Difference between revisions of "Template:IPA consonant chart"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Sweyn78 m (Added more options for the templates.) |
imported>Nardog (reverting per WP:BRD; discuss at Talk:International Phonetic Alphabet#New Changes) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | < | + | <!-- PULMONIC (1/3) -->{| align="left" border=1 cellpadding=1 cellspacing=0 style="font-size:110%; margin-right:1.0em; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-collapse:collapse; background:transparent;" |
| − | + | | colspan=27 style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; line-height:1.25em; background:#F2F2CE; border:1px solid #aaa" | <div style="float:left; text-align:left; padding-left:0.25em; font-size:75%">{{navbar|IPA consonant chart|mini=1}}</div>'''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [[Pulmonic consonant|pulmonic consonants]]'''<span style="float:right; width:13em; text-align:right; padding-right:0.25em; font-size:75%;">[[:File:IPA_chart_(C)2005.pdf|chart image]] • [[File:Loudspeaker.svg|11px|link=IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio]] [[IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio|audio]]</span> | |
| − | + | |- style="vertical-align:top; line-height:2.0em; font-size:75%;" | | |
| − | + | | style="border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px; text-align:right" | [[Place of articulation|Place]] → | |
| − | + | |colspan="5" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0"| [[Labial consonant|Labial]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="10" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0"| [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="6" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0"| [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="5" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0"| [[Laryngeal consonant|Laryngeal]] | |
| − | < | + | |- style="vertical-align:top; font-size:75%; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 0px 2px" | |
| − | {{IPA chart | + | | style="width:*; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 2px 1px; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" | ↓ [[Manner of articulation|Manner]] |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Labiodental consonant|Labio­dental]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Linguolabial consonant|Linguo­labial]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Dental consonant|Dental]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Palato-alveolar consonant|Palato-<br>alveolar]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-<br>palatal]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Velar consonant|Velar]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 0"| [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal<br>/ Epiglottal]] | |
| − | + | |colspan="2" style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0"| [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | |style="text-align:left; font-size:75%; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Nasal stop|Nasal]] | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|m̥|output=wikipage}}|m̥]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|m|output=wikipage}}|m]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɱ|output=wikipage}}|ɱ]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|n̼̊}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|n̼|output=wikipage}}|n̼]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2" | | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|n̥|output=wikipage}}|n̥]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|n|output=wikipage}}|n]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɳ̊|output=wikipage}}|ɳ̊]]}} | |
| − | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɳ|output=wikipage}}|ɳ]]}} | |
| − | < | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| |
| − | < | + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɲ̊|output=wikipage}}|ɲ̊]]}} |
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɲ|output=wikipage}}|ɲ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ŋ̊|output=wikipage}}|ŋ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ŋ|output=wikipage}}|ŋ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|ɴ̥}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɴ|output=wikipage}}|ɴ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="4"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|p|output=wikipage}}|p]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|b|output=wikipage}}|b]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|p̪|output=wikipage}}|p̪]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|b̪|output=wikipage}}|b̪]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|t̼|output=wikipage}}|t̼]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|d̼|output=wikipage}}|d̼]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2" | | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|t|output=wikipage}}|t]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|d|output=wikipage}}|d]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʈ|output=wikipage}}|ʈ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɖ|output=wikipage}}|ɖ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|c|output=wikipage}}|c]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɟ|output=wikipage}}|ɟ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|k|output=wikipage}}|k]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɡ|output=wikipage}}|ɡ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|q|output=wikipage}}|q]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɢ|output=wikipage}}|ɢ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid" colspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʡ|output=wikipage}}|ʡ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʔ|output=wikipage}}|ʔ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none; background:#ccc"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Sibilant consonant|Sibilant]] [[Affricate consonant|affricate]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="6"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2" | | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ts|output=wikipage}}|ts]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|dz|output=wikipage}}|dz]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tʃ|output=wikipage}}|tʃ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|dʒ|output=wikipage}}|dʒ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʈʂ|output=wikipage}}|ʈʂ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɖʐ|output=wikipage}}|ɖʐ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tɕ|output=wikipage}}|tɕ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|dʑ|output=wikipage}}|dʑ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="10"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Sibilant consonant|Non-sibilant]] [[Affricate consonant|affricate]] | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|pɸ|output=wikipage}}|pɸ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none;"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|bβ|output=wikipage}}|bβ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|p̪f|output=wikipage}}|p̪f]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|b̪v|output=wikipage}}|b̪v]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tθ|output=wikipage}}|tθ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|dð|output=wikipage}}|dð]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|t͡θ̠|output=wikipage}}|tθ̠]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|d͡ð̠|output=wikipage}}|dð̠]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔|output=wikipage}}|t̠ɹ̠̊˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|d̠͡ɹ̠˔|output=wikipage}}|d̠ɹ̠˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|cç|output=wikipage}}|cç]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɟʝ|output=wikipage}}|ɟʝ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|kx|output=wikipage}}|kx]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɡɣ|output=wikipage}}|ɡɣ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|qχ|output=wikipage}}|qχ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|ɢʁ}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[voiceless