Template:Infobox phosphorus/sandbox
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Revision as of 04:01, 18 December 2016 by imported>DePiep (deprecated parameter |series, now |category (via JWB))
[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
![]() waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Pronunciation | /ˈfɒsfərəs/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(P) | Template:Val[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Phosphorus in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | group 15 (pnictogens) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | p-block | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Element categories | , sometimes considered a metalloid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | white: 1.823 g·cm−3 red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3 violet: 2.36 g·cm−3 black: 2.69 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | white: 0.66 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporisation | white: 51.9 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | white: 23.824 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vapour pressure (white)
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Vapour pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
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| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1,[3] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionisation energies |
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| Covalent radius | 107±3 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 180 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectral lines of phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | simple triclinic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | white: 0.236 W/(m·K) black: 12.1 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | white, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[4] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | white: 5 GPa red: 11 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | white: 12185-10-3 red: 7723-14-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Hennig Brand (1669) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier[5] (1777) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Main isotopes of phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
- ↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Template:RubberBible86th
- ↑ cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)
- ↑ webelements
- ↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
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