Difference between revisions of "Template:Biography"

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   <!-- The Infobox_Biography entries are examples only-->
 
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{{Infobox Person
 
{{Infobox Person
| name  = John Steuart Curry
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| name  = Socrates(example)
| image    =  
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| image    = socrates.png
| image_size    =
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| image_size    = 180px
| caption  =  
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| caption  = The Ancient Greek philosopher
| birth_date  = [[November 14, 1897]]
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| birth_date  = [[470 BC]]
| birth_place = [[Dunavaunt, Kansas]]
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| birth_place =  
| death_date  = [[1946]]
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| death_date  = [[399 BC]]
 
| death_place =  
 
| death_place =  
| occupation    = [[Artist]]
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| occupation    = [[Philosopher]]
| spouse        = [[Clara Derrick/Kathleen Gould]]
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| spouse        = [[Xanthippe]]
| parents        =[[Smith and Margaret Steuart]]
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| parents        =
 
| children      =
 
| children      =
 
}}
 
}}
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==Biography==
 
==Biography==
John Steuart Curry was born on a farm in Dunavaunt, Kansas November 14, 1897. Curry was the eldest of five children to parents Smith and Margaret Steuart. Despite growing up on a Midwestern farm, both of Curry’s parents were college educated and had even visited Europe for their honeymoon. Curry’s early life consisted of caring for the animals on the farm, attending the near by high school and excelling in athletics. His childhood home was filled with many reproductions of Peter Paul Rubens, and Gustav Doré, these artist’s styles played a significant role in crafting John Curry’s own style. His family was very religious as were most people in Dunavaunt. At the age of twelve Curry had his first art lesson. He was encouraged to paint animals around the farm. In 1916 John entered the Kansas City Art Institute, but after only a month there he transferred to the Art Institute in Chicago, which he stayed at for two years. But by 1918 he attended Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. After he graduated Curry received a job as an illustrator from 1921-1926.  He worked for many magazines including: Boy’s Life, St. Nicholas, County Gentleman, The Saturday Evening Post, and others.<ref name="Mongerson Wunderlich"> Wunderlich,Mongerson. ''John Steuart Curry: Rural America''. New York: ACA Galleries, 1991 </ref> Later Curry spent a year in Paris studying the works of Gustave Corbet, and Honore Daumier as well as the color techniques of Titian and Rubens. After his return to the United States he settled in New York City and married Clara Derrick, shortly thereafter they moved to Westport, Connecticut in 1924. Clara died in June of 1932 and for the next two years Curry devoted his time to working in his studio. He traveled with the Ringling Brothers Circus and during his time with them created his painting The Flying Cadonas. He remarried in 1934 to Kathleen Gould. The Federal Art Project was instituted in 1934 as a part way to give work to artists and combat the effects of the Depression. A couple years later in 1936. Curry was appointed as the first artist in residence at the Agricultural College of the University of Wisconsin. He was free to come and go as he pleased and to talk to students or travel throughout the state. This same year he was commissioned to paint a mural for the department of the Justice Building in Washington D.C. and for the Department of the Interior.<ref name="James M. Dennis"> Dennis, James M. ''Renegade Regionalists: The Modern Independence of Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry''. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. </ref>  He was also commissioned by his home state of Kansas to paint a mural for the State Capitol at Topeka. Curry continued to work until he died of a heart attack at the age of 49 in 1946.
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Ensure that the following sections are organized by year. For instance, the section ''Marriage and children'' might be presented before or after the ''Expanded descriptions'', and [[vice versa]].
===Regionalism===
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===Early life===
Curry was an American Painter whose career spanned form 1924-1946; he was noted for his paintings depicting life in his home state, Kansas. Curry was part of the Midwestern Triumvirate of American regionalism  which included Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood; these men were hailed as the three great painters of American Regionalism<ref name="M. Sue Kendall"> Kendall, M. Sue. Rethinking Regionalism: John Steuart Curry and the Kansas Mural Controversy. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986. </ref>. Regionalism was associated with the area beyond the Mississippi, mainly Iowa, Missouri and Kansas. The artists who were associated with Regionalism were concerned with rural nostalgia, and the American heartland. Regionalism was essentially a revolt against at least one major evil of the industrial revolution: mass centralization.<ref name="James M. Dennis"/ref> Following the stock market crash the Great Depression heightened the peoples dissatisfaction with capitalism. The rough depictions of the independent life with open space provided distractions for those in financial crisis. According to Myer Schapiro Regionalism obscured the crucial forces of history, as defined by Marx, and provided entertaining distractions from the realities facing oppressed people.<ref name="James M. Dennis"/ref> Curry depicted representations of families surviving natural disaster, in his man versus nature themes, themes that were most certainly prevalent during the Depression in the Midwest, which was thrown into economic turmoil due to lack of income and job opportunities. Tornado Over Kansas and The Mississippi reflects Curry’s observance of this theme and expresses how he saw his home state of Kansas.
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[[Image:Subject's earliest portrait.ext|thumb|right|Photo caption]]
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Explain the subject's early life historically using a journalistic style.<ref>Last, first (date). [http://URL Name of page]. Page xx. Publisher: xxxx</ref>
  
