[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Beryllium, 4Be |
| Beryllium |
|---|
| Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
|---|
| Appearance | white-gray metallic |
|---|
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Be) | Template:Val[1] |
|---|
| Beryllium in the periodic table |
|---|
|
|
| Atomic number (Z) | 4 |
|---|
| Group | group 2 (alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Period | period 2 |
|---|
| Block | s-block |
|---|
| Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 |
|---|
| Electrons per shell | 2, 2 |
|---|
| Physical properties |
|---|
| Phase at STP | solid |
|---|
| Melting point | 1560 K (1287 °C, 2349 °F) |
|---|
| Boiling point | 2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F) |
|---|
| Density (near r.t.) | 1.85 g/cm3 |
|---|
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 1.690 g/cm3 |
|---|
| Critical point | 5205 K, MPa (extrapolated) |
|---|
| Heat of fusion | 12.2 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Heat of vaporization | 292 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Molar heat capacity | 16.443 J/(mol·K) |
|---|
Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
1462
|
1608
|
1791
|
2023
|
2327
|
2742
|
|
| Atomic properties |
|---|
| Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1,[3] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
|---|
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.57 |
|---|
| Ionization energies | - 1st: 899.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
|---|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 112 pm |
|---|
| Covalent radius | 96±3 pm |
|---|
| Van der Waals radius | 153 pm |
|---|
| Spectral lines of beryllium |
| Other properties |
|---|
| Natural occurrence | primordial |
|---|
| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
|---|
| Speed of sound thin rod | 12,890 m/s (at r.t.)[4] |
|---|
| Thermal expansion | 11.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m·K) |
|---|
| Electrical resistivity | 36 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
|---|
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic |
|---|
| Magnetic susceptibility | −9.0·10−6 cm3/mol[5] |
|---|
| Young's modulus | 287 GPa |
|---|
| Shear modulus | 132 GPa |
|---|
| Bulk modulus | 130 GPa |
|---|
| Poisson ratio | 0.032 |
|---|
| Mohs hardness | 5.5 |
|---|
| Vickers hardness | 1670 MPa |
|---|
| Brinell hardness | 590–1320 MPa |
|---|
| CAS Number | 7440-41-7 |
|---|
| History |
|---|
| Discovery | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
|---|
| First isolation | Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828) |
|---|
| Main isotopes of beryllium |
|---|
|
|
Category: Beryllium | references |
[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as
- <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".