pharyngeal affricate|ʡħ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[voiced pharyngeal affricate|ʡʕ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʔh|output=wikipage}}|ʔh]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none; background:#ccc"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Sibilant consonant|Sibilant]] [[Fricative consonant|fricative]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="6"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2" | | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|s|output=wikipage}}|s]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|z|output=wikipage}}|z]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʃ|output=wikipage}}|ʃ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʒ|output=wikipage}}|ʒ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʂ|output=wikipage}}|ʂ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʐ|output=wikipage}}|ʐ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɕ|output=wikipage}}|ɕ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʑ|output=wikipage}}|ʑ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="10"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Sibilant consonant|Non-sibilant]] [[Fricative consonant|fricative]] | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɸ|output=wikipage}}|ɸ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|β|output=wikipage}}|β]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|f|output=wikipage}}|f]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|v|output=wikipage}}|v]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|θ̼|output=wikipage}}|θ̼]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ð̼|output=wikipage}}|ð̼]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|θ|output=wikipage}}|θ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ð|output=wikipage}}|ð]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|θ̠|output=wikipage}}|θ̱]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ð̠|output=wikipage}}|ð̠]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɹ̠̊˔|output=wikipage}}|ɹ̠̊˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɹ̠˔|output=wikipage}}|ɹ̠˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ç|output=wikipage}}|ç]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʝ|output=wikipage}}|ʝ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|x|output=wikipage}}|x]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɣ|output=wikipage}}|ɣ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|χ|output=wikipage}}|χ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʁ|output=wikipage}}|ʁ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ħ|output=wikipage}}|ħ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʕ|output=wikipage}}|ʕ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|h|output=wikipage}}|h]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɦ|output=wikipage}}|ɦ]]}} {{IPA|[[creaky-voiced glottal approximant|ʔ̞]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʋ̥|output=wikipage}}|ʋ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʋ|output=wikipage}}|ʋ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɹ̥|output=wikipage}}|ɹ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɹ|output=wikipage}}|ɹ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɻ̊|output=wikipage}}|ɻ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɻ|output=wikipage}}|ɻ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|j̊|output=wikipage}}|j̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|j|output=wikipage}}|j]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɰ̊|output=wikipage}}|ɰ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɰ|output=wikipage}}|ɰ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Flap consonant|Flap or tap]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ⱱ̟|output=wikipage}}|ⱱ̟]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ⱱ|output=wikipage}}|ⱱ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[ɾ̼]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɾ̥|output=wikipage}}|ɾ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɾ|output=wikipage}}|ɾ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɽ̊|output=wikipage}}|ɽ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɽ|output=wikipage}}|ɽ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="6" rowspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɢ̆|output=wikipage}}|ɢ̆]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʡ̮|output=wikipage}}|ʡ̮]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Trill consonant|Trill]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʙ|output=wikipage}}|ʙ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʙ̪|output=wikipage}}|ʙ̪]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|r̼|output=wikipage}}|r̼]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|r̥|output=wikipage}}|r̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|r|output=wikipage}}|r]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɽ͡r̥|output=wikipage}}|ɽr̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɽ͡r|output=wikipage}}|ɽr]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʀ̥|output=wikipage}}|ʀ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʀ|output=wikipage}}|ʀ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʜ|output=wikipage}}|ʜ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʢ|output=wikipage}}|ʢ]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]] [[Affricate consonant|affricate]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="4" rowspan="4"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tɬ|output=wikipage}}|tɬ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|dɮ|output=wikipage}}|dɮ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʈɭ̊˔|output=wikipage}}|ʈɭ̊˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|c͡ʎ̥˔|output=wikipage}}|cʎ̥˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|k|output=wikipage}}|kʟ̝̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɡʟ̝|output=wikipage}}|ɡʟ̝]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="4" rowspan="4"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]] [[Fricative consonant|fricative]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɬ|output=wikipage}}|ɬ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɮ|output=wikipage}}|ɮ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɭ̊˔|output=wikipage}}|ɭ̊˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɭ˔|output=wikipage}}|ɭ˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʎ̝̊|output=wikipage}}|ʎ̥˔]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʎ̝|output=wikipage}}|ʎ̝]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʟ̝̊|output=wikipage}}|ʟ̝̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʟ̝|output=wikipage}}|ʟ̝]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 0px 1px"| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]] [[Approximant consonant|approximant]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|l̼}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|l̥|output=wikipage}}|l̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|l|output=wikipage}}|l]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɭ̊|output=wikipage}}|ɭ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɭ|output=wikipage}}|ɭ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʎ̥|output=wikipage}}|ʎ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʎ|output=wikipage}}|ʎ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʟ̥|output=wikipage}}|ʟ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʟ|output=wikipage}}|ʟ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʟ̠|output=wikipage}}|ʟ̠]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; border:2px solid; border-width:0px 2px 1px 1px"| [[Lateral flap]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|ɺ̼}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɺ|output=wikipage}}|ɺ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none;" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɭ̆|output=wikipage}}|ɭ̆]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none;" colspan="3"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʎ̮|output=wikipage}}|ʎ̮]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-right:none"| | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-left:none"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʟ̆|output=wikipage}}|ʟ̆]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid" colspan="2"| | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | <!