Template:Infobox Syrian civil war

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Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring
Montage of the Syrian Civil War.png
Clockwise from top left: Destroyed vehicles in Aleppo; refugee camp on the Turkish border; artillery firing on Homs; victims of the Ghouta chemical attack. (For a war map of the current situation, see here)
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(11 years, 3 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Syria (with minor spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

Government

 Iran[1][2]

Allied armed groups:

(For other forms of foreign support, see here)



 ISIS[12][13][14][15]

Opposition

(For other forms of foreign support, see here)

Kurdistan

Allied armed groups:

(For more on Kurdish involvement, see here)
Commanders and leaders


Strength

Syrian Armed Forces: 100,000[35][36]–250,000[37]

General Security Directorate: 8,000[38]

National Defense Force: 60,000[39]

Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000[40][41]

al-Abbas brigade: 10,000[42] (4,000–5,000 Iraqis)[43]

Hezbollah: 3,000–5,000[43]

Iran: 1,000–1,500[43]



Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: 6,000–7,000[44]

Free Syrian Army: 40,000–50,000[45]

Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[46]

Asala wa al-Tanmiya Front: 13,000[47]

Army of Mujahedeen: 5,000[44]–12,000[48]

Al-Nusra Front: 7,000–8,000[44]

Ahfad al-Rasul Brigade: 7,000–9,000[47]

Popular Protection Units (YPG): 10,000[47]–35,000[49] fighters

Jabhat al-Akrad: 7,000[50]
Casualties and losses

Syrian government 30,000[51]–34,738[52] soldiers and policemen killed
21,336 militiamen killed[52]
1,000 government officials killed[53]
7,000 soldiers and militiamen captured[52]
Hezbollah
332[52]–500[54] killed

Other non-Syrian Shiite fighters
459 killed[52]

35,942[52]–56,865[55] fighters killed* 979 protesters killed[56]

18,000[52]–49,060[57] opposition fighters and supporters captured
458 fighters killed[58]
102,573[57][59]–150,344[60] deaths documented by opposition (April 2014)**

206,065 killed overall (March 2014 SOHR estimate)**[52]
882–1,819 foreign civilians killed


16 Iraqi soldiers killed[61][62][63][64]
5 Lebanese soldiers killed[65][66]
6 Turkish servicemen killed[67][68][69]
1 Jordanian soldier killed[70]


4.5 million (UN, Sep 2013) – 5.1 million (iDMC, Sep 2013) internally displaced[71][72][73]
3,000,000 refugees (by November 2013)[74]

130,000 missing or detained[75]


*Number possibly higher due to both sides covering up their losses for the sake of morale.[52]
**Number includes foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians

