter is ignored if archive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
      • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=
    • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
  • format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp " ' < > [ ] { | }
%20 %22 %27 %3c %3e %5b %5d %7b %7c %7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. 1.0 1.1 Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.
  • work: In most cases this is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site), otherwise the site's domain name. If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, such as a book, periodical or organizational sub-site (e.g., the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than that of the entire site. Do not italicize; the software will do so automatically.
  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. Alias: name-list-format (deprecated)
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
  • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
    • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
    • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
    • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
    • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
    • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. Alias: name-list-format (deprecated)
  • veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
  • editors (deprecated): free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged; not an alias of editor-last
  • Display:
    Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
    If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
    If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

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  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.. For acceptable date formats, see Script error: No such module "Section link"..
For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
    1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year, origyear
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.
  • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru;, |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang
  • series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
  • place: For news stories with a dateline, that is, the location where the story was written. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
  • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date (or year) are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
  • via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.
  • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

  • arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
  • asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: au, br, ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it, mx. Aliases: none.
  • bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
  • biorxiv: bioRxiv id, a 6-digit number at the end of the biorXiv URL (e.g. 078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733). Aliases: none.
  • citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
  • doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
    • doi-broken: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: doi-broken-date, doi-inactive-date.
  • eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
  • isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and Script error: No such module "Section link"..) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
  • issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
  • jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
  • lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
  • mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
  • oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
  • ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
  • osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
  • pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.. Aliases: PMC.
    • embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
  • pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID.
  • rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
  • sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
  • s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
  • zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
  • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
    Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
    • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
  • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
    Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
  • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.
  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
    • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
  • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page= or |pages=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
  • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by colon pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes. Alias: none.
  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; |ref=harv may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Script error: No such module "Section link"..
  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
  • author-mask:
  • contributor-mask:
  • editor-mask:
  • interviewer-mask:
  • subject-mask:
  • translator-mask:
    Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
  • display-authors:
  • display-contributors:
  • display-editors:
  • display-interviewers:
  • display-subjects:
  • display-translators:
    Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors (deprecated).
  • last-author-amp (deprecated; use name-list-style): Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to y, yes, or true. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.