Template:IPAc-mh/doc

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This template is used to produce a phonetic or phonemic representation (using the IPA system) of Marshallese words or sounds, using natural spelling to avoid the need to search for the correct phonetic symbols. The result is wikilinked to Wikipedia:IPA for Marshallese. Optionally, an audio file can also be specified.

Usage

The number of parameters is always limited to 50.

Normal usage:

With an audio file:

-->

To change the delimiters (for example, if several instances of the template need to be strung together because of the limit on the number of parameters):

The full range of special values for the first parameter (changing the delimiters and/or specifying that the next parameter is an audio file) is as follows:

  • -- [- -] // /- -/ AUD -]AUD //AUD -/AUD

Consonants

Spellings similar to Marshallese orthography are used for consonants. Velarized consonants (with cedilla below) are joined with ‹h›, and labio-velarized consonants joined with ‹w› instead of ‹h›. The velar nasal Template:Unicode is represented with ‹ng›, or if labialized, ‹ngw›. The approximants are represented with ‹h w y›. Marshallese words must have a consonant at the beginning and the end of a word and between two vowels, even if it is an approximant not indicated in writing.

  • b d h j k kw l lh lw m mh n nh nw ng ngw p r rw t w y
Allophones

In allophonic mode, use uppercase versions. ‹H W Y› are silent in this mode; they are supported, but they do not embed anything.

  • B D J K KW L LH LW M MH N NH NW NG NGW P R RW T

For voiced allophones (between vowels within a word), use:

  • B' J' K' KW' P' T'

Vowels

There are two approaches to representing vowels with this template.

Phonemes

The four vowels can be represented purely by their phonemic vowel height in a vertical vowel system. These will not be contextually ambiguous, as Marshallese basically has only these four vowel phonemes.

  • a e o u

And asyllabic versions of them:

  • a' e' o' u'

And epenthetical versions of them:

  • ^a ^e ^o ^u

All code sequences containing ‹u› also have aliases with ‹i› instead.

Allophones

The four vowels can also be represented by any of the 36 allophones (9 allophones per vowel phoneme). In addition to the symbols used in bare phonemes, a letter is added to the left and right of the symbol to indicate palatalization, velarization or labio-velarization on each side of the vowel. This is mostly for the interest of how words sound to Western ears, as in spoken Marshallese these articulations have no special meaning divorced from the consonants they neighbor.

  • hah hay haw yah yay yaw wah way waw
  • heh hey hew yeh yey yew weh wey wew
  • hoh hoy how yoh yoy yow woh woy wow
  • huh huy huw yuh yuy yuw wuh wuy wuw

And asyllabic versions of them:

  • ha'h ha'y ha'w ya'h ya'y ya'w wa'h wa'y wa'w
  • he'h he'y he'w ye'h ye'y ye'w we'h we'y we'w
  • ho'h ho'y ho'w yo'h yo'y yo'w wo'h wo'y wo'w
  • hu'h hu'y hu'w yu'h yu'y yu'w wu'h wu'y wu'w

And epenthetical versions of them:

  • ^hah ^hay ^haw ^yah ^yay ^yaw ^wah ^way ^waw
  • ^heh ^hey ^hew ^yeh ^yey ^yew ^weh ^wey ^wew
  • ^hoh ^hoy ^how ^yoh ^yoy ^yow ^woh ^woy ^wow
  • ^huh ^huy ^huw ^yuh ^yuy ^yuw ^wuh ^wuy ^wuw

These consonants trigger palatal mutation in neighboring vowels, which should have ‹y› attached to them:

  • D J L M N P Y

These consonants trigger velar mutation in neighboring vowels, which should have ‹h› attached to them:

  • B H K LH MH NH NG R T

These consonants trigger labio-velar mutation in neighboring vowels, which should have ‹w› attached to them:

  • KW LW NW NGW RW W

As mentioned before, the allophone codes ‹H W Y› are supported but do not embed anything; they are thus not strictly necessary to embed at all.

Other

The following parameters have special meanings:

  • _ (underscore) for a space between words
  • ' (apostrophe) for a primary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)
  • ; (semicolon) for phoneme half-gemination mark
  • : (colon) for phoneme gemination mark

Other values used as parameters will be displayed unconverted. (The conversion system is coded in Template:c-mh.)

See also