Difference between revisions of "Template:DoseConcentrationClearance"
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imported>Medgirl131 |
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! Worked example<br />value | ! Worked example<br />value | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Dose (biochemistry)|Dose]] || Amount of drug administered. || <math>D</math> | + | | [[Dose (biochemistry)|Dose]] || Amount of drug administered. || <math>D</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{mol}</math> || {{n/a|Design parameter}} | | <math>\mathrm{mol}</math> || {{n/a|Design parameter}} | ||
| 500 mmol | | 500 mmol | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Dosing interval || Time between drug dose administrations. || <math>\tau</math> | + | | Dosing interval || Time between drug dose administrations. || <math>\tau</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || {{n/a|Design parameter}} | | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || {{n/a|Design parameter}} | ||
| 24 h | | 24 h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Cmax (pharmacology)|C<sub>max</sub>]] || The peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration. || <math>C_\text{max}</math> | + | | [[Cmax (pharmacology)|C<sub>max</sub>]] || The peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration. || <math>C_\text{max}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{M}</math> || {{n/a|Direct measurement}} | | <math>\mathrm{M}</math> || {{n/a|Direct measurement}} | ||
| 60.9 mmol/L | | 60.9 mmol/L | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | t<sub>max</sub> || Time to reach C<sub>max</sub>. || <math>t_\text{max}</math> | + | | t<sub>max</sub> || Time to reach C<sub>max</sub>. || <math>t_\text{max}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || {{n/a|Direct measurement}} | | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || {{n/a|Direct measurement}} | ||
| 3.9 h | | 3.9 h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| C<sub>min</sub> || The lowest ([[trough level|trough]]) concentration that a drug reaches before the next dose is administered. | | C<sub>min</sub> || The lowest ([[trough level|trough]]) concentration that a drug reaches before the next dose is administered. | ||
| − | | <math>C_{\text{min}, \text{ss}}</math> | + | | <math>C_{\text{min}, \text{ss}}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{M}</math> || {{n/a|Direct measurement}} | | <math>\mathrm{M}</math> || {{n/a|Direct measurement}} | ||
| 27.7 mmol/L | | 27.7 mmol/L | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Volume of distribution]] || The apparent volume in which a drug is distributed (i.e., the parameter relating drug concentration in plasma to drug amount in the body). | | [[Volume of distribution]] || The apparent volume in which a drug is distributed (i.e., the parameter relating drug concentration in plasma to drug amount in the body). | ||
| − | | <math>V_\text{d}</math> | + | | <math>V_\text{d}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{m}^3</math> || <math>\frac{D}{C_0}</math> | | <math>\mathrm{m}^3</math> || <math>\frac{D}{C_0}</math> | ||
| 6.0 L | | 6.0 L | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Concentration]] || Amount of drug in a given volume of [[blood plasma|plasma]]. || <math>C_{0}, C_\text{ss}</math> | + | | [[Concentration]] || Amount of drug in a given volume of [[blood plasma|plasma]]. || <math>C_{0}, C_\text{ss}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{M}</math> || <math>\frac{D}{V_\text{d}}</math> | | <math>\mathrm{M}</math> || <math>\frac{D}{V_\text{d}}</math> | ||
| 83.3 mmol/L | | 83.3 mmol/L | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Absorption half-life]] || The time required for the concentration of the drug to double its original value for oral and other extravascular routes.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}} | ||
| + | | <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}a}</math> | ||
| + | | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{a}}</math> | ||
| + | | 1.0 h | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Absorption rate constant]] || The rate at which a drug enters into the body for oral and other extravascular routes. | ||
| + | | <math>k_\text{a}</math> | ||
| + | | <math>\mathrm{s}^{-1}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_{\frac{1}{2}a}}</math> | ||
| + | | 0.693 <sup>−1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Biological half-life|Elimination half-{{zwj}}life]] || The time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value. | | [[Biological half-life|Elimination half-{{zwj}}life]] || The time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value. | ||
| − | | <math>t_\frac{1}{2}</math> | + | | <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}b}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{e}}</math> | | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{e}}</math> | ||
| 12 h | | 12 h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Elimination rate constant]] || The rate at which a drug is removed from the body. || <math>k_\text{e}</math> | + | | [[Elimination rate constant]] || The rate at which a drug is removed from the body. || <math>k_\text{e}</math> |
| − | | <math>\mathrm{s}^{-1}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{CL}{V_\text{d}}</math> | + | | <math>\mathrm{s}^{-1}</math> || <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_{\frac{1}{2}b}} = \frac{CL}{V_\text{d}}</math> |
| 0.0578 h<sup>−1</sup> | | 0.0578 h<sup>−1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Infusion rate || [[Rate of infusion]] required to balance elimination. || <math>k_\text{in}</math> | + | | Infusion rate || [[Rate of infusion]] required to balance elimination. || <math>k_\text{in}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{mol/s}</math> || <math>C_\text{ss} \cdot CL</math> | | <math>\mathrm{mol/s}</math> || <math>C_\text{ss} \cdot CL</math> | ||
| 50 mmol/h | | 50 mmol/h | ||