--NON_PULMONIC CONSONANTS (2/3) -->{| align="left" cellspacing="2" style="font-size:110%; margin-right:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center; line-height:1.25em; vertical-align:bottom; border-collapse:collapse; background:transparent;" border=0 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | colspan=10 style="font-size:85%; background:#F2F2CE; border:1px solid #BFBFA3;" |'''[[Non-pulmonic consonant]]s''' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan=2 style="text-align:left; font-size:75%; padding-left:2px; border:solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;" | Simple [[Click consonant|clicks]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none;" | {{IPA|[[Tenuis bilabial click|ʘ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Voiced bilabial click|ʘ̬]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Bilabial nasal click|ʘ̃]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none;" | {{IPA|[[Tenuis dental click|ǀ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Voiced dental click|ǀ̬]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Dental nasal click|ǀ̃]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none;" | {{IPA|[[Tenuis alveolar click|ǃ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Voiced alveolar click|ǃ̬]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Alveolar nasal click|ǃ̃]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none;" | {{IPA|[[Tenuis palatal click|ǂ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Voiced palatal click|ǂ̬]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Palatal nasal click|ǂ̃]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none;" | {{IPA|[[Tenuis alveolar lateral click|ǁ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Voiced alveolar lateral click|ǁ̬]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Alveolar lateral nasal click|ǁ̃]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none;" | {{IPA|[[Tenuis retroflex click|ǃ˞]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Voiced retroflex click|ǃ̬˞]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none; border-left:none;" | {{IPA|[[Retroflex nasal click|ǃ̃˞]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="text-align:left; font-size:75%; padding-left:2px; border:solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;" | Other clicks | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Glottalized clicks|ʘ̃ˀ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Glottalized clicks#Ejective clicks|ʘˀ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Preglottalized nasal clicks|ˀʘ̃]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Pulmonic-contour clicks|ʘ͡q]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Pulmonic-contour clicks|ʘ͡qχ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Ejective-contour clicks|ʘ͡qʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Ejective-contour clicks|ʘ͡qχʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Percussive click release|¡]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid; border-top:none" | {{IPA|[[Back-released velar click|ʞ]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |rowspan=2 style="text-align:left; font-size:75%; padding-left:2px; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;"| [[Implosive consonant|Implosives]] | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɓ|output=wikipage}}|ɓ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɗ|output=wikipage}}|ɗ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ᶑ|output=wikipage}}|ᶑ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʄ|output=wikipage}}|ʄ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɠ|output=wikipage}}|ɠ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʛ|output=wikipage}}|ʛ]]}} | ||
| + | |rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Voiceless bilabial implosive|ɓ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Voiceless alveolar implosive|ɗ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Voiceless retroflex implosive|ᶑ̥]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Voiceless palatal implosive|ʄ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Voiceless velar implosive|ɠ̊]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Voiceless uvular implosive|ʛ̥ ]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |rowspan=3 style="text-align:left; padding-left:2px; font-size:75%; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;"| [[Ejective consonant|Ejectives]] | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|pʼ|output=wikipage}}|pʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tʼ|output=wikipage}}|tʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʈʼ|output=wikipage}}|ʈʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|cʼ|output=wikipage}}|cʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|kʼ|output=wikipage}}|kʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|qʼ|output=wikipage}}|qʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[epiglottal ejective|ʡʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |colspan=2 style="border:1px solid; background:#ccc;" | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɸʼ|output=wikipage}}|ɸʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|fʼ|output=wikipage}}|fʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="width:2em; border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|θʼ|output=wikipage}}|θʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|sʼ|output=wikipage}}|sʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɬʼ|output=wikipage}}|ɬʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʃʼ|output=wikipage}}|ʃʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʂʼ|output=wikipage}}|ʂʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɕʼ|output=wikipage}}|ɕʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|çʼ|output=wikipage}}|çʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|xʼ|output=wikipage}}|xʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|χʼ|output=wikipage}}|χʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tθʼ|output=wikipage}}|tθʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tsʼ|output=wikipage}}|tsʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tɬʼ|output=wikipage}}|tɬʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|tʃʼ|output=wikipage}}|tʃʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʈʂʼ|output=wikipage}}|ʈʂʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|tɕʼ}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|cçʼ|output=wikipage}}|cçʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|cʎ̝̥ʼ|output=wikipage}}|cʎ̝̥ʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|kxʼ|output=wikipage}}|kxʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|kʼ|output=wikipage}}|kʟ̝̊ʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|qχʼ|output=wikipage}}|qχʼ]]}} | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | <!--CO-ARTICULATED (3/3)-->{| align="left" cellspacing="0" style="width:13em; font-size:110%; margin-right:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:transparent; text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-collapse:collapse; background:transparent;" border=0 | ||
