Template:Introduction to genetics glossary
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The different forms of a given gene that an organism may possess. For example, in humans, one allele of the eye-color gene produces green eyes and another allele of the eye-color gene produces brown eyes.
A molecular "package" for carrying DNA in cells, organized as two double-helical DNA molecules that encode many genes. Some simple organisms have only one chromosome made of circular DNA, while most eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes made of linear DNA.
A long molecule that has the form of a "double helix", which looks like a twisted ladder. It is made of four types of simple units (like four different colors of beads on a string) and it is the sequence of these units that carries information, just as the sequence of letters carries information on a page.
A segment of the DNA molecule in a chromosome. The genes are like sentences built up of the "letters" of the nucleotide alphabet, and between them the genes direct the physical development and behavior of the organism. A set of genes acting together are like a recipe or instruction book, providing the information that a living organism needs so it can build or do something - like making an eye or a leg, or repairing a wound.
When people change an organism by adding new genes, or deleting genes from its genome.
An event that changes the sequence of the DNA in a gene.
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