Difference between revisions of "Template:Geologic time scale"

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imported>Donald Albury
(I have a problem with calling the same period both 'Boreal' and 'Preboreal', that needs a good explanation, but no WP article for 'Preboreal')
imported>Necessary Evil
(Subatlantic, Subboreal, Atlantic, Boreal and Preboreal are chrons, not Ages like Maastrichtian.)
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! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2004 time scale. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
 
! Start, million years ago<ref name="uncertain-dates">Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in [[radiometric dating]] and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] 2004 time scale. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a [[Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]] has been internationally agreed upon: see [[List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points]] for a complete list.</ref>
 
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|rowspan="95"|
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|rowspan="94"|
|rowspan="95" style="background:#b3e2d1"| [[Phanerozoic]]
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|rowspan="94" style="background:#b3e2d1"| [[Phanerozoic]]
|rowspan="24" style="background:#ffff00"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
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|rowspan="23" style="background:#ffff00"| [[Cenozoic]]<ref name="cenozoic-division">Historically, the [[Cenozoic]] has been divided up into the [[Quaternary]] and [[Tertiary]] sub-eras, as well as the [[Neogene]] and [[Paleogene]] periods. The [http://www.stratigraphy.org/upload/ISChart2009.pdf 2009 version of the ICS time chart] recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.</ref>
 
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|rowspan="6" style="background:#ffff7f"| [[Quaternary]]
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|rowspan="5" style="background:#ffff7f"| [[Quaternary]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ffffb3"| [[Holocene]]
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|style="background:#ffffb3"| [[Holocene]]
|style="background:#FFF5EF"| [[Subatlantic (period) |Subatlantic]] / [[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]] / [[Subboreal (period)|Subboreal]]
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|style="background:#FFF5EF"| ''None''</br>[[Chronozone|chrons]]:</br>[[Subatlantic (period) |Subatlantic]]</br>[[Subboreal (period)|Subboreal]]</br>[[Atlantic (period)|Atlantic]]</br>[[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]</br>Preboreal
|rowspan="2" | The [[last glacial period]] ends; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins. [[Younger Dryas]] cold spell occurs, [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins, allowing humans to build [[city|cities]]. [[Paleolithic]]/[[Neolithic]] ([[Stone Age]]) cultures begin around [[10th millennium BC|10000 BC]], giving way to [[Copper Age]] (3500 BC) and [[Bronze Age]] (2500 BC). Cultures continue to grow in complexity and technical advancement through the [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world, eventually leading into [[Classical Antiquity]], such as the [[Roman Empire]] and even to the [[Middle Ages]] and [[present day]]. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Also refer to the [[List of archaeological periods]] for clarification on early cultures and ages. [[Mount Tambora]] [[volcanic eruption|erupts]] in 1815, causing the [[Year Without a Summer]] (1816) in Europe and North America from a [[volcanic winter]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] levels start creeping from 100 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) at the end of the last glaciation to the current level of 385 ppmv, possibly causing [[global warming]] and/or [[climate change]], [[scientific opinion on climate change|likely]] from [[anthropogenic]] sources, such as the [[Industrial Revolution]]<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see the following articles: [[Earth's atmosphere]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]], and [[Template:DF temperature]]</ref>
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|rowspan="1" | The [[last glacial period]] ends; rise of human [[civilization]]. [[Quaternary glaciation|Quaternary Ice Age]] recedes, and the current [[interglacial]] begins. [[Younger Dryas]] cold spell occurs, [[Sahara]] forms from savannah, and [[agriculture]] begins, allowing humans to build [[city|cities]]. [[Paleolithic]]/[[Neolithic]] ([[Stone Age]]) cultures begin around [[10th millennium BC|10000 BC]], giving way to [[Copper Age]] (3500 BC) and [[Bronze Age]] (2500 BC). Cultures continue to grow in complexity and technical advancement through the [[Iron Age]] (1200 BC), giving rise to [[Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures|many pre-historic cultures]] throughout the world, eventually leading into [[Classical Antiquity]], such as the [[Roman Empire]] and even to the [[Middle Ages]] and [[present day]]. [[Little Ice Age]] ([[stadial]]) causes brief cooling in [[Northern Hemisphere]] from 1400 to 1850. Also refer to the [[List of archaeological periods]] for clarification on early cultures and ages. [[Mount Tambora]] [[volcanic eruption|erupts]] in 1815, causing the [[Year Without a Summer]] (1816) in Europe and North America from a [[volcanic winter]]. [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] [[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] levels start creeping from 100 [[parts per million]] volume (ppmv) at the end of the last glaciation to the current level of 385 ppmv, possibly causing [[global warming]] and/or [[climate change]], [[scientific opinion on climate change|likely]] from [[anthropogenic]] sources, such as the [[Industrial Revolution]]<ref name="atmospheric-carbon-dioxide">For more information on this, see the following articles: [[Earth's atmosphere]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere]], [[:Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png]], [[:Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png]], [[:Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png]], and [[Template:DF temperature]]</ref>
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ffffb3"| 0.011430&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00013<ref name="cenozoic-division" /><ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,430]] [[before present|years ago]]&nbsp;±&nbsp;130 years (that is, between 9610 BC-9560 BC and 9350 BC-9300 BC). For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
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|style="background:#ffffb3"| 0.011430&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.00013<ref name="cenozoic-division" /><ref name="holocene">The start time for the [[Holocene]] epoch is here given as [[Upper Paleolithic|11,430]] [[before present|years ago]]&nbsp;±&nbsp;130 years (that is, between 9610 BC-9560 BC and 9350 BC-9300 BC). For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see [[Holocene]].</ref>
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|style="background:#FFF5EF"| [[Boreal (period)|Boreal]]
 
 
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|rowspan="4" style="background:#ffff62"| [[Pleistocene]]
 
|rowspan="4" style="background:#ffff62"| [[Pleistocene]]

Revision as of 21:34, 5 January 2011