Difference between revisions of "Template:Earthquake magnitude/doc"
imported>Frietjes |
imported>Frietjes |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
*<small>For the "small letter m with dot below" please use the HTML encoding "&7747;", or the Unicode "1E43" code.</small> | *<small>For the "small letter m with dot below" please use the HTML encoding "&7747;", or the Unicode "1E43" code.</small> | ||
| − | Given a valid code (see table), outputs an earthquake magnitude scale label, either the generic {{ | + | Given a valid code (see table), outputs an earthquake magnitude scale label, either the generic {{M|.}}, or a subtype (such as {{M|w}} or {{M|blg}}), conformable with the labels most commonly used by the major seismological authorities. The article is automatically added to a tracking category. Optionally adds a value or relation, identifies a source, or links to explanatory text at [[Seismic magnitude scales]]. |
=== Usage === | === Usage === | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
Label only: | Label only: | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|w}} → {{M|w}} |
With a value or range: | With a value or range: | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|s|5.1}} → {{M|s|5.1}}. |
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|w|6.2 – 6.5}} → {{M|w|6.2 – 6.5}} |
Label wikilinked to explanatory text (useful for first mention): | Label wikilinked to explanatory text (useful for first mention): | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|t|'''link=y'''}} → {{M|t|link=y}} |
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|b|5.2|'''link=y'''}} → {{M|b|5.2|link=y}} |
To show that a magnitude is from a particular catalog or source use {{para|src}}: | To show that a magnitude is from a particular catalog or source use {{para|src}}: | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|w|8.1|'''src='''HRV}}, {{tlx|M|e|8.8|'''src='''USGS-PDE}} → {{M|w|8.1|src=HRV}}, {{M|e|8.8|src=USGS-PDE}} |
:<small>(Note: this is not suitable for purposes of [[WP:Verification]].)</small> | :<small>(Note: this is not suitable for purposes of [[WP:Verification]].)</small> | ||
There are multiple magnitude scales. To maintain accuracy and avoid error '''''please use the proper code''''' (see below). | There are multiple magnitude scales. To maintain accuracy and avoid error '''''please use the proper code''''' (see below). | ||
If you are uncertain use the special maintenance code "?", which flags this instance for further attention: | If you are uncertain use the special maintenance code "?", which flags this instance for further attention: | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|'''?'''}} → {{M|?}} |
Typical use in article text, with in-line citation: | Typical use in article text, with in-line citation: | ||
| − | * {{tq|The 1964 Alaska earthquake, magnitude <nowiki>{{ | + | * {{tq|The 1964 Alaska earthquake, magnitude <nowiki>{{M|w|6.7|src=NEIC}}<ref>{{short-isc|EHB|869809}}.</ref></nowiki> ....}} |
The special code "'''magnitude'''" produces a suitable wikilink for generic use: | The special code "'''magnitude'''" produces a suitable wikilink for generic use: | ||
| − | * {{tq|A {{ | + | * {{tq|A {{m|magnitude}} 7 earthquake ....}} |
The special codes "M" and "mag" produce a suitably wikilinked caption for use in tables: | The special codes "M" and "mag" produce a suitably wikilinked caption for use in tables: | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|'''M'''}} → {{M|M}}; {{tlx|M|'''mag'''}} → {{M|mag}} |
The standard symbol for [[seismic moment]] can be produced as straight text, or as a math variable (applies CSS 'texhtml' styling using {{tl|mvar}}): | The standard symbol for [[seismic moment]] can be produced as straight text, or as a math variable (applies CSS 'texhtml' styling using {{tl|mvar}}): | ||
| − | * {{tlx| | + | * {{tlx|M|'''0'''}} → {{M|0}}; {{tlx|M|'''0tex'''}} → {{M|0tex}} |
<div style="border: 2px solid #005000;margin: 2em; padding: 1em;"> | <div style="border: 2px solid #005000;margin: 2em; padding: 1em;"> | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
In general: where any source specifies magnitude on a scale ''other than'' "Richter", or uses "M" (or "m") with one or more other letters (such as ML, Mw, Ms, or mb), that can be relied on; use the table below to match the label and determine the proper code. | In general: where any source specifies magnitude on a scale ''other than'' "Richter", or uses "M" (or "m") with one or more other letters (such as ML, Mw, Ms, or mb), that can be relied on; use the table below to match the label and determine the proper code. | ||
| − | Where a newspaper or other popular media refers to the scale or magnitude of a recent earthquake as "Richter" it is probably the popular mis-identification of the moment magnitude scale. Best practice is to check with an authoritative source, such as the USGS or the International Seismic Centre (see below). USGS policy is that magnitudes in press releases, indicated as "M" without any additional characters, are implicitly moment magnitude. But: '''do not use the "w" code''' if the source '''''does not actually say''''' "M<sub>w</sub>" or "moment magnitude scale". If you have a strong basis for believing moment magnitude is meant – e.g., because it is a USGS press release – use the "dot" code to indicate an ''implicit'' M<sub>w</sub>. E.g.: {{tlx| | + | Where a newspaper or other popular media refers to the scale or magnitude of a recent earthquake as "Richter" it is probably the popular mis-identification of the moment magnitude scale. Best practice is to check with an authoritative source, such as the USGS or the International Seismic Centre (see below). USGS policy is that magnitudes in press releases, indicated as "M" without any additional characters, are implicitly moment magnitude. But: '''do not use the "w" code''' if the source '''''does not actually say''''' "M<sub>w</sub>" or "moment magnitude scale". If you have a strong basis for believing moment magnitude is meant – e.g., because it is a USGS press release – use the "dot" code to indicate an ''implicit'' M<sub>w</sub>. E.g.: {{tlx|M|'''.'''|5.7}}→ {{M|.|5.7}}; {{tlx|M|'''.'''|link=y}}→ {{M|.|link=y}}. |
| − | If you are not sure of the scale, use {{tlx| | + | If you are not sure of the scale, use {{tlx|M|?}}. See below on how to find authoritative magnitudes. |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| --|| --|| --|| --|| --|| | | --|| --|| --|| --|| --|| | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|?}} ||? || Unspecified |
