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International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA topics
IPA
International Phonetic Association
History of the IPA
Extensions to the IPA
Kiel convention (1989)
Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Naming conventions
Phonetics
Diacritics
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Place of articulation
Manner of articulation
Special topics
Case variants of IPA letters
Handwritten IPA
Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings
SAMPA
X-SAMPA
Kirshenbaum
TIPA
Phonetic symbols in Unicode
WorldBet
IPA Braille
Consonants
v
t
e
IPA
pulmonic consonants
chart image
•
11px
audio
Place
→
Labial
Coronal
Dorsal
Radical
Glottal
↓
Manner
Bilabial
Labio-dental
Dental
Alveolar
Postalveolar
Retroflex
Alveolo-palatal
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal
[[|m̥]]
[[|m]]
[[|ɱ]]
[[|n̪]]
[[|n̥]]
[[|n]]
[[|n̠]]
[[|ɳ̊]]
[[|ɳ]]
[[|ɲ̟]]
[[|ɲ̊]]
[[|ɲ]]
[[|ŋ̊]]
[[|ŋ]]
[[|ɴ]]
Stop
[[|p]]
[[|b]]
[[|p̪]]
[[|b̪]]
[[|t̪]]
[[|d̪]]
[[|t]]
[[|d]]
[[|ʈ]]
[[|ɖ]]
[[|c]]
[[|ɟ]]
[[|k]]
[[|ɡ]]
[[|q]]
[[|ɢ]]
[[|ʡ]]
[[|ʔ]]
Sibilant fricative
[[|s̪]]
[[|z̪]]
[[|s]]
[[|z]]
[[|ʃ]]
[[|ʒ]]
[[|ʂ]]
[[|ʐ]]
[[|ɕ]]
[[|ʑ]]
Non-sibilant fricative
[[|ɸ]]
[[|β]]
[[|f]]
[[|v]]
[[|θ]]
[[|ð]]
[[|θ̱]]
[[|ð̠]]
[[|ç]]
[[|ʝ]]
[[|x]]
[[|ɣ]]
[[|χ]]
[[|ʁ]]
[[|ħ]]
[[|ʕ]]
[[|ʜ]]
[[|ʢ]]
[[|h]]
[[|ɦ]]
Approximant
[[|ʋ]]
[[|ɹ]]
[[|ɻ]]
[[|j̊]]
[[|j]]
[[|ɰ]]
Flap or tap
[[|ⱱ̟]]
[[|ⱱ]]
[[|ɾ]]
[[|ɽ]]
[[|ɢ̆]]
[[|ʡ̯]]
Trill
[[|ʙ]]
[[|r̥]]
[[|r]]
[[|ɽ͡r]]
[[|ʀ]]
[[|ᴙ]]
*
Lateral
fricative
[[|ɬ]]
[[|ɮ]]
[[|ꞎ]]
*
[[|ʎ̝̊]]
[[|ʎ̝]]
[[|ʟ̝̊]]
[[|ʟ̝]]
Lateral
approximant
[[|l̥]]
[[|l]]
[[|ɭ]]
[[|ʎ̟]]
[[|ʎ]]
[[|ʟ]]
Lateral flap
[[|ɺ]]
[[|ɺ̢]]
*
[[|ʎ̯]]
[[|ʟ̆]]
Non-pulmonic consonants
Clicks
ʘ
ǀ
ǃ
ǂ
ǁ
ʘ̃
ʘ̃ˀ
ʘ͡q
ʘ͡qʼ
‼
Implosives
[[|ɓ̥]]
[[|ɓ]]
[[|ɗ̥]]
[[|ɗ]]
[[|ᶑ]]
[[|ʄ̊]]
[[|ʄ]]
[[|ɠ]]
[[|ʛ]]
Ejectives
[[|pʼ]]
[[|t̪ʼ]]
[[|tʼ]]
[[|ʈʼ]]
[[|cʼ]]
[[|kʼ]]
[[|qʼ]]
[[|fʼ]]
[[|θʼ]]
[[|sʼ]]
[[|ɬʼ]]
[[|ʃʼ]]
[[|ʂʼ]]
[[|ɕʼ]]
[[|xʼ]]
[[|χʼ]]
[[|tsʼ]]
[[|tɬʼ]]
[[|cʎ̝̥ʼ]]
[[|tʃʼ]]
[[|ʈʂʼ]]
[[|kxʼ]]
[[| kʟ̝̊ʼ]]
[[|qχʼ]]
Affricates
[[|p̪f]]
[[|b̪v]]
[[|ts]]
[[|dz]]
[[|t̪s̪]]
[[|d̪z̪]]
[[|tθ]]
[[|dð]]
[[|tʃ]]
[[|dʒ]]
[[|tɕ]]
[[|dʑ]]
[[|ʈʂ]]
[[|ɖʐ]]
[[|tɬ]]
[[|dɮ]]
[[|cç]]
[[|ɟʝ]]
[[|cʎ̥˔]]
[[|ɟʎ˔]]
[[|kx]]
[[|ɡɣ]]
[[|kʟ̝̊]]
[[|ɡʟ̝]]
[[|qχ]]
[[|ɢʁ]]
Co-articulated consonants
Continuants
[[|ʍ]]
[[|w]]
[[|ɥ]]
[[|ɧ]]
Occlusives
[[|k͡p]]
[[|ɡ͡b]]
[[|ŋ͡m]]
— These tables contain
phonetic
symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers.
[Help]
— Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the
voiceless–voiced
consonants.
— Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
— Symbols marked with an asterisk (*) are not defined in the IPA.
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Pulmonics
Non-pulmonics
Affricates
Co-articulated
Vowels
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