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| rowspan=2 | [[Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)|Area under the curve]] | | rowspan=2 | [[Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)|Area under the curve]] | ||
| rowspan=2 | The [[integral]] of the concentration-time curve (after a single dose or in steady state). | | rowspan=2 | The [[integral]] of the concentration-time curve (after a single dose or in steady state). | ||
| − | | <math>AUC_{0 - \infty}</math> | + | | <math>AUC_{0 - \infty}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math> | | <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math> | ||
| <math>\int_{0}^{\infty}C\, \operatorname{d}t</math> | | <math>\int_{0}^{\infty}C\, \operatorname{d}t</math> | ||
| rowspan="2" |1,320 mmol/L·h | | rowspan="2" |1,320 mmol/L·h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <math>AUC_{\tau, \text{ss}}</math> | + | | <math>AUC_{\tau, \text{ss}}</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math> | | <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math> | ||
| <math>\int_{t}^{t + \tau}C\, \operatorname{d}t</math> | | <math>\int_{t}^{t + \tau}C\, \operatorname{d}t</math> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Clearance (medicine)|Clearance]] || The volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time. || <math>CL</math> | + | | [[Clearance (medicine)|Clearance]] || The volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time. || <math>CL</math> |
| <math>\mathrm{m}^3/\mathrm{s}</math> || <math>V_\text{d} \cdot k_\text{e} = \frac{D}{AUC}</math> | | <math>\mathrm{m}^3/\mathrm{s}</math> || <math>V_\text{d} \cdot k_\text{e} = \frac{D}{AUC}</math> | ||
| 0.38 L/h | | 0.38 L/h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Bioavailability]] || The systemically available fraction of a drug. || <math>f</math> | + | | [[Bioavailability]] || The systemically available fraction of a drug. || <math>f</math> |
| Unitless || <math>\frac{AUC_\text{po} \cdot D_\text{iv}}{AUC_\text{iv} \cdot D_\text{po}}</math> | | Unitless || <math>\frac{AUC_\text{po} \cdot D_\text{iv}}{AUC_\text{iv} \cdot D_\text{po}}</math> | ||
| 0.8 | | 0.8 | ||
Revision as of 12:19, 5 February 2020
| Characteristic | Description | Symbol | Unit | Formula | Worked example value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose | Amount of drug administered. | <math>D</math> | <math>\mathrm{mol}</math> | Design parameter | 500 mmol |
| Dosing interval | Time between drug dose administrations. | <math>\tau</math> | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> | Design parameter | 24 h |
| Cmax | The peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration. | <math>C_\text{max}</math> | <math>\mathrm{M}</math> | Direct measurement | 60.9 mmol/L |
| tmax | Time to reach Cmax. | <math>t_\text{max}</math> | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> | Direct measurement | 3.9 h |
| Cmin | The lowest (trough) concentration that a drug reaches before the next dose is administered. | <math>C_{\text{min}, \text{ss}}</math> | <math>\mathrm{M}</math> | Direct measurement | 27.7 mmol/L |
| Volume of distribution | The apparent volume in which a drug is distributed (i.e., the parameter relating drug concentration in plasma to drug amount in the body). | <math>V_\text{d}</math> | <math>\mathrm{m}^3</math> | <math>\frac{D}{C_0}</math> | 6.0 L |
| Concentration | Amount of drug in a given volume of plasma. | <math>C_{0}, C_\text{ss}</math> | <math>\mathrm{M}</math> | <math>\frac{D}{V_\text{d}}</math> | 83.3 mmol/L |
| Absorption half-life | The time required for the concentration of the drug to double its original value for oral and other extravascular routes.[citation needed] | <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}a}</math> | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> | <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{a}}</math> | 1.0 h |
| Absorption rate constant | The rate at which a drug enters into the body for oral and other extravascular routes. | <math>k_\text{a}</math> | <math>\mathrm{s}^{-1}</math> | <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_{\frac{1}{2}a}}</math> | 0.693 −1 |
| [[Biological half-life|Elimination half-Template:Zwjlife]] | The time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value. | <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}b}</math> | <math>\mathrm{s}</math> | <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{k_\text{e}}</math> | 12 h |
| Elimination rate constant | The rate at which a drug is removed from the body. | <math>k_\text{e}</math> | <math>\mathrm{s}^{-1}</math> | <math>\frac{\ln(2)}{t_{\frac{1}{2}b}} = \frac{CL}{V_\text{d}}</math> | 0.0578 h−1 |
| Infusion rate | Rate of infusion required to balance elimination. | <math>k_\text{in}</math> | <math>\mathrm{mol/s}</math> | <math>C_\text{ss} \cdot CL</math> | 50 mmol/h |
| Area under the curve | The integral of the concentration-time curve (after a single dose or in steady state). | <math>AUC_{0 - \infty}</math> | <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math> | <math>\int_{0}^{\infty}C\, \operatorname{d}t</math> | 1,320 mmol/L·h |
| <math>AUC_{\tau, \text{ss}}</math> | <math>\mathrm{M}\cdot\mathrm{s}</math> | <math>\int_{t}^{t + \tau}C\, \operatorname{d}t</math> | |||
| Clearance | The volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time. | <math>CL</math> | <math>\mathrm{m}^3/\mathrm{s}</math> | <math>V_\text{d} \cdot k_\text{e} = \frac{D}{AUC}</math> | 0.38 L/h |
| Bioavailability | The systemically available fraction of a drug. | <math>f</math> | Unitless | <math>\frac{AUC_\text{po} \cdot D_\text{iv}}{AUC_\text{iv} \cdot D_\text{po}}</math> | 0.8 |
| Fluctuation | Peak trough fluctuation within one dosing interval at steady state. | <math>\%PTF</math> | <math>%</math> | <math>\frac{C_{\text{max}, \text{ss}} - C_{\text{min}, \text{ss}}}{C_{\text{av}, \text{ss}}} \cdot 100%</math>
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41.8% |
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