|[[:Category:Articles with unspecified earthquake magnitude and/or scale|M_?]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_?|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles with unspecified earthquake magnitude and/or scale|M_?]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_?|R}} | ||
|WP: scale is unspecified or indeterminate. | |WP: scale is unspecified or indeterminate. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| --|| --|| --|| --|| --|| | | --|| --|| --|| --|| --|| | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|??}} ||?? || Needs verification |
|[[:Category:Articles with unverified magnitude and/or scale|M_??]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_??|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles with unverified magnitude and/or scale|M_??]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_??|R}} | ||
|WP: the scale and/or magnitude needs verification. | |WP: the scale and/or magnitude needs verification. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| --|| --|| --|| --|| --|| | | --|| --|| --|| --|| --|| | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|R?|link=y}} ||R? || Dubious "Richter" |
|[[:Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale|M_R?]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_R?|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale|M_R?]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_R?|R}} | ||
|WP: "Richter" scale is asserted, but dubious. | |WP: "Richter" scale is asserted, but dubious. | ||
| Line 125: | Line 125: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || UK || || ||→ | | || || UK || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|uk|link=y}} || uk || Unknown |
|[[:Category:Articles using Muk magnitude scale|M_uk]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_uk|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Muk magnitude scale|M_uk]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_uk|R}} | ||
|Source says "unknown" scale. Might be 1954 M<sub>GR</sub> or M<sub>PAS</sub> mag.; see below (gr), or [[Seismic magnitude scales#Muk|here]]. | |Source says "unknown" scale. Might be 1954 M<sub>GR</sub> or M<sub>PAS</sub> mag.; see below (gr), or [[Seismic magnitude scales#Muk|here]]. | ||
| Line 131: | Line 131: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| ML || M<kbd>l</kbd> || ML || M<sub>L</sub> || ''M''<sub>L</sub> ||→ | | ML || M<kbd>l</kbd> || ML || M<sub>L</sub> || ''M''<sub>L</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|L|link=y}} || <kbd>l</kbd> || [[Richter magnitude scale|Local ("Richter")]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using ML magnitude scale|M_L]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_L|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using ML magnitude scale|M_L]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_L|R}} | ||
| §4.1. "Local" to Southern Calif. Adapted for other regions, but not necessarily comparable. | | §4.1. "Local" to Southern Calif. Adapted for other regions, but not necessarily comparable. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || M<sub>JMA</sub> || Mj || || ''M''<sub>JMA</sub> ||→ | | || M<sub>JMA</sub> || Mj || || ''M''<sub>JMA</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|jma|link=y}} ||jma || JMA "Local" mag. |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mjma magnitude scale|M_jma]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_jma|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mjma magnitude scale|M_jma]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_jma|R}} | ||
| §3.2.4.7. Japanese Meteorological Agency. Also M<sub>J</sub> or MJMA, but ''not'' M<sub>w</sub>(JMA). | | §3.2.4.7. Japanese Meteorological Agency. Also M<sub>J</sub> or MJMA, but ''not'' M<sub>w</sub>(JMA). | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || Mh || || ''M''<sub>h</sub> ||→ | | || || Mh || || ''M''<sub>h</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|h|link=y}} || h || by "hand" |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mh for magnitude|M_h]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_h|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mh for magnitude|M_h]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_h|R}} | ||
| Ad hoc methods for special cases | | Ad hoc methods for special cases | ||
| Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| M{{ssub|0}}, ''M''{{ssub|0}} || M{{ssub|0}} ||M{{ssub|0}} || || ||→ | | M{{ssub|0}}, ''M''{{ssub|0}} || M{{ssub|0}} ||M{{ssub|0}} || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|0|link=y}} ||0 || [[seismic moment]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using seismic moment M0|M_0]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_0|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using seismic moment M0|M_0]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_0|R}} | ||
| "M zero". A physical value, basis of M<sub>w</sub>. In Newton-meters or dyne-centimeters | | "M zero". A physical value, basis of M<sub>w</sub>. In Newton-meters or dyne-centimeters | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || || || {{mvar|M{{ssub|0}}}} ||→ | | || || || || {{mvar|M{{ssub|0}}}} ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|0tex|link=y}} ||0tex || [[seismic moment]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using seismic moment M0 with 0tex option|M_0tex]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_0tex|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using seismic moment M0 with 0tex option|M_0tex]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_0tex|R}} | ||
| "M zero" as a math variable in text | | "M zero" as a math variable in text | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M || ||'''M'''||→ | | || || M || ||'''M'''||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|.|link=y}} ||'''.''' || [[Moment magnitude scale|moment mag.]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using implicit Mw magnitude scale|M_w.]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_w.|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using implicit Mw magnitude scale|M_w.]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_w.|R}} | ||
| dot: implicit Mw. | | dot: implicit Mw. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| Mw || || Mw, w || || ''M''w||→ | | Mw || || Mw, w || || ''M''w||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|w|link=y}} ||w || [[Moment magnitude scale|moment mag.]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale|M_w]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_w|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale|M_w]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_w|R}} | ||
