< Template:Infobox vanadiumRevision as of 13:05, 10 September 2017 by imported>DePiep
[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Vanadium, 23V |
| Vanadium |
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| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
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| Appearance | blue-silver-grey metal |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(V) | Template:Val[1] |
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| Vanadium in the periodic table |
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|
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| Atomic number (Z) | 23 |
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| Group | group 5 |
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| Period | period 4 |
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| Block | d-block |
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| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 2183 K (1910 °C, 3470 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 3680 K (3407 °C, 6165 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 6.0 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 5.5 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 21.5 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 444 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 24.89 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
2101
|
2289
|
2523
|
2814
|
3187
|
3679
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.63 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 153±8 pm |
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| Spectral lines of vanadium |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 4560 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 30.7 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 197 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | +255.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[2] |
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| Young's modulus | 128 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 47 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.37 |
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| Mohs hardness | 6.7 |
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| Vickers hardness | 628–640 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 600–742 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-62-2 |
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| History |
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| Discovery | Andrés Manuel del Río (1801) |
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| First isolation | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) |
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| Named by | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) |
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| Main isotopes of vanadium |
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Category: Vanadium | references |