Template:Infobox praseodymium
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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
| Praseodymium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Pronunciation | /ˌpreɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | grayish white | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Pr) | Template:Val[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Praseodymium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | group n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | f-block | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | 6.77 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.50 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 6.89 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 331 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | 27.20 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 182 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 203±7 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectral lines of praseodymium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound thin rod | 2280 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | α, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 12.5 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | α, poly: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic susceptibility | +5010.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Young's modulus | α form: 37.3 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shear modulus | α form: 14.8 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | α form: 28.8 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poisson ratio | α form: 0.281 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vickers hardness | 250–745 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brinell hardness | 250–640 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 7440-10-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main isotopes of praseodymium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]
| data m.p. cat | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in | calc from C | diff | report | ref | |
| C | 935 | — | — | ||
| K | 1208 | 1208 | 0 | ||
| F | 1715 | 1715 | 0 | Template:Subpage other | |
| max precision | 0 | ||||
| WD | Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". | Template:Wikidata | |||
| input | C: 935, K: 1208, F: 1715 | ||||
| comment | |||||
| data b.p. cat | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in | calc from C | diff | report | ref | |
| C | 3130 | — | — | ||
| K | 3403 | 3400 | 3 | delta | |
| F | 5666 | 5670 | -4 | delta | Template:Subpage other |
| max precision | 0 | ||||
| WD | Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". | Template:Wikidata | |||
| input | C: 3130, K: 3403, F: 5666 | ||||
| comment | |||||
| Ce ← |
→ Nd | |
| ||
| Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
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| Name and identifiers | |
| Top image (caption, alt) | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Category (enwiki) | |
| Standard atomic weight | |
| most stable isotope | |
| Natural occurrence | |
| Phase at STP | |
| Oxidation states | |
| Spectral lines image | |
| Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
| Term symbol * (cmt, ref) | |
| Wikidata * | |
| * Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}} | |
References
- ↑ Template:OED
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
- ↑ Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB3– and PrB4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.
- ↑ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
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