| §4.7. Use only for ''explicit'' M<sub>w</sub>, Mw, or mw. | | §4.7. Use only for ''explicit'' M<sub>w</sub>, Mw, or mw. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || ||Mww, ww|| || ||→ | | || ||Mww, ww|| || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|ww|link=y}} ||ww || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mww magnitude scale|M_ww]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wc|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mww magnitude scale|M_ww]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wc|R}} | ||
| M<sub>w</sub> from centroid m.t.i. (moment tensor inversion) of W-phase. | | M<sub>w</sub> from centroid m.t.i. (moment tensor inversion) of W-phase. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || ||Mwc, wc|| || ||→ | | || ||Mwc, wc|| || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|wc|link=y}} ||wc || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwc magnitude scale|M_wc]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wc|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mwc magnitude scale|M_wc]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wc|R}} | ||
| M<sub>w</sub> from centroid m.t.i. of long-period surface waves. | | M<sub>w</sub> from centroid m.t.i. of long-period surface waves. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || ||Mwb, wb|| || ||→ | | || ||Mwb, wb|| || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|wb|link=y}} ||wb || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwb magnitude scale|M_wb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wb|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mwb magnitude scale|M_wb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wb|R}} | ||
| M<sub>w</sub> from m.t.i. of long-period body waves. | | M<sub>w</sub> from m.t.i. of long-period body waves. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || ||Mwr, wr|| || ||→ | | || ||Mwr, wr|| || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|wr|link=y}} ||wr || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwr magnitude scale|M_wr]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wr|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mwr magnitude scale|M_wr]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wr|R}} | ||
| M<sub>w</sub> from m.t.i. of whole seismogram at regional distances. | | M<sub>w</sub> from m.t.i. of whole seismogram at regional distances. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || ||Mwp, wp|| || ||→ | | || ||Mwp, wp|| || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|wp|link=y}} ||wp || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale|M_wp]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wp|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale|M_wp]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wp|R}} | ||
| M<sub>w</sub> from integrated p-wave §3.2.8.2 | | M<sub>w</sub> from integrated p-wave §3.2.8.2 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
|Mwpd || || || || ||→ | |Mwpd || || || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|wpd|link=y}} ||wpd || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale with duration|M_wpd]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wpd|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale with duration|M_wpd]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wpd|R}} | ||
| M<sub>wp</sub> w/ duration §3.2.8.3 | | M<sub>wp</sub> w/ duration §3.2.8.3 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub><kbd>i</kbd></sub> || || ||→ | | || || M<sub><kbd>i</kbd></sub> || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|i|link=y}} || <kbd>i</kbd> || |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mi magnitude scale|M_i]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_i|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mi magnitude scale|M_i]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_i|R}} | ||
| Only if '''''lower-case''''' "'''<kbd>i</kbd>'''"! USGS synonym for Mwp | | Only if '''''lower-case''''' "'''<kbd>i</kbd>'''"! USGS synonym for Mwp | ||
| Line 207: | Line 207: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| mb || mb || mb || ''M''b || m<sub>b</sub> ||→ | | mb || mb || mb || ''M''b || m<sub>b</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|b|link=y}} ||b || [[Body wave magnitude|body-wave, short-period]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using mb magnitude scale|M_b]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_b|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using mb magnitude scale|M_b]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_b|R}} | ||
| §4.3. ''Case sensitive'': use "b" | | §4.3. ''Case sensitive'': use "b" | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| mB || mB || -- || M || ''M''<sub>b</sub>(BB) ||→ | | mB || mB || -- || M || ''M''<sub>b</sub>(BB) ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|B|link=y}} ||B || [[Body wave magnitude|body-wave, broadband]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using mB magnitude scale|M_B]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_B|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using mB magnitude scale|M_B]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_B|R}} | ||
| §4.2; Gutenberg, 1945b,c. ''Case sensitive'': use "B". | | §4.2; Gutenberg, 1945b,c. ''Case sensitive'': use "B". | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| mB_BB || mB || -- || M || ''M''<sub>b</sub>(BB) ||→ | | mB_BB || mB || -- || M || ''M''<sub>b</sub>(BB) ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|bbb|link=y}} ||bbb || [[Body wave magnitude|body-wave, broadband]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using mBbb magnitude scale|M_Bbb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_Bbb|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using mBbb magnitude scale|M_Bbb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_Bbb|R}} | ||
| §4.2 | | §4.2 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| mb_Lg || mbLg || mb_Lg, MLg || || ''m''<sub>b</sub>(L<sub>g</sub>) ||→ | | mb_Lg || mbLg || mb_Lg, MLg || || ''m''<sub>b</sub>(L<sub>g</sub>) ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|blg|link=y}} ||b<kbd>l</kbd>g || mb from Lg wave |
|[[:Category:Articles using MbLg magnitude scale|M_bLg]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_bLg|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using MbLg magnitude scale|M_bLg]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_bLg|R}} | ||