{{Works}}
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<nowiki>[[Image:Image(s) that captures subject's major contribution(s).ext|thumb|left|Photo caption]]</nowiki>
===Works===
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===Expanded description===
Curry was known for his oil paintings and mural cycles. In August of 1928 Curry painted Baptism in Kansas, which was exhibited at the Corcoran Gallery in Washington D.C. The painting was praised by the New York Times and earned Curry the attention of Mrs. Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. In 1931 Mrs. Vanderbilt Whitney purchased the painting Baptism in Kansas for the Whitney Museum in New York City, thus establishing him as a major artist. Baptism in Kansas reflected the fanatic religious sects that held open-air baptisms that these popular religious groups were a part of Curry’s rural life in Kansas. While a traditional religious scene is depicted by Curry with all the reverence one would expect from such a subject no well know Baptismal representations by old world masters employ the compositional layout that Curry favors.  Under her patronage Curry painted Tornado Over Kansas, which depicts a farmer, approaching a tornado while his wife ushers the family and pets into the cyclone cellar. The painting was unveiled in 1929 just before the crash of the stock market and provided those in the city with the romance of his man versus nature themes. During the 1930s Curry embraced the heartland of America and focused on his home state of Kansas. He depicted common scenes of the laborer, family and land in order to demonstrate peace and struggle and perseverance that he had come to believe was the essence of American life. Every Sincere Artist Knows that there is no bandwagon that goes all the way; no seeming success of the moment that will atone for the thing he knows in his heart he has not yet accomplished or for the thing he has left undone.<ref name="Mongerson Wunderlich"/ref>  Curry’s works were painted with movement which was conveyed by the free brush work and energized forms that characterized his style. His control over brushstrokes created emotions such as excitement, fear, and despair in his paintings. His fellow Regionalists who also painted action and movement influenced Curry’s style.<ref name="James M. Dennis"/ref>
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If an event that occurred in the life of the subject requires further explanation, elaborate.
  
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===Expanded description===
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If an event that occurred in the life of the subject requires further explanation, elaborate.
  
===Reactions===
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===Marriage and children===
Despite popularity among the rest of the country native Kansans were less than thrilled with his works. What Curry believed to be images that expressed positive virtues about the place he remembered from childhood was conceived as making fun of the worst aspects of the state. Natives found the inclusion of outdoor baptisms and tornados to perpetuate negative stereotypes associated with Kansas and lead to public embarrassment.<ref name="M. Sue Kendall"/ref>Curry had sought to capture the pastoral beauty of the terrain but when these paintings were displayed in New York galleries the inferiority complex among Kansans grew and they were humiliated by Curry’s paintings. Resentment grew, as the Chamber of Commerce needed Curry’s paintings as much as it needed other proponents of stereotypes such as the Wizard of Oz, which was released in 1939. However, New York audience was fascinated by Curry’s paintings. They were sick of the commercialization that surrounded their everyday lives and Curry’s paintings allowed them to view a more primitive isolated version of America.<ref name="M. Sue Kendall"/ref>
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If the subject married and produced offspring, describe the marriage and list the immediate offspring.
 
