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Aluminium, 13 Al Aluminium Pronunciation Alternative name aluminum (U.S., Canada) Appearance silvery gray metallic Standard atomic weight A r, std (Al) Template:Val [1] Aluminium in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z ) 13 Group group 13 (boron group) Period period 3 Block p-block Element categories , sometimes considered a metalloid Electron configuration [Ne ] 3s2 3p1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 3 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) Boiling point 2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 2.70 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 2.375 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 10.71 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 284 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.20 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1482
1632
1817
2054
2364
2790
Atomic properties Oxidation states −2, −1, +1,[2] +2,[3] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.61 Ionization energies 1st: 577.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 143 pm Covalent radius 121±4 pm Van der Waals radius 184 pm Spectral lines of aluminiumOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) Speed of sound thin rod (rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t. ) Thermal expansion 23.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 237 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 26.5 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [4] Magnetic susceptibility +16.5·10−6 cm3 /mol Young's modulus 70 GPa Shear modulus 26 GPa Bulk modulus 76 GPa Poisson ratio 0.35 Mohs hardness 2.75 Vickers hardness 160–350 MPa Brinell hardness 160–550 MPa CAS Number 7429-90-5 History Naming from alumine , obsolete name for alumina Prediction Antoine Lavoisier (1782) Discovery Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) Named by Humphry Davy (1812[lower-alpha 1] ) Main isotopes of aluminium
Category: Aluminium | references
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↑ Davy's 1812 written usage of the word aluminum was predated by other authors' usage of aluminium . However, Davy is often mentioned as the person who named the element; he was the first to coin a name for aluminium: he used alumium in 1808. Other authors did not accept that name, choosing aluminium instead. See below for more details.
References
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<ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element }})
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