| §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1986. North America east of the [[Rocky Mountains]], and other [[cratons]] | | §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1986. North America east of the [[Rocky Mountains]], and other [[cratons]] | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || Mn || MN || ||→ | | || || Mn || MN || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|N|link=y}} || n || mb from Lg wave |
|[[:Category:M N|M_N]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_N|R}} | |[[:Category:M N|M_N]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_N|R}} | ||
| §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1973. Same as mb<sub>Lg</sub> | | §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1973. Same as mb<sub>Lg</sub> | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| mBc || || || || ||→ | | mBc || || || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|bc|link=y}} || bc || Cumulative body-wave |
|[[:Category:Articles using mBc magnitude scale|M_Bc]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_Bc|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using mBc magnitude scale|M_Bc]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_Bc|R}} | ||
| §3.2.8.1 | | §3.2.8.1 | ||
| Line 240: | Line 240: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || Ms || Ms || ''M''<sub>s</sub>||→ | | || || Ms || Ms || ''M''<sub>s</sub>||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|s|link=y}} || s || [[Surface wave magnitude|surface wave]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using Ms magnitude scale|M_s]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Ms magnitude scale|M_s]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s|R}} | ||
| §4.4. small "s": Gutenberg (1945a) ~20 s period s.w.; Ms_20 | | §4.4. small "s": Gutenberg (1945a) ~20 s period s.w.; Ms_20 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || Ms || MS || ''M''<sub>S</sub>||→ | | || || Ms || MS || ''M''<sub>S</sub>||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|S|link=y}} || S || [[Surface wave magnitude|surface wave]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using MS magnitude scale|M_S]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_S|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using MS magnitude scale|M_S]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_S|R}} | ||
| §4.4. Big "S": broadband s.w. (Ms_BB), or (older sources) mis-capitalized M<sub>s</sub> | | §4.4. Big "S": broadband s.w. (Ms_BB), or (older sources) mis-capitalized M<sub>s</sub> | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| Ms_20 || Ms || Ms || Ms || ''M''<sub>s</sub>(20) ||→ | | Ms_20 || Ms || Ms || Ms || ''M''<sub>s</sub>(20) ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|s20|link=y}} ||s20 || surface-wave 20s |
|[[:Category:Articles using Ms20 magnitude scale|M_s20]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s20|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Ms20 magnitude scale|M_s20]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s20|R}} | ||
| §4.4. 20 s period s.w. mag. per IASPEI | | §4.4. 20 s period s.w. mag. per IASPEI | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| Ms_BB || Ms || -- || MS || ''M''<sub>s</sub>(BB) ||→ | | Ms_BB || Ms || -- || MS || ''M''<sub>s</sub>(BB) ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|sbb|link=y}} ||sbb || [[Surface wave magnitude|surface wave broadband]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using Msbb magnitude scale|M_sbb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_sbb|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Msbb magnitude scale|M_sbb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_sbb|R}} | ||
| §4.5. Broadband s.w. mag. per IASPEI | | §4.5. Broadband s.w. mag. per IASPEI | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || Mz || || ||→ | | || || Mz || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|z|link=y}} ||z || surface wave, vertical |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mz magnitude scale|M_z]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_z|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mz magnitude scale|M_z]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_z|R}} | ||
| Measured from the vertical phase before that became standard. | | Measured from the vertical phase before that became standard. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| Ms7 || || || || ''M''<sub>S7</sub>||→ | | Ms7 || || || || ''M''<sub>S7</sub>||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|s7|link=y}} ||s7 || surface wave |
|[[:Category:Articles using Ms7 magnitude scale|M_s7]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s7|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Ms7 magnitude scale|M_s7]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s7|R}} | ||
| Vertical phase on Chinese seismograph | | Vertical phase on Chinese seismograph | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub>Sn</sub> || || ||→ | | || || M<sub>Sn</sub> || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|sn|link=y}} ||sn || surface wave |
|[[:Category:Articles using Msn magnitude scale|M_sn]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_sn|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Msn magnitude scale|M_sn]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_sn|R}} | ||
| 1-second period per Nuttli, 1983 | | 1-second period per Nuttli, 1983 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub>GR</sub> || || ''M''<sub>GR</sub> ||→ | | || || M<sub>GR</sub> || || ''M''<sub>GR</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|gr|link=y}} || gr || [[Seismic scale#Mgr|Gutenberg-Richter]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mgr magnitude scale|M_gr]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_gr|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mgr magnitude scale|M_gr]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_gr|R}} | ||
| 1954 G-R version of M<sub>s</sub>. Includes M<sub>PAS</sub> ("Pasadena") | | 1954 G-R version of M<sub>s</sub>. Includes M<sub>PAS</sub> ("Pasadena") | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub>R</sub> || || ||→ | | || || M<sub>R</sub> || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|r|link=y}} || r || Rothe |
|[[:Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale|M_r]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_r|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale|M_r]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_r|R}} | ||
| ''Not'' "Richter"! Averaged M<sub>s</sub> per Rothe 1969 | | ''Not'' "Richter"! Averaged M<sub>s</sub> per Rothe 1969 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || MLH || || ||→ | | || || MLH || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|lh|link=y}} || lh || Russian M<sub>s</sub> |