  
===Murals===
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*[[Subject's Son]] ([[birthdate]] &ndash; [[death]]) If notable, provide a brief single-line description.
Curry's most famous works were murals designed for the Kansas Statehouse, in Topeka. In June of 1937 Newspaper editors raised money to commission the states most famous artist, John Stuart Curry to paint murals in the statehouse. Curry’s concept was divided into three concepts: first the Settlement of Kansas which depicted the Conquistadors and Plainsmen, second the Life of a Homesteader which would depict John Brown, and third, Pastoral Prosperity which would include scenes of modern Kansas. Curry wanted to be free to express his own ideas regarding the murals: I have my own ideas about telling the story of pioneers coming into Kansas. I want to paint this war with nature and I want to paint the things I feel as a native Kansan  The political controversy prevented the completion of the murals. Expensive Italian marble slabs covered the spot in the rotunda that the eight panels depicting scenes from “the life of the Kansas homesteader”; the legislative committee refused to move them from the wall to make way for Curry’s mural. However, behind the refusal were two real issues with Curry’s paintings. The first being that Curry’s factual details were not correct, for instance they criticized the tails of his animals calling them not natural like.<ref name="James M. Dennis"/ref>  In Curry’s opinion these could problems could be easily fixed however, the next issue the committee took issue with was the objection to the image of Kansas abolitionist John Brown in front of a crowd of people and a tornado. In particular they objected to the blood on John Brown’s hands, the prairie fires, and tornadoes. These inclusions were thought by some to show the state in a negative light. John Brown led the armed raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859. He was considered a traitor and executed for murder. Curry, tried to explain that while the blood on Brown’s hands was not literal, but his acts caused bloodshed.  The tornado was a symbol of the abolitionist’s passion. However, the people of Kansas saw its inclusion as a negative statement about bad weather. In his presentation to the people, Curry expressed that he wanted to get into his pictures the iron that is the Kansas people; not a soft, soppy presentation.<ref name="James M. Dennis"/ref>  When rejected Curry, in anger left the finished murals unsigned at his death in 1946. Since Curry's death his murals have come to be regarded as masterpieces on par with similar works done by his contemporary Thomas Benton.
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*[[Subject's Daughter]] ([[birthdate]] &ndash; [[death]]) If notable, provide a brief single-line description.
  
===Politics===
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===Death and afterward===
Curry’s art in general was conservative in Political content. He believed that art was for the common person. He did not believe in political propaganda particularly the Marxist kind that Diego Rivera popularized in the 1930’s. Curry avoided exploiting the controversial subjects that Rivera became involved because Curry did not believe they added any artistic quality to the work. He did create a few political sketches or studies, but these were never expanded on, rather they were public events that Curry was compelled to see. Curry did a few semi political paintings, but they evolved out of an experience of Curry’s rather than created as a display of social commentary. The Return of Private Davis completed in 1940 was first witnessed near his home in 1918, and a similar study was made in France during 1926. Schmeckenbier relates this painting to the Baptism: a rural religious ceremony whose tragedy is intensified by the realization that this son of the fresh green Kansas prairies was sacrificed on a battlefield whose ideological remoteness was as dramatic as its geographical.<ref name="Laurence E. Schmeckebier"> Schmeckebier, Laurence E. John Steuart Curry's Pageant of America. New York: American Artists Group Inc., 1943. </ref>  The painting does not express a political spectacle, rather Curry’s personal feelings. Conversely, Parade to War depicts departing soldiers rather than the return of a victim. Curry portrays the personal tragedy, suffering and death associated with war because Curry himself has experienced the effects of war. Curry was working in a time period fraught with turmoil; He was working during the Great Depression, which was flanked on each side by a World War. He was inspired by a mass anti war sentiment that was reflected in literary works such as All Quiet on the Western Front. Along with war scenes Curry also produced a number of manhunt and fugitive subjects. These ideas were inspired by remembrances from his own childhood, but also from publicized events during the early 1930’s. The Kidnapping of aviator Charles Lindbergh’s son and John Dillinger’s robbery cases were well known and public deaths such as lynching were often the result of such crimes. These earlier works would influence later Curry’s mural work in the Department of Justice Building.<ref name="Laurence E. Schmeckebier"/ref>
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[''If applicable''] '''Legacy''' If any, describe. See [[Charles Darwin]] for example.
  
 
==Philosophical and/or political views==
 
==Philosophical and/or political views==

Revision as of 07:43, 31 March 2008

The following is a sample layout for biographical articles. It may be subst'd into a new article. Do not edit this template page directly if you just want to create a new article.

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Socrates(example)
Socrates.png
The Ancient Greek philosopher
Born470 BC
Died399 BC
OccupationPhilosopher
Spouse(s)Xanthippe

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Biography

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[[Image:Image(s) that captures subject's major contribution(s).ext|thumb|left|Photo caption]]

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Expanded description

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