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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Cadmium, 48Cd| File:Cadmium-crystal bar.jpg |
| Cadmium |
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| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
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| Appearance | silvery bluish-gray metallic |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cd) | Template:Val[1] |
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| Cadmium in the periodic table |
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|
|
| Atomic number (Z) | 48 |
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| Group | group 12 |
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| Period | period 5 |
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| Block | d-block |
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| Element categories | , alternatively considered an other metal |
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| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 594.22 K (321.07 °C, 609.93 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 1040 K (767 °C, 1413 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 8.65 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.996 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 6.21 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 99.87 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.020 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
530
|
583
|
654
|
745
|
867
|
1040
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.69 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 867.8 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol
-
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 151 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 144±9 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 158 pm |
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| Spectral lines of cadmium |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 2310 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 96.6 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 72.7 nΩ·m (at 22 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[2] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | −19.8·10−6 cm3/mol[3] |
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| Young's modulus | 50 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 19 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 42 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.30 |
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| Mohs hardness | 2.0 |
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| Brinell hardness | 203–220 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-43-9 |
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| History |
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| Discovery and first isolation | Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817) |
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| Named by | Friedrich Stromeyer (1817) |
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| Main isotopes of cadmium |
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|
|
16x16px Category: Cadmium | references |
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References
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