|[[:Category:Articles using MLH magnitude scale|M_LH]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_LH|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using MLH magnitude scale|M_LH]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_LH|R}} | ||
| Parts of Russia (Obninsk) | | Parts of Russia (Obninsk) | ||
| Line 293: | Line 293: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| Mc || || || || ''M''<sub>c</sub>||→ | | Mc || || || || ''M''<sub>c</sub>||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|c|link=y}} ||c || coda length |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mc magnitude scale|M_c]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_c|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mc magnitude scale|M_c]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_c|R}} | ||
| §3.2.4.5 | | §3.2.4.5 | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| Md || Md || MD || || ''M''<sub>D</sub>||→ | | Md || Md || MD || || ''M''<sub>D</sub>||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|d|link=y}} ||d || [[Earthquake duration magnitude|duration]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using Md magnitude scale|M_d]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_d|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Md magnitude scale|M_d]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_d|R}} | ||
| §3.2.4.5. Many variants. ''Not'' JMA displacement mag. | | §3.2.4.5. Many variants. ''Not'' JMA displacement mag. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || M<sub>t</sub> || || || ||→ | | || M<sub>t</sub> || || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|t|link=y}} ||t || tsunami mag. |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mt magnitude scale|M_t]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_t|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mt magnitude scale|M_t]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_t|R}} | ||
| §3.2.6.7. Used by [http://ptwc.weather.gov/ PTWC] | | §3.2.6.7. Used by [http://ptwc.weather.gov/ PTWC] | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || || || ''M''<sub>m</sub> ||→ | | || || || || ''M''<sub>m</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|m|link=y}} ||m || mantle mag. |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mm magnitude scale|M_m]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_m|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mm magnitude scale|M_m]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_m|R}} | ||
| §3.2.8.5. Used by [http://ptwc.weather.gov/ PTWC] | | §3.2.8.5. Used by [http://ptwc.weather.gov/ PTWC] | ||
| Line 315: | Line 315: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || Me || Me || || ||→ | | || Me || Me || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|e|link=y}} ||e || energy mag. |
|[[:Category:Articles using Me magnitude scale|M_e]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_e|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Me magnitude scale|M_e]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_e|R}} | ||
| §3.2.7.2 | | §3.2.7.2 | ||
| Line 325: | Line 325: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M(K) || || ||→ | | || || M(K) || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|k|link=y}} ||k || [[Seismic scale#MK|K-class mag.]] |
|[[:Category:Articles using MK magnitude scale|M_K]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_K|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using MK magnitude scale|M_K]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_K|R}} | ||
| Mag. calculated from "energy class" K | | Mag. calculated from "energy class" K | ||
| Line 333: | Line 333: | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || M<sub>ms</sub> || || || ||→ | | || M<sub>ms</sub> || || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|ms|link=y}} || ms || macroseismic |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mms magnitude scale|M_ms]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_ms|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mms magnitude scale|M_ms]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_ms|R}} | ||
| §3.2.6.6. Generic mag. estimated from macroseismic effects | | §3.2.6.6. Generic mag. estimated from macroseismic effects | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub>fa</sub>, FA || || ''M''<sub>fa</sub> ||→ | | || || M<sub>fa</sub>, FA || || ''M''<sub>fa</sub> ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|fa|link=y}} || fa || m<sub>b</sub> from felt-area |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mfa magnitude scale|M_fa]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_fa|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mfa magnitude scale|M_fa]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_fa|R}} | ||
| Stover & Coffman, 1999. Est. from extent of felt-area. Multiple methods. | | Stover & Coffman, 1999. Est. from extent of felt-area. Multiple methods. | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub>La</sub> || || ||→ | | || || M<sub>La</sub> || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|la|link=y}} ||<kbd>l</kbd>a || M<sub>L</sub> from felt-area |
|[[:Category:Articles using Mla magnitude scale|M_la]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_la|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using Mla magnitude scale|M_la]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_la|R}} | ||
| M<sub>L</sub> est. from intensity reports; for Calif. and Hawaii | | M<sub>L</sub> est. from intensity reports; for Calif. and Hawaii | ||
|- # | |- # | ||
| || || M<sub><kbd>I</kbd></sub> || || ||→ | | || || M<sub><kbd>I</kbd></sub> || || ||→ | ||
| − | |{{ | + | |{{M|I|link=y}} || <kbd>I</kbd> || M<sub>L</sub> from intensity |
|[[:Category:Articles using MI magnitude scale|M_I]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_I|R}} | |[[:Category:Articles using MI magnitude scale|M_I]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_I|R}} | ||
| Only if '''''upper-case''''' "'''<kbd>I</kbd>'''"! Est. from epicentral intensity. | | Only if '''''upper-case''''' "'''<kbd>I</kbd>'''"! Est. from epicentral intensity. | ||
Latest revision as of 18:14, 29 July 2020
| This is a documentation subpage for Template:Earthquake magnitude. It contains usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original template page. |
| Notice | This template should not be used in citation templates such as Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2, because it includes markup that will pollute the COinS metadata they produce; see Wikipedia:COinS. |
- For the "small letter m with dot below" please use the HTML encoding "&7747;", or the Unicode "1E43" code.
