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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Barium, 56Ba |
| Barium |
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| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
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| Appearance | silvery gray; with a pale yellow tint[1] |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ba) | Template:Val[2] |
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| Barium in the periodic table |
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|
|
| Atomic number (Z) | 56 |
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| Group | group 2 (alkaline earth metals) |
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| Period | period 6 |
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| Block | s-block |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 6s2 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 1000 K (727 °C, 1341 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 2118 K (1845 °C, 3353 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 3.51 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 3.338 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 7.12 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 142 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 28.07 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
911
|
1038
|
1185
|
1388
|
1686
|
2170
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.89 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 502.9 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 965.2 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3600 kJ/mol
-
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 222 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 215±11 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 268 pm |
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| Spectral lines of barium |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 1620 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 20.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 18.4 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 332 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[3] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | +20.6·10−6 cm3/mol[4] |
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| Young's modulus | 13 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 4.9 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 9.6 GPa |
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| Mohs hardness | 1.25 |
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| CAS Number | 7440-39-3 |
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| History |
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| Discovery | Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1772) |
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| First isolation | Humphry Davy (1808) |
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| Main isotopes of barium |
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|
|
Category: Barium | references |
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References
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