Revision as of 07:54, 28 September 2020 by imported>Eric Kvaalen
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Plutonium, 94Pu| Two shiny pellets of plutonium of about 3 cm in diameter |
| Plutonium |
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| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
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| Appearance | silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air |
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| Mass number | [244] |
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| Plutonium in the periodic table |
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|
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| Atomic number (Z) | 94 |
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| Group | n/a |
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| Period | period 7 |
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| Block | f-block |
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| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f6 7s2 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 912.5 K (639.4 °C, 1182.9 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 3505 K (3228 °C, 5842 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 19.85 (239Pu)[1] g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 16.63 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 2.82 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 333.5 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 35.5 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
1756
|
1953
|
2198
|
2511
|
2926
|
3499
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.28 |
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| Ionization energies | |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 159 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 187±1 pm |
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| Spectral lines of plutonium |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | from decay |
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| Crystal structure | monoclinic |
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| Speed of sound | 2260 m/s |
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| Thermal expansion | 46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 6.74 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 1.460 µΩ·m (at 0 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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| Young's modulus | 96 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 43 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.21 |
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| CAS Number | 7440-07-5 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after dwarf planet Pluto, itself named after classical god of the underworld Pluto |
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| Discovery | Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1) |
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| Main isotopes of plutonium |
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16x16px Category: Plutonium | references |
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References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
- ↑ Calculated from the atomic weight and the atomic volume. The unit cell, containing 16 atoms, has a volume of 319.96 cubic Å, according to Siegfried S. Hecker (2000). "Plutonium and its alloys: from atoms to microstructure" (PDF). Los Alamos Science. 26: 331.. This gives a density for 239Pu of (1.66053906660×10−24g/dalton×239.0521634 daltons/atom×16 atoms/unit cell)/(319.96 Å3/unit cell × 10−24cc/Å3) or 19.85 g/cc.
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