Given a valid code (see table), outputs an earthquake magnitude scale label, either the generic M, or a subtype (such as Mw or mbLg ), conformable with the labels most commonly used by the major seismological authorities. The article is automatically added to a tracking category. Optionally adds a value or relation, identifies a source, or links to explanatory text at Seismic magnitude scales.
Usage
The full name serves to better identify this template's purpose. For most practical purposes, the shortcut {{M}} is used as described below.
{{ M | <code*> | <value or relation> | src = <source> | link=y }}
A valid code is required (see table), other parameters are optional.
Examples
Label only:
{{M|w}}→ Mw
With a value or range:
Label wikilinked to explanatory text (useful for first mention):
To show that a magnitude is from a particular catalog or source use |src=:
- (Note: this is not suitable for purposes of WP:Verification.)
There are multiple magnitude scales. To maintain accuracy and avoid error please use the proper code (see below). If you are uncertain use the special maintenance code "?", which flags this instance for further attention:
{{M|?}}→ M
Typical use in article text, with in-line citation:
The special code "magnitude" produces a suitable wikilink for generic use:
The special codes "M" and "mag" produce a suitably wikilinked caption for use in tables:
The standard symbol for seismic moment can be produced as straight text, or as a math variable (applies CSS 'texhtml' styling using {{mvar}}):
{{M|0}}→ M0 ;{{M|0tex}}→ Template:Mvar
Important note: Please do NOT specify a magnitude as "Richter scale" just because a newspaper or other popular media says "Richter". That is usually incorrect. Earthquake magnitudes reported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other seismological authorities now generally use the moment magnitude scale for magnitudes greater than 4.0. While most newspapers and other popular media refer to this as the "Richter" magnitude, that is not correct. Richter's original scale, explicitly denoted with the symbol "ML" or "ML" (where "L" indicates "Local"), was developed for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes in the vicinity of southern California. While the "Richter" and moment magnitude scales are similar, they do differ, particularly for earthquakes stronger than about M 6.5, or deeper than about 50 km.
In general: where any source specifies magnitude on a scale other than "Richter", or uses "M" (or "m") with one or more other letters (such as ML, Mw, Ms, or mb), that can be relied on; use the table below to match the label and determine the proper code.
Where a newspaper or other popular media refers to the scale or magnitude of a recent earthquake as "Richter" it is probably the popular mis-identification of the moment magnitude scale. Best practice is to check with an authoritative source, such as the USGS or the International Seismic Centre (see below). USGS policy is that magnitudes in press releases, indicated as "M" without any additional characters, are implicitly moment magnitude. But: do not use the "w" code if the source does not actually say "Mw" or "moment magnitude scale". If you have a strong basis for believing moment magnitude is meant – e.g., because it is a USGS press release – use the "dot" code to indicate an implicit Mw. E.g.: {{M|.|5.7}}→ M5.7; {{M|.|link=y}}→ M.
If you are not sure of the scale, use {{M|?}}. See below on how to find authoritative magnitudes.
Data sources
Newspapers and other mass media are not reliable sources for earthquake magnitudes. It is preferable that earthquake magnitudes always be obtained from authoritative sources, such as the following.
- The ANSS (Advanced National Seismic System) Composite Catalog, commonly known as "ComCat" is a near-realtime repository of earthquake information from the USGS (United States Geological Survey) and various regional data centers, with additional data from seismic networks around the world. Event pages for significant events generally have an executive summary, a tectonic overview, past earthquake history of that area, ShakeMaps, and other material. ComCat can be accessed in several ways:
- Latest Earthquakes. In most cases there is an initial report within 10 to 30 minutes of all magnitude 5.0+ earthquakes globally, and magnitude 4.0+ earthquakes within the contiguous U.S. Note that the magnitudes and locations in the initial reports are only first-order approximations, which get revised in the following hours, days, and months.
- Significant Earthquakes archive: a chronological listing of events since 1900.
- All of these access methods link to event pages in the ANSS Comprehensive Catalog (ComCat), which can be cited using {{short-anss}} and {{cite_anss}}.
