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Antimony, 51Sb |
| Antimony |
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| Pronunciation | |
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| Appearance | silvery lustrous gray |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Sb) | Template:Val[1] |
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| Antimony in the periodic table |
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|
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| Atomic number (Z) | 51 |
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| Group | group 15 (pnictogens) |
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| Period | period 5 |
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| Block | p-block |
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| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 903.78 K (630.63 °C, 1167.13 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 1908 K (1635 °C, 2975 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 6.697 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.53 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 19.79 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 193.43 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 25.23 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
807
|
876
|
1011
|
1219
|
1491
|
1858
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.05 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 834 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1594.9 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2440 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 140 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 139±5 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 206 pm |
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| Spectral lines of antimony |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | rhombohedral |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 3420 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 11 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 24.4 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 417 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[3] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | −99.0·10−6 cm3/mol[4] |
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| Young's modulus | 55 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 20 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 42 GPa |
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| Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
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| Brinell hardness | 294–384 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-36-0 |
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| History |
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| Discovery | Arabic alchemists (before AD 815) |
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| Main isotopes of antimony |
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|
|
Category: Antimony | references |
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References
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