Template:Infobox plutonium/sandbox

[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Plutonium, ₉₄Pu

Plutonium
Pronunciation	/pluːˈtoʊniəm/ ​(Template:Respell)
Appearance	silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air
Mass number	[244]
Plutonium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Sm ↑ Pu ↓ (Uqh) neptunium ← plutonium → americium
Atomic number (Z)	94
Group	n/a
Period	period 7
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	912.5 K ​(639.4 °C, ​1182.9 °F)
Boiling point	3505 K ​(3228 °C, ​5842 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.816 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	16.63 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	2.82 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	333.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	35.5 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.28
Ionization energies	1st: 584.7 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius	187±1 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of plutonium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	from decay
Crystal structure	​monoclinic Monoclinic crystal structure for plutonium
Speed of sound	2260 m/s
Thermal expansion	46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	6.74 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.460 µΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	96 GPa
Shear modulus	43 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.21
CAS Number	7440-07-5
History
Naming	after dwarf planet Pluto, itself named after classical god of the underworld Pluto
Discovery	Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1)
Main isotopes of plutonium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]] 238Pu trace 87.74 y SF  — α 234U 239Pu 100% 2.41 × 104 y SF  — α 235U 240Pu trace 6.5 × 103 y SF  — α 236U 241Pu syn 14 y β− 241Am SF  — 242Pu trace 3.73 × 105 y SF  — α 238U 244Pu trace 8.08 × 107 y α 240U SF  —

References

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