- The ISC (International Seismological Centre) is the final and authoritative archive of global earthquake data. Services include:
- The On-Line Bulletin (IRIS mirror) incorporates several catalogs (databases). There are catalog-specific search functions for finding events constrained by date period, magnitude range, or region (by latitude and longitude, or Flinn-Engdahl regions). Data may be revised years later as more data is obtained or processes refined. This is the most complete, most authoritative, and preferred source for earthquake magnitudes and epicenters.
- Event Bibliography (IRIS mirror) of scientific articles for notable events, indexed chronologically. (Useful for finding ISC event id.)
- The ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue: Definitive magnitudes for selected earthquakes since 1900. (Source id: GEM.)
Earthquake magnitudes are given on different scales because they measure different aspects of the event, or are measured in different ways. It is valid to list multiple magnitudes for an event (not to be confused with multiple events such as foreshocks, aftershocks, and doublet earthquakes). Estimates of magnitude may differ between networks and across time because of differences or changes in how the seismograms are read and the data processed. For details see the NMSOP-2 documentation (below).
Table of codes
These are the most commonly found scales of earthquake magnitude. Any scale not found in this table is mostly likely one of the following:
- An intensity scale. See Seismic intensity scales for explanation. This template does not cover intensity scales.
- A regional (or "local") scale used by some particular seismic network (or country). In general it is preferable to use one of the better known scales from the table. Exceptions are for historical reports; you will need to explicitly format as appropriate. If the scale has been properly calibrated (see MNSOP-2, Chapter 3, §3.2.4.3, p. 65) then "L" may be appropriate, along with the
|src=parameter. - A technical scale. While these might come up in an article related to seismology, they are not appropriate for general description of earthquakes. If needed, please format appropriately. On first use be sure to add a footnote explaining the scale.
Be careful to distinguish upper- and lower-case "M/m", "B/b", "L/l", and "I/i". Other than that case is generally not significant, nor italicization or subscripting.
The examples in the table are representative, even comprehensive, but not complete.
| As seen in sources | WP | Code | Mag. scale | Cat. | # | Comments | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IASPEI | NMSOP | USGS | ISC | BSSA | |||||||
| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | M | ? | Unspecified | M_? | 0 | WP: scale is unspecified or indeterminate. | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | M | ?? | Needs verification | M_?? | 0 | WP: the scale and/or magnitude needs verification. | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | M | R? | Dubious "Richter" | M_R? | 0 | WP: "Richter" scale is asserted, but dubious. | |
| UK | → | Muk | uk | Unknown | M_uk | 0 | Source says "unknown" scale. Might be 1954 MGR or MPAS mag.; see below (gr), or here. | ||||
| ML | Ml | ML | ML | ML | → | ML | l | Local ("Richter") | M_L | 0 | §4.1. "Local" to Southern Calif. Adapted for other regions, but not necessarily comparable. |
| MJMA | Mj | MJMA | → | MJMA | jma | JMA "Local" mag. | M_jma | 0 | §3.2.4.7. Japanese Meteorological Agency. Also MJ or MJMA, but not Mw(JMA). | ||
| Mh | Mh | → | Mh | h | by "hand" | M_h | 0 | Ad hoc methods for special cases | |||
| MTemplate:Ssub, MTemplate:Ssub | MTemplate:Ssub | MTemplate:Ssub | → | M0 | 0 | seismic moment | M_0 | 0 | "M zero". A physical value, basis of Mw. In Newton-meters or dyne-centimeters | ||
| Template:Mvar | → | [[Seismic magnitude scales#M0|Template:Mvar ]] | 0tex | seismic moment | M_0tex | 0 | "M zero" as a math variable in text | ||||
| M | M | → | M | . | moment mag. | M_w. | 0 | dot: implicit Mw. | |||
| Mw | Mw, w | Mw | → | Mw | w | moment mag. | M_w | 0 | §4.7. Use only for explicit Mw, Mw, or mw. | ||
| Mww, ww | → | Mww | ww | M_ww | 0 | Mw from centroid m.t.i. (moment tensor inversion) of W-phase. | |||||
| Mwc, wc | → | Mwc | wc | M_wc | 0 | Mw from centroid m.t.i. of long-period surface waves. | |||||
| Mwb, wb | → | Mwb | wb | M_wb | 0 | Mw from m.t.i. of long-period body waves. | |||||
| Mwr, wr | → | Mwr | wr | M_wr | 0 | Mw from m.t.i. of whole seismogram at regional distances. | |||||
| Mwp, wp | → | Mwp | wp | M_wp | 0 | Mw from integrated p-wave §3.2.8.2 | |||||
| Mwpd | → | Mwpd | wpd | M_wpd | 0 | Mwp w/ duration §3.2.8.3 | |||||
| Mi | → | Mi | i | M_i | 0 | Only if lower-case "i"! USGS synonym for Mwp | |||||
| mb | mb | mb | Mb | mb | → | mb | b | body-wave, short-period | M_b | 0 | §4.3. Case sensitive: use "b" |
