Template:Effects of feminizing hormone therapy in transgender women

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Effects of Template:No selflink in transgender women

Effect Time to expected
onset of effect[lower-alpha 1]
Time to expected
maximum effect[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
Permanency if hormone
therapy is stopped
Breast development and nipple/areolar enlargement 2–6 months 1–3 years Permanent
Thinning/slowed growth of facial/body hair 4–12 months >3 years[lower-alpha 3] Reversible
Cessation/reversal of male-pattern scalp hair loss 1–3 months 1–2 years[lower-alpha 4] Reversible
Softening of skin/decreased oiliness and acne 3–6 months Unknown Reversible
Redistribution of body fat in a feminine pattern 3–6 months 2–5 years Reversible
Decreased muscle mass/strength 3–6 months 1–2 years[lower-alpha 5] Reversible
Widening and rounding of the pelvis[lower-alpha 6] Unspecified Unspecified Permanent
Changes in mood, emotionality, and behavior Unspecified Unspecified Reversible
Decreased sex drive 1–3 months 3–6 months Reversible
Decreased spontaneous/morning erections 1–3 months 3–6 months Reversible
Erectile dysfunction and decreased ejaculate volume 1–3 months Variable Reversible
Decreased sperm production/fertility Unknown >3 years Reversible or permanent[lower-alpha 7]
Decreased testicle size 3–6 months 2–3 years Unknown
Decreased penis size None[lower-alpha 8] Not applicable Not applicable
Decreased prostate gland size Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified
Voice changes None[lower-alpha 9] Not applicable Not applicable
Footnotes and sources
Footnotes:
  1. 1.0 1.1 Estimates represent published and unpublished clinical observations.
  2. Time at which further changes are unlikely at maximum maintained dose. Maximum effects vary widely depending on genetics, body habitus, age, and status of gonad removal. Generally, older individuals with intact gonads may have less feminization overall.
  3. Complete removal of male facial and body hair requires electrolysis, laser hair removal, or both. Temporary hair removal can be achieved with shaving, epilating, waxing, and other methods.
  4. Familial scalp hair loss may occur if estrogens are stopped.
  5. Varies significantly depending on the amount of physical exercise.
  6. Occurs only in individuals of pubertal age who have not yet completed epiphyseal closure.
  7. Additional research is needed to determine permanency, but a permanent impact of estrogen therapy on sperm quality is likely and sperm preservation options should be counseled on and considered before initiation of therapy.
  8. Conflicting reports, with none reported observed in transgender women but significant albeit minor reduction of penis size reported in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy.[1][2][3][4]
  9. Treatment by speech pathologists for voice training is effective.
Sources: Guidelines: [5][6][7] Reviews/book chapters: [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Studies: [16][17]
Template documentation

References

  1. Elliott S, Latini DM, Walker LM, Wassersug R, Robinson JW (September 2010). "Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: recommendations to improve patient and partner quality of life". J Sex Med. 7 (9): 2996–3010. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01902.x. PMID 20626600.
  2. Higano CS (February 2003). "Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity". Urology. 61 (2 Suppl 1): 32–8. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02397-X. PMID 12667885.
  3. Higano CS (October 2012). "Sexuality and intimacy after definitive treatment and subsequent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer". J. Clin. Oncol. 30 (30): 3720–5. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.41.8509. PMID 23008326.
  4. Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann Behre (29 June 2013). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-3-662-04491-9.
  5. Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, Rosenthal SM, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, T'Sjoen GG (November 2017). "Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline" (PDF). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102 (11): 3869–3903. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01658. PMID 28945902. S2CID 3726467.
  6. Coleman, E.; Bockting, W.; Botzer, M.; Cohen-Kettenis, P.; DeCuypere, G.; Feldman, J.; Fraser, L.; Green, J.; Knudson, G.; Meyer, W. J.; Monstrey, S.; Adler, R. K.; Brown, G. R.; Devor, A. H.; Ehrbar, R.; Ettner, R.; Eyler, E.; Garofalo, R.; Karasic, D. H.; Lev, A. I.; Mayer, G.; Meyer-Bahlburg, H.; Hall, B. P.; Pfaefflin, F.; Rachlin, K.; Robinson, B.; Schechter, L. S.; Tangpricha, V.; van Trotsenburg, M.; Vitale, A.; Winter, S.; Whittle, S.; Wylie, K. R.; Zucker, K. (2012). "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7" (PDF). International Journal of Transgenderism. 13 (4): 165–232. doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873. ISSN 1553-2739. S2CID 39664779.
  7. Bourns, Amy (2015). "Guidelines and Protocols for Comprehensive Primary Care for Trans Clients" (PDF). Sherbourne Health Centre. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  8. Wesp LM, Deutsch MB (March 2017). "Hormonal and Surgical Treatment Options for Transgender Women and Transfeminine Spectrum Persons". Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 40 (1): 99–111. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2016.10.006. PMID 28159148.
  9. Fisher, Alessandra Daphne; Maggi, Mario (2015). "Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Male-to-Female Persons". Management of Gender Dysphoria. pp. 83–91. doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5696-1_10. ISBN 978-88-470-5695-4.
  10. Fabris B, Bernardi S, Trombetta C (March 2015). "Cross-sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 38 (3): 269–82. doi:10.1007/s40618-014-0186-2. PMID 25403429. S2CID 207503049.
  11. Radix, Asa E. (2016). "Medical Transition for Transgender Individuals". Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Healthcare. pp. 351–361. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19752-4_19. ISBN 978-3-319-19751-7.
  12. Tangpricha V, den Heijer M (April 2017). "Oestrogen and anti-androgen therapy for transgender women". Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 5 (4): 291–300. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30319-9. PMC 5366074. PMID 27916515.
  13. Moore E, Wisniewski A, Dobs A (August 2003). "Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: a review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 88 (8): 3467–73. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021967. PMID 12915619.
  14. Asscheman, Henk; Gooren, Louis J.G. (1993). "Hormone Treatment in Transsexuals". Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 5 (4): 39–54. doi:10.1300/J056v05n04_03. ISSN 0890-7064.
  15. Levy A, Crown A, Reid R (October 2003). "Endocrine intervention for transsexuals". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 59 (4): 409–18. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01821.x. PMID 14510900. S2CID 24493388.
  16. de, Blok Christel; Klaver, Maartje; Nota, Nienke; Dekker, Marieke; den, Heijer Martin (2016). "Breast development in male-to-female transgender patients after one year cross-sex hormonal treatment". Endocrine Abstracts. doi:10.1530/endoabs.41.GP146. ISSN 1479-6848.
  17. de Blok CJ, Klaver M, Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, Heijboer AC, Fisher AD, Schreiner T, T'Sjoen G, den Heijer M (February 2018). "Breast Development in Transwomen After 1 Year of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103 (2): 532–538. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01927. PMID 29165635. S2CID 3716975.