Template:Infobox vanadium/sandbox

From blackwiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search

[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Vanadium, 23V
Vanadium etched.jpg
Vanadium
Pronunciation/vəˈndiəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearanceblue-silver-grey metal
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(V)Template:Val[1]
Vanadium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro)

V

Nb
titaniumvanadiumchromium
Atomic number (Z)23
Groupgroup 5
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 11, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2183 K ​(1910 °C, ​3470 °F)
Boiling point3680 K ​(3407 °C, ​6165 °F)
Density (near r.t.)6.0 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)5.5 g/cm3
Heat of fusion21.5 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization444 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.89 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.63
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius153±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of vanadium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for vanadium
Speed of sound thin rod4560 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity30.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity197 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility+255.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[2]
Young's modulus128 GPa
Shear modulus47 GPa
Bulk modulus160 GPa
Poisson ratio0.37
Mohs hardness6.7
Vickers hardness628–640 MPa
Brinell hardness600–742 MPa
CAS Number7440-62-2
History
DiscoveryAndrés Manuel del Río (1801)
First isolationNils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Named byNils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Main isotopes of vanadium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
48V syn 16 d β+ 48Ti
49V syn 330 d ε 49Ti
50V 0.25% 1.5×1017 y ε 50Ti
β 50Cr
51V 99.75% stable
Category Category: Vanadium
| references
  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.