| + | | colspan=6 style="font-size:85%; background:#F2F2CE; border:1px solid #BFBFA3;" | '''[[Co-articulated consonant|{{nowrap|Co-articulated consonants}}]]''' | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; padding-left:2px; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;" | [[Continuant]]s | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ʍ|output=wikipage}}|ʍ]]}} | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|w|output=wikipage}}|w]]}} | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px"| {{IPA|[[voiceless labialized palatal approximant|ɥ̊]]}} | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɥ|output=wikipage}}|ɥ]]}} | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 1px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɫ|output=wikipage}}|ɫ]]}} | ||
| + | |- style="line-height:1.75em;" <!-- row extra height --> | ||
| + | | rowspan=2 style="font-size:75%; text-align:left; padding-left:2px; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 0px 1px 1px;" | [[Occlusive]]s | ||
| + | | style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0px 1px 1px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|k͡p|output=wikipage}}|k͡p]]}} | ||
| + | | style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 1px 1px 0px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɡ͡b|output=wikipage}}|ɡ͡b]]}} | ||
| + | | style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ŋ͡m|output=wikipage}}|ŋ͡m]]}} | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0px"| {{IPA|[[{{IPA symbol|ɧ|output=wikipage}}|ɧ]]}} | ||
| + | | colspan=1 style="border:1px solid;" | | ||
| + | |- style="line-height:1.75em;" <!-- row extra height --> | ||
| + | | style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 0px 1px 1px"| {{IPA|[[Labial–coronal consonant|t͡p]]}} | ||
| + | | style="border:1px solid; border-width:1px 1px 1px 0px"| {{IPA|[[Labial–coronal consonant|d͡b]]}} | ||
| + | | style="border:1px solid"| {{IPA|[[Labial–coronal consonant|n͡m]]}} | ||
| + | | style="width:2em; border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0px"| {{IPA|[[Uvular–epiglottal consonant|q͡ʡ]]}} | ||
| + | | colspan=1 style="border:1px solid;" | | ||
| + | |}{{clear}} | ||
| + | <!--FOOTNOTES-->{| style="text-align:left; line-height:1em; font-size:90%; vertical-align:bottom; background:transparent; border=0" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | — These tables contain [[phonetic]] symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Technical note|[Help]]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | — Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the [[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless–voiced]] consonants. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | — Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible or not distinctive.<!--lateral labials occur frequently, but are not acoustically distinct from central labials--> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | {{yesno|{{{shownonIPA|yes}}}|yes={{!}}- | ||
| + | }}<!-- Full row to be skipped optionally. Must use {{!}} for pipe.--> | ||
| + | |}<noinclude> | ||
| + | {{Documentation}} | ||
| + | </noinclude> | ||
Revision as of 15:58, 5 September 2017
IPA pulmonic consonantschart image • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
| Nasal | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|m̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|m]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɱ]] | n̼̊ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|n̼]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|n̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|n]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɳ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɳ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɲ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɲ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ŋ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ŋ]] | ɴ̥ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɴ]] | |||||||||||
| Stop | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|p]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|b]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|p̪]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|b̪]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|t̼]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|d̼]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|t]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|d]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʈ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɖ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|c]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɟ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|k]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɡ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|q]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɢ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʡ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʔ]] | ||||||||
| Sibilant affricate | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ts]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|dz]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tʃ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|dʒ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʈʂ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɖʐ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tɕ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|dʑ]] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant affricate | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|pɸ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|bβ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|p̪f]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|b̪v]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tθ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|dð]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tθ̠]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|dð̠]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|t̠ɹ̠̊˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|d̠ɹ̠˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|cç]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɟʝ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|kx]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɡɣ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|qχ]] | ɢʁ | ʡħ | ʡʕ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʔh]] | |||||||
| Sibilant fricative | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|s]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|z]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʃ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʒ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʂ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʐ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɕ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʑ]] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɸ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|β]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|f]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|v]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|θ̼]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ð̼]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|θ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ð]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|θ̱]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ð̠]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɹ̠̊˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɹ̠˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ç]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʝ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|x]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɣ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|χ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʁ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ħ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʕ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|h]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɦ]] ʔ̞ | ||||
