Revision as of 00:29, 16 December 2020 by imported>Monkbot
[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Copper, 29Cu |
| Copper |
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| Appearance | red-orange metallic luster |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cu) | Template:Val[1] |
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| Copper in the periodic table |
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|
|
| Atomic number (Z) | 29 |
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| Group | group 11 |
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| Period | period 4 |
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| Block | d-block |
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| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 1 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 8.96 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.02 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 13.26 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 300.4 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 24.440 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
1509
|
1661
|
1850
|
2089
|
2404
|
2834
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −2, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.90 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 745.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 128 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 132±4 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 140 pm |
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| Spectral lines of copper |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | (annealed) 3810 m/s (at r.t.) |
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| Thermal expansion | 16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 401 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 16.78 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[3] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | −5.46·10−6 cm3/mol[4] |
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| Young's modulus | 110–128 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 48 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 140 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.34 |
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| Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
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| Vickers hardness | 343–369 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 235–878 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-50-8 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium) |
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| Discovery | Middle East (9000 BC) |
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| Main isotopes of copper |
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|
|
Category: Copper | references |
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References
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