Difference between revisions of "Template:Decay modes"
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imported>DePiep m |
imported>ComplexRational (some corrections, added symbols and separated 2n) |
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|[[Proton emission|Double proton emission]] || Two protons ejected from nucleus simultaneously|| (''A'' − 2, ''Z'' − 2) | |[[Proton emission|Double proton emission]] || Two protons ejected from nucleus simultaneously|| (''A'' − 2, ''Z'' − 2) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | n | + | | n |
|[[Neutron emission]] || A [[neutron]] ejected from nucleus || (''A'' − 1, ''Z'') | |[[Neutron emission]] || A [[neutron]] ejected from nucleus || (''A'' − 1, ''Z'') | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 2n | ||
| + | |[[Neutron emission|Double neutron ]] || Two neutrons ejected from nucleus || (''A'' − 2, ''Z'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| SF | | SF | ||
| Line 31: | Line 34: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| β<sup>−</sup> | | β<sup>−</sup> | ||
| − | | [[Beta decay]] || A nucleus emits an [[electron]] and an [[electron antineutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z'' + 1) | + | | [[Beta minus decay]] || A nucleus emits an [[electron]] and an [[electron antineutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z'' + 1) |
|- | |- | ||
| β<sup>+</sup> | | β<sup>+</sup> | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[Beta plus decay]] || A nucleus emits a [[positron]] and an [[electron neutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z'' − 1) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | ε (EC) |
|[[Electron capture]] || A nucleus captures an orbiting electron and emits a neutrino; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited unstable state || (''A'', ''Z'' − 1) | |[[Electron capture]] || A nucleus captures an orbiting electron and emits a neutrino; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited unstable state || (''A'', ''Z'' − 1) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | |[[Beta decay#Bound-state β− decay|Bound state beta decay]] || A free neutron or nucleus beta decays to electron and antineutrino, but the electron is not emitted, as it is captured into an empty K-shell; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state. This process is a minority of free neutron decays (0.0004%) due to the low energy of hydrogen ionization, and is suppressed except in ionized atoms that have K-shell vacancies. || (''A'', ''Z'' + 1) | + | |[[Beta decay#Bound-state β− decay|Bound-state beta decay]] || A free neutron or nucleus beta decays to electron and antineutrino, but the electron is not emitted, as it is captured into an empty K-shell; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state. This process is a minority of free neutron decays (0.0004%) due to the low energy of hydrogen ionization, and is suppressed except in ionized atoms that have K-shell vacancies. || (''A'', ''Z'' + 1) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup> |
|[[Double beta decay]] || A nucleus emits two electrons and two antineutrinos || (''A'', ''Z'' + 2) | |[[Double beta decay]] || A nucleus emits two electrons and two antineutrinos || (''A'', ''Z'' + 2) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | εε |
|[[Double electron capture]] || A nucleus absorbs two orbital electrons and emits two neutrinos – the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state || (''A'', ''Z'' − 2) | |[[Double electron capture]] || A nucleus absorbs two orbital electrons and emits two neutrinos – the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state || (''A'', ''Z'' − 2) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | |
|[[Electron capture]] with [[positron emission]] || A nucleus absorbs one orbital electron, emits one positron and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z'' − 2) | |[[Electron capture]] with [[positron emission]] || A nucleus absorbs one orbital electron, emits one positron and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z'' − 2) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> |
|[[Double positron decay]] || A nucleus emits two positrons and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z'' − 2) | |[[Double positron decay]] || A nucleus emits two positrons and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z'' − 2) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 21:32, 4 November 2019
Decay modes
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of decay | Participating particles | Daughter nucleus | ||
| Decays with emission of nucleons | ||||
| α | Alpha decay | An alpha particle (A = 4, Z = 2) emitted from nucleus | (A − 4, Z − 2) | |
| p | Proton emission | A proton ejected from nucleus | (A − 1, Z − 1) | |
| 2p | Double proton emission | Two protons ejected from nucleus simultaneously | (A − 2, Z − 2) | |
| n | Neutron emission | A neutron ejected from nucleus | (A − 1, Z) | |
| 2n | Double neutron | Two neutrons ejected from nucleus | (A − 2, Z) | |
| SF | Spontaneous fission | Nucleus disintegrates into two or more smaller nuclei and other particles | — | |
| CD | Cluster decay | Nucleus emits a specific type of smaller nucleus (A1, Z1) which is larger than an alpha particle | (A − A1, Z − Z1) + (A1, Z1) | |
| Different modes of beta decay | ||||
| β− | Beta minus decay | A nucleus emits an electron and an electron antineutrino | (A, Z + 1) | |
| β+ | Beta plus decay | A nucleus emits a positron and an electron neutrino | (A, Z − 1) | |
| ε (EC) | Electron capture | A nucleus captures an orbiting electron and emits a neutrino; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited unstable state | (A, Z − 1) | |
| Bound-state beta decay | A free neutron or nucleus beta decays to electron and antineutrino, but the electron is not emitted, as it is captured into an empty K-shell; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state. This process is a minority of free neutron decays (0.0004%) due to the low energy of hydrogen ionization, and is suppressed except in ionized atoms that have K-shell vacancies. | (A, Z + 1) | ||
| β−β− | Double beta decay | A nucleus emits two electrons and two antineutrinos | (A, Z + 2) | |
| εε | Double electron capture | A nucleus absorbs two orbital electrons and emits two neutrinos – the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state | (A, Z − 2) | |
| Electron capture with positron emission | A nucleus absorbs one orbital electron, emits one positron and two neutrinos | (A, Z − 2) | ||
| β+β+ | Double positron decay | A nucleus emits two positrons and two neutrinos | (A, Z − 2) | |
| Transitions between states of the same nucleus | ||||
| IT | Isomeric transition | Excited nucleus releases a high-energy photon (gamma ray) | (A, Z) | |
| Internal conversion | Excited nucleus transfers energy to an orbital electron, which is subsequently ejected from the atom | (A, Z) | ||
Usage
Decay modes per {{NUBASE2016}}
- α =α emission
- p, 2p =proton emission; 2-proton emission
- n, 2n =neutron emission; 2-neutron emission
- ε =electron capture
- e+ =positron emission
- β+ =β+ decay (β+=ε+e+)
- β− =β− decay
- 2β− =double β− decay
- 2β+ =double β+ decay
- β−n =β−delayed neutron emission
- β−2n =β−delayed 2-neutron emission
- β+p =β+ delayed proton emission
- β+2p =β+ delayed 2-proton emission
- β−α =β− delayed α emission
- β+α =β+ delayed α emission
- β−d =β− delayed deuteron emission
- IT =internal transition
- SF =spontaneous fission
- β+SF =β+delayed fission
- β−SF =β−delayed fission
- ...list is continued in a remark, at the end of the A-group
- For long-lived nuclides:
- IS Isotopic abundance (from [2011Be53]) [i.e. from AME2011, replaced by {{AME2016 II}}, DePiep)
refs
| The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Decay modes/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Please add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template. |