Difference between revisions of "Template:Infobox carbon/testcases"

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imported>DePiep
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imported>DePiep
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{{Infobox element/testcases header}}
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{{testcase table
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|name=carbon
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|number=6
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|symbol=C
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|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑr|b|ən}}
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|pronounce 2={{respell|KAR|bən}}
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|left=[[boron]]
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|right=[[nitrogen]]
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|above=–
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|below=[[Silicon|Si]]
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|series=polyatomic nonmetal
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|series comment=sometimes considered a [[metalloid]]
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|group=14
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|period=2
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|block=p
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|allotropes=diamond, graphite
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|appearance=diamond: clear<br/>graphite: black
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|image name=Diamond-and-graphite-with-scale.jpg
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|image name comment=Diamond (left) and graphite (right), the two most well-known allotropes of carbon
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|image name 2=Carbon Spectra.jpg
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|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of carbon
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|atomic mass=12.011 
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|atomic mass ref=<ref name="CIAAW">[http://www.ciaaw.org/pubs/TSAW2013_xls.xls Conventional Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
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|atomic mass 2=
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|atomic mass comment=(12.0096 – 12.0116)<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
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|electron configuration=&#91;[[Helium|He]]&#93; 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup>
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|electrons per shell=2, 4
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|phase=solid
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|density gpcm3nrt=amorphous: 1.8–2.1
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|density gpcm3nrt ref=<ref name="CRC">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
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|density gpcm3nrt 2=diamond: 3.515
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|density gpcm3nrt 3=graphite: 2.267
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|sublimation point K=3915
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|sublimation point C=3642
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|sublimation point F=6588
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|triple point K=4600
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|triple point kPa=10800
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|triple point ref=<ref name=triple2>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5|title=Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon|year=1976|author=Haaland, D|journal=Carbon|volume=14|pages=357|issue=6}}</ref><ref name=triple3>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027|title=Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)|year=2005|author=Savvatimskiy, A|journal=Carbon|volume=43|pages=1115|issue=6}}</ref>
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|heat fusion=graphite: 117
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|heat capacity=diamond: 6.155
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|heat capacity 2=graphite: 8.517
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|electronegativity=2.55
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|number of ionization energies=6
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|ionization energy 1=1086.5
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|ionization energy 2=2352.6
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|ionization energy 3=4620.5
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|atomic radius=
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|atomic radius calculated=
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|covalent radius=sp<sup>3</sup>: 77 pm<br/>sp<sup>2</sup>: 73 pm<br/>sp: 69
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|Van der Waals radius=170
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|crystal structure=diamond cubic
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|crystal structure prefix=diamond:
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|crystal structure comment=(clear)
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|crystal structure 2=simple hexagonal
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|crystal structure 2 prefix=graphite:
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|crystal structure 2 comment=(black)
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|oxidation states='''4''', 3,<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/36.pdf|title=Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref> 2, 1,<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/42.pdf|title=Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref> [[Formaldehyde|0]], [[Carbide|−1]], [[Methanol|−2]], [[Ethane|−3]], '''−4'''<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/comp.html|title=Carbon: Binary compounds|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref>
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|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly acidic oxide)
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|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </ref>
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|electrical resistivity=graphite: 7.837
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|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
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|electrical resistivity ref=<ref>https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm</ref>
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|electrical resistivity at 0=
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|electrical resistivity at 20=
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|thermal conductivity=diamond: 900–2300
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|thermal conductivity 2=graphite: 119–165
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|thermal diffusivity=
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|thermal expansion=
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|thermal expansion at 25=diamond: 0.8
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|thermal expansion at 25 ref=<ref name=ioffe>[http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond Properties of diamond], Ioffe Institute Database</ref>
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|speed of sound=
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|speed of sound rod at 20=diamond:&nbsp;18350
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|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
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|tensile strength=
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|Young's modulus=diamond: 1050
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|Young's modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
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|Shear modulus=diamond: 478
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|Shear modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
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|Bulk modulus=diamond: 442
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|Bulk modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
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|Poisson ratio=diamond: 0.1
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|Poisson ratio ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
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|Mohs hardness=diamond: 10
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|Mohs hardness 2=graphite: 1&ndash;2
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|CAS number=7440-44-0
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|isotopes=
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{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=carbon-11 | mn=11 | sym=C | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=20&nbsp;min | dm= [[Beta emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de=0.96
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| link1=boron-11 | pn=11 | ps=B}}
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{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=carbon-12 | mn=12 | sym=C | na=98.9% | n=6 |firstlinks=yes}}
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{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=carbon-13 | mn=13 | sym=C | na=1.1% | n=7 |firstlinks=no}}
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{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=carbon-14 | mn=14 | sym=C | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=5730&nbsp;y | dm=[[Beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.156
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|link1=nitrogen-14 | pn=14 | ps=N}}
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|predicted by=
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|prediction date=
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|discovered by=[[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]] and [[Sumer]]ians<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml |title=History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky |publisher=Caer.uky.edu |date= |accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref>
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|discovery date=3750 BCE
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|first isolation by=
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|first isolation date=
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|history comment label=Recognized as an element by
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|history comment=[[Antoine Lavoisier]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Senese, Fred|date=2000-09-09|url=http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml|title=Who discovered carbon?|publisher=Frostburg State University|accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref> (1789)
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}}<noinclude>
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{{Template reference list}}
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</noinclude>

Revision as of 23:22, 24 March 2015

Template:Testcase table

References

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