Difference between revisions of "Template:Decay modes"

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imported>DePiep
m
imported>ComplexRational
(some corrections, added symbols and separated 2n)
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|[[Proton emission|Double proton emission]] || Two protons ejected from nucleus simultaneously|| (''A'' − 2, ''Z'' − 2)
 
|[[Proton emission|Double proton emission]] || Two protons ejected from nucleus simultaneously|| (''A'' − 2, ''Z'' − 2)
 
|-
 
|-
| n, 2n
+
| n
 
|[[Neutron emission]] || A [[neutron]] ejected from nucleus || (''A'' − 1, ''Z'')
 
|[[Neutron emission]] || A [[neutron]] ejected from nucleus || (''A'' − 1, ''Z'')
 +
|-
 +
| 2n
 +
|[[Neutron emission|Double neutron ]] || Two neutrons ejected from nucleus || (''A'' − 2, ''Z'')
 
|-
 
|-
 
| SF
 
| SF
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|-
 
|-
 
| β<sup>−</sup>
 
| β<sup>−</sup>
| [[Beta decay]] || A nucleus emits an [[electron]] and an [[electron antineutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;+&nbsp;1)
+
| [[Beta minus decay]] || A nucleus emits an [[electron]] and an [[electron antineutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;+&nbsp;1)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| β<sup>+</sup>
 
| β<sup>+</sup>
| [[beta decay]] || A nucleus emits a [[positron]] and an [[electron neutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1)
+
| [[Beta plus decay]] || A nucleus emits a [[positron]] and an [[electron neutrino]] || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1)
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
| ε (EC)
 
|[[Electron capture]] || A nucleus captures an orbiting electron and emits a neutrino; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited unstable state || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1)
 
|[[Electron capture]] || A nucleus captures an orbiting electron and emits a neutrino; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited unstable state || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
|[[Beta decay#Bound-state β− decay|Bound state beta decay]] || A free neutron or nucleus beta decays to electron and antineutrino, but the electron is not emitted, as it is captured into an empty K-shell; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state. This process is a minority of free neutron decays (0.0004%) due to the low energy of hydrogen ionization, and is suppressed except in ionized atoms that have K-shell vacancies. || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;+&nbsp;1)
+
|[[Beta decay#Bound-state β− decay|Bound-state beta decay]] || A free neutron or nucleus beta decays to electron and antineutrino, but the electron is not emitted, as it is captured into an empty K-shell; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state. This process is a minority of free neutron decays (0.0004%) due to the low energy of hydrogen ionization, and is suppressed except in ionized atoms that have K-shell vacancies. || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;+&nbsp;1)
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
| β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>
 
|[[Double beta decay]] || A nucleus emits two electrons and two antineutrinos || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;+&nbsp;2)
 
|[[Double beta decay]] || A nucleus emits two electrons and two antineutrinos || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;+&nbsp;2)
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
| εε
 
|[[Double electron capture]] || A nucleus absorbs two orbital electrons and emits two neutrinos&nbsp;– the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;2)
 
|[[Double electron capture]] || A nucleus absorbs two orbital electrons and emits two neutrinos&nbsp;– the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;2)
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|  
 
|[[Electron capture]] with [[positron emission]] || A nucleus absorbs one orbital electron, emits one positron and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;2)
 
|[[Electron capture]] with [[positron emission]] || A nucleus absorbs one orbital electron, emits one positron and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;2)
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
| β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>
 
|[[Double positron decay]] || A nucleus emits two positrons and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;2)
 
|[[Double positron decay]] || A nucleus emits two positrons and two neutrinos || (''A'', ''Z''&nbsp;−&nbsp;2)
 
|-
 
|-

Revision as of 21:32, 4 November 2019

Decay modes
Mode of decay Participating particles Daughter nucleus
Decays with emission of nucleons
α Alpha decay An alpha particle (A = 4, Z = 2) emitted from nucleus (A − 4, Z − 2)
p Proton emission A proton ejected from nucleus (A − 1, Z − 1)
2p Double proton emission Two protons ejected from nucleus simultaneously (A − 2, Z − 2)
n Neutron emission A neutron ejected from nucleus (A − 1, Z)
2n Double neutron Two neutrons ejected from nucleus (A − 2, Z)
SF Spontaneous fission Nucleus disintegrates into two or more smaller nuclei and other particles
CD Cluster decay Nucleus emits a specific type of smaller nucleus (A1, Z1) which is larger than an alpha particle (A − A1, Z − Z1) + (A1, Z1)
Different modes of beta decay
β Beta minus decay A nucleus emits an electron and an electron antineutrino (A, Z + 1)
β+ Beta plus decay A nucleus emits a positron and an electron neutrino (A, Z − 1)
ε (EC) Electron capture A nucleus captures an orbiting electron and emits a neutrino; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited unstable state (A, Z − 1)
Bound-state beta decay A free neutron or nucleus beta decays to electron and antineutrino, but the electron is not emitted, as it is captured into an empty K-shell; the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state. This process is a minority of free neutron decays (0.0004%) due to the low energy of hydrogen ionization, and is suppressed except in ionized atoms that have K-shell vacancies. (A, Z + 1)
ββ Double beta decay A nucleus emits two electrons and two antineutrinos (A, Z + 2)
εε Double electron capture A nucleus absorbs two orbital electrons and emits two neutrinos – the daughter nucleus is left in an excited and unstable state (A, Z − 2)
Electron capture with positron emission A nucleus absorbs one orbital electron, emits one positron and two neutrinos (A, Z − 2)
β+β+ Double positron decay A nucleus emits two positrons and two neutrinos (A, Z − 2)
Transitions between states of the same nucleus
IT Isomeric transition Excited nucleus releases a high-energy photon (gamma ray) (A, Z)
Internal conversion Excited nucleus transfers energy to an orbital electron, which is subsequently ejected from the atom (A, Z)
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Usage

Decay modes per {{NUBASE2016}}

α =α emission
p, 2p =proton emission; 2-proton emission
n, 2n =neutron emission; 2-neutron emission
ε =electron capture
e+ =positron emission
β+ =β+ decay (β+=ε+e+)
β− =β− decay
2β− =double β− decay
2β+ =double β+ decay
β−n =β−delayed neutron emission
β−2n =β−delayed 2-neutron emission
β+p =β+ delayed proton emission
β+2p =β+ delayed 2-proton emission
β−α =β− delayed α emission
β+α =β+ delayed α emission
β−d =β− delayed deuteron emission
IT =internal transition
SF =spontaneous fission
β+SF =β+delayed fission
β−SF =β−delayed fission
...list is continued in a remark, at the end of the A-group
For long-lived nuclides:
IS Isotopic abundance (from [2011Be53]) [i.e. from AME2011, replaced by {{AME2016 II}}, DePiep)

refs

Template:Reflist-talk