| mB | mB | -- | M | Mb(BB) | → | mB | B | body-wave, broadband | M_B | 0 | §4.2; Gutenberg, 1945b,c. Case sensitive: use "B". |
| mB_BB | mB | -- | M | Mb(BB) | → | mBBB | bbb | body-wave, broadband | M_Bbb | 0 | §4.2 |
| mb_Lg | mbLg | mb_Lg, MLg | mb(Lg) | → | mbLg | blg | mb from Lg wave | M_bLg | 0 | §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1986. North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and other cratons | |
| Mn | MN | → | mN | n | mb from Lg wave | M_N | 0 | §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1973. Same as mbLg | |||
| mBc | → | mBc | bc | Cumulative body-wave | M_Bc | 0 | §3.2.8.1 | ||||
| Ms | Ms | Ms | → | Ms | s | surface wave | M_s | 0 | §4.4. small "s": Gutenberg (1945a) ~20 s period s.w.; Ms_20 | ||
| Ms | MS | MS | → | MS | S | surface wave | M_S | 0 | §4.4. Big "S": broadband s.w. (Ms_BB), or (older sources) mis-capitalized Ms | ||
| Ms_20 | Ms | Ms | Ms | Ms(20) | → | Ms20 | s20 | surface-wave 20s | M_s20 | 0 | §4.4. 20 s period s.w. mag. per IASPEI |
| Ms_BB | Ms | -- | MS | Ms(BB) | → | MsBB | sbb | surface wave broadband | M_sbb | 0 | §4.5. Broadband s.w. mag. per IASPEI |
| Mz | → | Mz | z | surface wave, vertical | M_z | 0 | Measured from the vertical phase before that became standard. | ||||
| Ms7 | MS7 | → | Ms7 | s7 | surface wave | M_s7 | 0 | Vertical phase on Chinese seismograph | |||
| MSn | → | Msn | sn | surface wave | M_sn | 0 | 1-second period per Nuttli, 1983 | ||||
| MGR | MGR | → | MGR | gr | Gutenberg-Richter | M_gr | 0 | 1954 G-R version of Ms. Includes MPAS ("Pasadena") | |||
| MR | → | MR | r | Rothe | M_r | 0 | Not "Richter"! Averaged Ms per Rothe 1969 | ||||
| MLH | → | MLH | lh | Russian Ms | M_LH | 0 | Parts of Russia (Obninsk) | ||||
| Mc | Mc | → | Mc | c | coda length | M_c | 0 | §3.2.4.5 | |||
| Md | Md | MD | MD | → | Md | d | duration | M_d | 0 | §3.2.4.5. Many variants. Not JMA displacement mag. | |
| Mt | → | Mt | t | tsunami mag. | M_t | 0 | §3.2.6.7. Used by PTWC | ||||
| Mm | → | Mm | m | mantle mag. | M_m | 0 | §3.2.8.5. Used by PTWC | ||||
| Me | Me | → | Me | e | energy mag. | M_e | 0 | §3.2.7.2 | |||
| K | – | – | K-class | K | 0 | See Energy class. Use Template:K | |||||
| M(K) | → | M(K) | k | K-class mag. | M_K | 0 | Mag. calculated from "energy class" K | ||||
| Mms | → | Mms | ms | macroseismic | M_ms | 0 | §3.2.6.6. Generic mag. estimated from macroseismic effects | ||||
| Mfa, FA | Mfa | → | Mfa | fa | mb from felt-area | M_fa | 0 | Stover & Coffman, 1999. Est. from extent of felt-area. Multiple methods. | |||
| MLa | → | Mla | la | ML from felt-area | M_la | 0 | ML est. from intensity reports; for Calif. and Hawaii | ||||
| MI | → | MI | I | ML from intensity | M_I | 0 | Only if upper-case "I"! Est. from epicentral intensity. | ||||
Examples of use are from the International Association of Earth Physics and Interior (IASPEI), the first edition of the New Manual of Seismological Practice (NMSOP)(the second edition follows the IASPEI), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), the International Seismological Centre (ISC), and the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (BSSA), as summarized in table 3 of the IASPEI/MNSOP-2 Information Sheet 3.3. Additional magnitude scales from Chapter 3 of MNSOP-2, ISC documentation, the USGS, and a review of the literature. Section numbers under "Comments" are for either Chapter 3, or Information Sheet 3.3
Principal references on usage are:
- Bormann, P., ed. (2012), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2), Potsdam: IASPEI/GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2.
- Bormann, P.; Dewey, J. W. (2014), "Information Sheet 3.3: The new IASPEI standards for determining magnitudes from digital data and their relation to classical magnitudes." (PDF), in Bormann (ed.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2), doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.3.
These sources also have extensive discussion and references on the derivation and comparison of the various scales.
The nomenclature style implemented here is adapted from IASPEI/MNSOP-2 Information Sheet 3.3. This style differs from IASPEI style mainly in using subscripts rather than underscores, and from BSSA style mainly in not using parentheses.
"Cat.": the Categories for tracking use of these various scales. "#" is the number of articles in that category.
See also
- Category:Articles using templated earthquake magnitude scale, sub-categorized by scale used.
- Seismic magnitude scales. Brief descriptions of the most common magnitude scales.
- Template:Cite anss For citing data from the USGS-ANSS Comprehensive Catalog.
- Template:Short-anss In-line short-cite.
- Template:Cite isc For citing data from the International Seismological Centre.
- Template:Short-isc In-line short-cite.