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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Zirconium, 40Zr |
| Zirconium |
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| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
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| Appearance | silvery white |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Zr) | Template:Val[1] |
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| Zirconium in the periodic table |
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|
|
| Atomic number (Z) | 40 |
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| Group | group 4 |
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| Period | period 5 |
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| Block | d-block |
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| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 2128 K (1855 °C, 3371 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 4650 K (4377 °C, 7911 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 6.52 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 5.8 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 14 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 591 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 25.36 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
2639
|
2891
|
3197
|
3575
|
4053
|
4678
|
|
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −2, 0, +1,[2] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.33 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 640.1 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1270 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2218 kJ/mol
-
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 160 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 175±7 pm |
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| Spectral lines of zirconium |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 3800 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 5.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 22.6 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 421 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[3] |
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| Young's modulus | 88 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 33 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 91.1 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.34 |
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| Mohs hardness | 5.0 |
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| Vickers hardness | 820–1800 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 638–1880 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-67-7 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after zircon, zargun زرگون meaning "gold-colored". |
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| Discovery | Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789) |
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| First isolation | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824) |
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| Main isotopes of zirconium |
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|
|
Category: Zirconium | references |
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References
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