References

  1. Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 May 2012). "Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces". The Guardian.
  2. Daftari, Lisa (28 August 2012). "Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad". Fox News.
  3. Filkins, Dexter. "Qassem Suleimani, the Middle East's Most Powerful Operative". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  4. http://iranpulse.al-monitor.com/index.php/2013/09/2766/irans-quds-force-we-will-support-syria-to-the-end/
  5. http://www.businessinsider.com/bi-leaked-stratfor-emials-iranians-firing-on-syrians-2012-3
  6. http://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2013/09/2013991434720292.html
  7. Iran boosts support to Syria, Telegraph, 21 Feb 2014
  8. "Lebanon dragged in as Hezbollah joins Syria war". Reuters. 26 April 2013.
  9. "Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters". Agence France-Presse. 31 October 2012.
  10. Richard Galpin (10 January 2012). "Russian arms shipments bolster Syria's embattled Assad". BBC News. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  11. "Russian military presence in Syria poses challenge to US-led intervention". The Guardian, 23 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  12. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10585391/Syrias-Assad-accused-of-boosting-al-Qaeda-with-secret-oil-deals.html
  13. http://www.aawsat.net/2014/01/article55326385
  14. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ar/originals/2014/03/redur-xelil-pyd-kurds-pkk-isis-syria-regime-kobani.html
  15. http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/assad-regime-jihadis-collaborators-allies/
  16. Six Islamist factions unite in largest Syria rebel merger
  17. "The Free Syrian Army" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War.
  18. "Syrian rebels tout a fighting force the US can work with". Christian Science Monitor. 2014-03-25. Retrieved 2014-03-31.
  19. Roula Khalaf and Abigail Fielding-Smith (17 May 2013). "How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  20. El Deeb, Sarah (20 June 2013). "Rivalries complicate arms pipeline to Syria rebels". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  21. Hassan (1 October 2013). "The Army of Islam Is Winning in Syria". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  22. Vatan, 8 September 2013, 'Türkiye El Nusra’ya ağır silahlar gönderdi'
  23. "U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels". Washington Post. September 11, 2013.
  24. "Syriacs establish military council in Syria". Hürriyet Daily News. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  25. "Bürgerkrieg : Die Christen in Syrien ziehen in die Schlacht - Nachrichten Politik - Ausland - DIE WELT". Welt.de. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  26. "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013.
  27. "Free Syrian Army fires military chief". Al Jazeera English. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  28. "U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria". Edition.cnn.com. 25 May 2013.
  29. Mroue, Bassem; Suzan Fraser (2012-12-08). "Syria Rebels Create New Unified Military Command". Huffington Post/AP. Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2012-12-08. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  31. Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 November 2013
  32. "Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  33. O'Bagy, Elizabeth (2013-03-24). "The Free Syrian Army" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  34. "FSA alliance pushes back against Islamic Front". The Daily Star. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  35. Assad's Indispensable Foreign Legions
  36. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/02/russia-fears-escalation-syria-conflict.html#
  37. "As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory". Times. 11 March 2014.
  38. "Syria's diminished security forces". Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  39. Pro-regime militias may outlast Assad, threaten future state: report
  40. "«كتائب البعث» إلى شوارع دمشق". Al Akhbar. 14 January 2014.
  41. Aron Lund (13 January 2014). "The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus". Carnegie Endowment.
  42. Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 June 2013
  43. 43.0 43.1 43.2 From Qusair to Yabrud: Shiite foreign fighters in Syria
  44. 44.0 44.1 44.2 "Factbox: Syria's rebel groups". Reuters. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  45. Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent.
  46. Front to Back
  47. 47.0 47.1 47.2 "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. 13 December 2013.
  48. "Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria". McClatchy. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  49. "Kurdish militia has 35,000 fighters: spokesman". The Daily Star. 27 December 2013.
  50. Mutlu Civiroglu (11 August 2013). "Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA". Rudaw.
  51. Syria conflict pits Shia against Sunni as Hezbollah says this is 'war we must win'
  52. 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 52.6 52.7 52.8 "More than 146 thousand have died since the start of the Syrian revolution". Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  53. "David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)". Huffington Post. 6 November 2012.
  54. Drastic rise in Hezbollah death toll as party battles for Yabroud
  55. With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided [1] and the pro-government fatalities to be an estimated 56,865,[2] a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 56,865 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's estimate that the number of combatant dead being double the documented number.[3]
  56. "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  57. 57.0 57.1 "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  58. 25 killed (19 November 2013),[4] 15 killed (31 October),[5] 379 killed (2013),[6] 39 killed (1-7 January 2014),[7] total of 458 reported killed
  59. "Violations Documenting Center - other statistics". Violations Documenting Center. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  60. "More than 150,000 killed in Syria conflict: Observatory". The Daily Star. 1 April 2014.
  61. "Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria". Naharnet.com. 3 March 2013.
  62. Zeina Karam (17 September 2012). "Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels". Washington Examiner. Associated Press.
  63. "Syria rebels fire on Iraq border posts, one killed". Channelnewsasia.com. 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  64. "Iraqi border guard killed in Syria violence spillover". Presstv.ir. 2013-07-13. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  65. "Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive". Daily Star. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
  66. Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment
  67. "Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara". English.alarabiya.net. 2012-07-03.
  68. "Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border". Worldbulletin.net. 2013-05-02.
  69. http://www.dailysabah.com/nation/2014/03/25/isil-connection-in-attack-against-turkish-security-forces
  70. "Syria's civil war spills violence across borders into Jordan, Lebanon". Associated Press. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  71. "Syrian Refugees in Lebanon," The New York Times, September 5, 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country
  72. "Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight"., iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders")
  73. "Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts"., UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced
  74. Source AAP UPDATED 8:44 AM - 29 Nov 2013 (2013-11-29). "Syrian refugees top three million mark: UN | SBS News". Sbs.com.au. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
  75. "Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013.