Revision as of 17:46, 16 December 2020 by imported>Monkbot
[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Thorium, 90Th |
| Thorium |
|---|
| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
|---|
| Appearance | silvery, often with black tarnish |
|---|
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Th) | Template:Val[1] |
|---|
| Thorium in the periodic table |
|---|
|
|
| Atomic number (Z) | 90 |
|---|
| Group | group n/a |
|---|
| Period | period 7 |
|---|
| Block | f-block |
|---|
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
|---|
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |
|---|
| Physical properties |
|---|
| Phase at STP | solid |
|---|
| Melting point | 2023 K (1750 °C, 3182 °F) |
|---|
| Boiling point | 5061 K (4788 °C, 8650 °F) |
|---|
| Density (near r.t.) | 11.7 g/cm3 |
|---|
| Heat of fusion | 13.81 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Heat of vaporization | 514 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Molar heat capacity | 26.230 J/(mol·K) |
|---|
Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
2633
|
2907
|
3248
|
3683
|
4259
|
5055
|
|
| Atomic properties |
|---|
| Oxidation states | +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) |
|---|
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.3 |
|---|
| Ionization energies | - 1st: 587 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol
-
|
|---|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 179.8 pm |
|---|
| Covalent radius | 206±6 pm |
|---|
| Spectral lines of thorium |
| Other properties |
|---|
| Natural occurrence | primordial |
|---|
| Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
|---|
| Speed of sound thin rod | 2490 m/s (at 20 °C) |
|---|
| Thermal expansion | 11.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 54.0 W/(m·K) |
|---|
| Electrical resistivity | 157 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) |
|---|
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[2] |
|---|
| Magnetic susceptibility | 132.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[3] |
|---|
| Young's modulus | 79 GPa |
|---|
| Shear modulus | 31 GPa |
|---|
| Bulk modulus | 54 GPa |
|---|
| Poisson ratio | 0.27 |
|---|
| Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
|---|
| Vickers hardness | 295–685 MPa |
|---|
| Brinell hardness | 390–1500 MPa |
|---|
| CAS Number | 7440-29-1 |
|---|
| History |
|---|
| Naming | after Thor, the Norse god of thunder |
|---|
| Discovery | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829) |
|---|
| Main isotopes of thorium |
|---|
|
|
Category: Thorium | references |
[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".