| Approximant | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʋ̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʋ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɹ̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɹ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɻ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɻ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|j̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|j]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɰ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɰ]] | ||||||||||||||||
| Flap or tap | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ⱱ̟]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ⱱ]] | ɾ̼ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɾ̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɾ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɽ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɽ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɢ̆]] | [[Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "ʡ̮" not found in list|ʡ̮]] | |||||||||||||||||
| Trill | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʙ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʙ̪]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|r̼]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|r̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|r]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɽr̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɽr]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʀ̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʀ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʜ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʢ]] | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral affricate | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tɬ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|dɮ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʈɭ̊˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|cʎ̥˔]] | [[Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "k" not found in list|kʟ̝̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɡʟ̝]] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral fricative | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɬ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɮ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɭ̊˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɭ˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʎ̥˔]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʎ̝]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʟ̝̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʟ̝]] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l̼ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|l̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|l]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɭ̊]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɭ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʎ̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʎ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʟ̥]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʟ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʟ̠]] | ||||||||||||||||
| Lateral flap | ɺ̼ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɺ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɭ̆]] | [[Error using {{IPA symbol}}: "ʎ̮" not found in list|ʎ̮]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʟ̆]] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-pulmonic consonants | ||||||||||
| Simple clicks | ʘ | ʘ̬ | ʘ̃ | ǀ | ǀ̬ | ǀ̃ | ǃ | ǃ̬ | ǃ̃ | |
| ǂ | ǂ̬ | ǂ̃ | ǁ | ǁ̬ | ǁ̃ | ǃ˞ | ǃ̬˞ | ǃ̃˞ | ||
| Other clicks | ʘ̃ˀ | ʘˀ | ˀʘ̃ | ʘ͡q | ʘ͡qχ | ʘ͡qʼ | ʘ͡qχʼ | ¡ | ʞ | |
| Implosives | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɓ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɗ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ᶑ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʄ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɠ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʛ]] | ||||
| ɓ̥ | ɗ̥ | ᶑ̥ | ʄ̊ | ɠ̊ | ʛ̥ | |||||
| Ejectives | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|pʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʈʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|cʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|kʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|qʼ]] | ʡʼ | |||
| [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɸʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|fʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|θʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|sʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɬʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʃʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʂʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɕʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|çʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|xʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|χʼ]] |
| [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tθʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tsʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tɬʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|tʃʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʈʂʼ]] | tɕʼ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|cçʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|cʎ̝̥ʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|kxʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|kʟ̝̊ʼ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|qχʼ]] |
| Co-articulated consonants | |||||
| Continuants | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ʍ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|w]] | ɥ̊ | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɥ]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɫ]] |
| Occlusives | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|k͡p]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɡ͡b]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ŋ͡m]] | [[Lua error in Module:IPA_symbol at line 37: Invalid data type "wikipage".|ɧ]] | |
| t͡p | d͡b | n͡m | q͡ʡ | ||
| — These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] |
| — Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the voiceless–voiced consonants. |
| — Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible or not distinctive. |
Usage
Write {{IPA consonant chart}} to use (transclude) this template.
Optional showing non-IPA symbols
Symbols that are not defined by IPA can be hidden by using the switch "shownonIPA":
{{IPA consonant chart|shownonIPA=no}}.
The default is "shownonIPA=yes".
Effect on printing
Navigation-boxes are considered to be for Wikipedia-internal use only, and are never printed. Therefore, if the tables are in-line part of the article (instead of a navigational help), this template should be used, not the navigation box {{Consonants}}.
See also
- {{Consonants}} Navigation box that contains this template
- {{IPA vowel chart}} Vowels, corresponding to this template
- {{IPA navigation}} Navigation box that contains the IPA vowel chart
| The above documentation is transcluded from Template:IPA consonant chart/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (create) pages. Please add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template. |